Neutron TGEM Detector Abdel

2012

2011

2010

2009

Last bottle measurements

Updates

Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.

Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.

Channels and signals

device	ch	input source
ADC	5	GEM's trigout
Peak sensing	15	GEM's trigout
Peak sensing	11	PMT Left
Peak sensing	17	PMT right
PS translator
TDC	25	PMT L
TDC	27	GEM's trigout
TDC	29	PMT R
TDC	31 (Stopper)	triple coincidence (OR Mode)
CAEN N638
TDC	17	PMT L
TDC	18	GEM's trigout
TDC	21	PMT R
TDC	23 (Stopper)	triple coincidence (OR Mode)

Run Number	Date	start	end	Time (min)	Shutter	Source	Count rate (counts/min)	Notes
7273	08/06/14	07:10:38	11:41:00	12502	open	off	67	0.1 flow rate
7274	08/06/14	11:49:35	18:15:01	23126	closed	off	39	0.1 flow rate
7275	08/06/14	20:37:07	09:10:10		closed	off	40	0.2 flow rate
7276	08/06/14	09:15:00	09:32:00		open	off	80	0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
7277	08/06/14	09:33:08	11:40:42	7654	open	off	81	0.2
7295	08/08/14	17:36:58	19:55:59	4741	closed	off	60	0.2
7296	08/08/14	22:28:01	23:43:14		closed	off	58	0.3
7297	08/08/14	23:48:14	12:08:00	37186	open	off	93	0.3
7298	08/09/14	00:16:14	06:08:03	21109	closed	off	56	0.3
7299	08/10/14	19:27:12	20:09:04	2152	closed	on	107	0.1
7300	08/10/14	20:11:30	20:46:29	2099	open	on	136	0.1
7302	08/11/14	06:53:14	07:22:45	1771	closed	on	114	0.2
7303	08/11/14	07:26:58	07:48:01	1263	open	on	167	0.2
7305	08/11/14	13:21:16	13:55:05	2029	open	on	178	0.3
7306	08/11/14	14:41:00	15:40:00	3540	closed	on	110	0.3
7307	08/14/14	08:14:15	08:20:39	384	closed	off		0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
7308	08/14/14	08:22:43	08:29:23		open	off	1314	0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
7309	08/14/14	08:35:09	09:45:37	4229	open	off		0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7310	08/14/14	09:46:12	11:18:39	5547	open	off	54	0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7311	08/14/14	11:19:45	13:01:57	6132	open	off	52	0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7312	08/14/14	13:10:50	14:28:07	4637	open	off	72	0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7313	08/14/14	14:30:24	15:38: 48	4056	open	off	80	0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7314	08/14/14	15:41: 52	16:46:55	3897	open	on	147	0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7315	08/14/14	16:49: 59	19:14:30	8729	open	on	148	0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7316	08/14/14	19:18:43	22:14:07	10596	open	on	147	0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7317	08/14/14	22:18:24	10:18:52	43220	open	on	0.0095	0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7318	08/15/14	10:24:00	12:42:23	8303	open	on	147	0.1 flow rate
7319	08/15/14	12:46:14	15:46:09	10795	open	on	148	0.1 flow rate
7323	08/15-16/14	16:59:39	06:03:11	46970	open	off	0.0011	0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7329	08/16/14	07:06:32	10:35:35	12543	open	off	83	0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
7330	08/16/14	10:41:58	12:48:33	7595	open	on	146	0.1 flow rate
7331	08/16-17/14	12:52:07	06:45:03	64384	open	off	0.0016	0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
7332	08/17/14	06:52:26	07:04:45	739	open	on	1367	0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
7333	08/17/14	07:05:50	08:53:54		open	on	155	0.1 flow rate
7334	08/17/14	08:57:02	13:13:38		open	off	82	0.1 flow rate
7337	08/17/14	14:17:24	14:30:29		open	on	1400	0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V), noise measurements with the wave generator
7338	08/17/14	14:31:37	16:17:45		open	on	163	0.1 flow rate
7339	08/17/14	16:20:25	16:35:45		open	off	1368	0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
7340	08/17/14	16:37:01	20:33:04		open	off	95	0.1 flow rate
7341	08/17-18/14	20:40:16	06:18:43		open	off	0.0015	0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7342	08/18/14	06:25:44	06:37:43		open	on	1403	0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
7345	08/18/14	06:39:23	14:17:58		open	on	0.0128	0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7355	08/18/14	16:03:29	19:59:51		open	off	75	0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
7356	08/18/14	20:03:05	20:07:58		open	on	2k	0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
7357	08/18/14	20:08:43	22:48:22		open	on	142	0.1 flow rate
7358	08/18-19/14	22:53:13	10:52:44		open	on	0.0082	0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
7359	08/19/14	10:55:49	10:59:52		open	on	2.1k	0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
7360	08/19/14	11:00:38	14:26:38		open	on	156	0.1 flow rate noise measurement with 1 Hz sampling
7361	08/19/14	14:40:49		open	on		0.1 flow rate with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate)

03 flow rate

02 flow rate

01 flow rate

Common Start Common Stop exchange

Edit the file

cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/

as the following:

for common start comment:

/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

for common stop uncomment:

 c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233

Photons

Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html

Electrons

Ref. :

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 File:Electron ionization Ar.pdf

Alpha Particles

Ref. :

http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75

Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator

Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source

Date	Time	No. of Counts (counts)	Count rate (counts/min)
07/09/14	1066	659005	618
07/10/14	538	368974	686

Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source

Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.

The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.

Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding

Without source

The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator . Neither closing the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box did make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.

With a source

Background count rate

Date	Time	PSD_e (counts)	PSD_e (counts/min)	LED (low disctrinimation)(counts)	LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min)	LED (high disctrinimation) (counts)	LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
07/01/14	1166	56671	49	2936748	2519	10	0.009
07/01/14	231	10529		572657		1542

data graphs

[math]S_{HLE}[/math]

The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.

[math]S_{PSD}[/math]

The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on).

Small=[math]S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}[/math]

Testing GEM Experiment test 10/23/13

The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.

The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.

shutter close
shutter open

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment test 1/4/13

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment

GEM HV-divider circuit

GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.

The table below shows value of the voltage on each preamplifier's side relative to ground.

[math] V_{source} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] V_{G1T} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] V_{G1B} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] \Delta V_1 \pm 1 [/math]	[math] V_{G2T} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] V_{G2B} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] \Delta V_2 \pm 1[/math]	[math] V_{G3T} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] V_{G3B} \pm 1 [/math]	[math] \Delta V_3 \pm 1 [/math]
2550	2579	2259	304	1671	1394	279	818	570	245
2600	2630	2303	310	1704	1421	285	834	581	250
2650	2680	2348	316	1737	1449	290	850	592	255
2700	2731	2393	322	1770	1476	296	866	603	260
2750	2781	2373	328	1803	1503	302	882	614	264
2800	2832	2482	332	1836	1530	307	898	625	269

The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).

the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.

GEM alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS

GEM Detector

GEM performance QDC data graphs

Calibrating GEM detector

Electronics Flow Chart

GEM Detector and Scintillator

GEM and Sci. data and measuurements

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC

Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.

Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator

Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup

Summary

The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.

These modifications are:

1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)

2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)

Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.

3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.

GEM performance data graphs

Electronics Flow Chart

200px

U-233 fission x-section data

What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233

Alpha

nuclide	Energy (MeV)
Pb-213	8.4
Bi-213	5.9
At-217	6.3
Fr-221	6.3
Th-229	4.85 (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)

Gamma

Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , File:U233 day gamma.pdf <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>

The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .

nuclide	Energy Minimum	Energy Maximum (keV)
U-233	25	1,119
Ra-225	40	40
Ac-225	10.5	758.9
Fr-221	96.8	410.7
At-217	140	593.1
Bi-213	323.81	1,119.4

Beta

Beta particles are emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>

U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV.

Insert energy distribution for Betas

The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and their half lives:

Nuclides	energy (MeV)	half life
[math]Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}[/math]	0.357	14d.
[math]Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}[/math]	1.426	46min.
[math]Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}[/math]	1.981	2.2 min.
[math]Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}[/math]	0.644	3.25h
[math]Bi^{209}[/math]	1.893	stable

What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter

electron shutter penetration

The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.

graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)

photons below were produced by above incident electron?

The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter

Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.

Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2

EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).

The needed time to observe the GEM signal

In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.

The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.

THGEM card tasks and tests

New THGEM cards

Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.

The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.

GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13

The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.

shutter close
shutter open

GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used

The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.

Long bnc cable
Short bnc cable

Roy's detector infomation and measurements

U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:

Shutter position	Alpha particles /min.	Beta particles /min.
Open	6879	900
Close	1	38

The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.

The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle [math] \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} [/math]

where A is the count per second and W is the detector solid angle.

For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost [math]2\pi [/math], so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.

IAC experiment producing neutrons

One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target is simulated outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below

In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.

References

THGEM design

THGEM#9

Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf

Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf

Electric field Simulation

Rim size dependence

File:THGEM Efield simulation.pdf

2010 THGEM design(s)

File:THGEM 2009 design gas efficiency.pdf

Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter

Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections

http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum

http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002

http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html

http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119

NIM_A535_2004_93[1]

File:NIM A590 2008 pg134 Eberhardt.pdf Prep Targets

Neutron cross sections for different elements Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf

http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/

Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg

Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg

Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg

Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg

Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg

Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg

Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg

Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf

File:NSAE 151 2005 319-334 Y.D. Lee.pdf

TGEM-2009 File:TGEM 2009.pdf

12 Volt power supply system.

http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf

http://electrontube.com.Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board

http://wikipedia.org

A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos

GEANT4_Paticles_Models[2]

Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html

RETGEMs

Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf‎

Media:2010_INST_5_P03002.pdf‎

Thick GEM COBRA

Media:THGEM_COBRA_08_10.pdf‎

Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf

Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf

Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf

http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm

http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1

Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[3]

Stainless Steel deflection [4]

Data Sheets

radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD File:Radioactive surface cleaner.pdf.

Th-Xsection references

File:Th-232 fxsection Behrens 0.7-1.4MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Blons 1975 1.2-1.8MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection ermagambetov 0-3MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Henkel 0-9MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Ohsawa original.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection pankratov 3-35MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection protopopov distancefromthesource.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection rago 12.5-18MeV.pdf

U-238-Xsection and coating references

relative cross section and calibration samples characteristics for a well determined number of fissions per second

File:Eismont relative absolute nf induced intermediate energy.pdf

U_238 cross section error analysis

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 File:U238-xsection.pdf

U_238 (0.5-4MeV) and Th_232 (1-6MeV) fission cross section with statistical error.File:Th-232 U238 xsetion data ebars.txt

File:Pankratov fxsection Th232 U233 U235 Np237 U238 5-37MeV.pdf

Thorium Coating

ThF4 target for sputtering coatings

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm

Machining Uranium

Uranium will ignite in powder form

http://www.springerlink.com/content/rr072r52163x0833/

coating Uranium

[[5]]

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172

Calorimeters/Detectors: DU sheet is in wide-scale use as an absorber material in high-energy physics research at large accelerator laboratories. The high atomic number and density of DU presents a large number of atoms per unit volume to interact with the particles emerging from collisions in these detectors. Also the slight background radiation from DU enables in situ calibration of the electronic read out devices within such detectors, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

http://www.2spi.com/catalog/chem/depleted-uranium-products.html

[6]

[7]

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library [8]

Data Acquisition

Warren_logbook[9]

Warren_Thesis [10]

Related To Gaseous Detectors

Breakdown and Detector Failure (10/21/10)

Different kind of micro-pattern detectors

References

1- A. Bressan, M. Hocha : NIM A 424 (1999) 321—342 File:High rate behavior and discharge limits in micro-pattern detectors .pdf

2- Fonte and Peskov IEEE 1999 :File:Fundamental limitations of high rate gaseous detectors.pdf

3- B. Schmidt: NIM A 419 (1998) 230—238 File:Microstrip gas chambers Recent developments radiation damage.pdf

Ideas

1.) Can we mix resistive paste (Encre MINICO) with TH-232. We construct a "bed of nails" to place a predrilled G-10 board with a copper border. The nails fill in the holes of the G-10 to keep the paste out. Ecre MINICO is a resistive paste used for transistors.

a.) Get some resistive paste.

http://www.leggesystems.com/p-253-elimstat-uxm-ccp.aspx

Resistive glue to compare

File:Duralco 4461.pdf

http://www.ellsworth.com/conformal.html?tab=Products

http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=764&Tab=Products

http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=2067&Tab=Products

http://www.cotronics.com/vo/cotr/ea_electricalresistant.htm

b.) mix with a metal similar to Th-232.

c.) construct bed of 0.4 mm nails. Look for 0.4 mm diameter pins.

7/31/2009

New vendor for carbon paste.

http://www.electrapolymers.com/productItem.asp?id=33

The data sheet does not show any information about the thickness of the paste.

The company has a distributor in the usa (877)-867-9668. A phone call is expected on Sat. 8/3/2009 about the availability of the product.

TGEM Mask Design

Coating U-238 or Th-232 is essential for neutron detection in the range 2-14 MeV, but THGEM contains holes that should be protected from any coating material. So, a mask is designed to cover these holes. The holes are in drilled to be on the corners of hexagonal of 1mm side length as in the figure:

The mask is made of stainless steel, 10 um laser tolerance with cut the plate to get the shape in the figure:

Please look at the following files for more details:

Make number bold black font. Add color so it is clear that they are holes in a material.

File:Copper foil 04mm.pdf

File:Holes mask together.pdf

TGEM_Mask_Design

P_D

Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector

H_Proposal_Defense

Vendor

Thick Film Screen Printers

http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers

http://www.marubeni-sunnyvale.com/screen_printing.html

Go Back TGEMS

tektronix oscilloscope

134.50.3.73

http://134.50.203.63/

<references/>