Difference between revisions of "Neutron TGEM Detector Abdel"

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−
[[2009]]
+
[[HM_2014]]
  
−
[[2010]]
+
[[2012]]
  
 
[[2011]]
 
[[2011]]
  
−
=Garfield=
+
[[2010]]
  
−
[[Garfield]]
+
[[2009]]
  
−
==Electric Field distribution==
+
=Dissertation=
−
[[File:THGEM_rim0.2.png | 100px]]
 
−
[[File:THGEM_Efield_0.5hole_0.2rim.png | 100px]]
 
−
[[File:THGEM_Efield_0.5in_0.8out_0.2rim.png | 100px]]
 
  
−
The figures represent the simulation of the electric field by using 1/4 hole in THGEM card that is made of FR4 and covered with resistive paste.
+
;11/01/2015
  
−
The figures represent in order : the THGEM hole model design, electric field simulation of the recent THGEM hole model that has a diameter 0.5mm and 0.9mm rim diameter(we are testing in the lab now), and the last figure represents the THGEM hole simulation after changing the hole's inside shape  from the cylindrical shape to cone shape for the top and the bottom part of the hole (so it looks like the hour clock or sand clock shape).
+
Measurements
−
The new change in shape will change the E-field strength around and inside the hole to higher values, also it changes the electric field lines distribution outside the hole.
 
−
The new simulated hole model consists of two cones that have the 0.5 diameter area in contact, each has a an inner diameter of 0.5mm and an outer diameter is 0.8mm, the rim still has 0.9mm diameter without any change.
 
  
  
−
[[File:GEM_2003_AnsysE-field.png | 200 px]]
+
[[File:measurements_1.pdf]]
−
[[File:AnimGEM_2003_AnsysE-field.gif | 200 px]]
+
[[File:measurements_2.pdf]]
 +
[[File:measurements_3.pdf]]
  
  
−
==Garfield simulation for GEM foils==
 
  
−
;Single GEM:
+
Conclusion
  
−
Garfield simulates a single GEM that has the standard structure
+
[[File:conc.pdf]]
  
−
pitch = 0.14  ! Distance between holes, in mm
+
=alpha calibration=
  
−
kapton = 0.050  ! Thickness of the kapton layer, in mm
+
[[File:ch_alphaE.png | 150px]]
  
−
metal =  0.005  ! Thickness of the meta layers, in mm
 
  
−
r_o = 0.050  ! Hole outer diameter, in mm
+
[[File:Raw_data_all.pdf]]
  
−
r_i = 0.070  ! Hole diameter in the centre, in mm
 
  
−
The simulation results:
+
The main peaks are for the following channel numbers,
  
 +
You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.
  
−
Triple GEM:
+
[[File:ch_alphap1.png | 150px]]
 +
[[File:ch_alphap2.png | 150px]]
  
−
The results for triple GEM:
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|channel Number|| Energy Upper limit (MeV)|| Energy lower limit (MeV)|| average energy (MeV)||  Notes
 +
|-
 +
| 4828 || 4.90 || 4.79 || 4.85 +_ 0.02 || 
 +
|-
 +
| 4869 || 4.94 || 4.83 || 4.88 +_ 0.02 ||
 +
|}
  
−
ComponentAnsys123::Initialise:
+
=Gamma Spectrum for U-233=
  
−
Read properties of 3 materials from file MPLIST.lis.
+
[[File:gamma_spect.png | 150px]]
  
−
ComponentAnsys123::Initialise:
+
= Last runs=
  
−
Read 31297 elements from file ELIST.lis,
 
  
−
highest node number: 48073,
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Run Number||start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|9005 || 05/15 15:00 || 05/16 10:55 || || open || off || 50 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9006 || 05/16 10:57 || 05/17 22:18  || || open || on ||  48||
 +
|-
 +
|9007 || 05/17 22:23 ||  05/18 19:20 || || closed || on || 30 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9008 || 05/18 21:46 ||  05/19 19:59 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9010 || 05/21 23:23 ||  05/22 10:00 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9023 || 05/26 13:06 || 05/26 13:17|| 11 || open || off || 87 ||  GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
 +
|-
 +
|9024 || 05/26 13:20 || 05/26 13:27|| 7 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)
 +
|-
 +
|9032 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || open || off || 87 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
 +
|-
 +
|9033 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9034 || 06/15 20:55 || 06/15 21:05|| 10 || open || off || 45 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9035 || 06/15 21:06 || 06/13 21:16|| 10 || closed || off || 27 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9036 || 06/17 14:48 || 06/17 14:58|| 10 || closed || off || 28 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9037 || 06/17 14:59 || 06/17 14:09|| 10 || open || off || 28 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
background elements skipped: 0
+
The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.
  
−
ComponentAnsys123::Initialise:
+
=QDC TDC PS-ADC setup=
  
−
Read 48073 nodes from file NLIST.lis.
+
;Peak sensing gate
  
−
ComponentAnsys123::Initialise:
+
[[File: GEM_PS_gate.png | 300 px]]
  
−
Read 48073 potentials from file field.lis.
+
;QDC gate
  
−
MediumMagboltz::SetComposition:
+
[[File: GEM_QDC_gate.png | 300 px]]
  
−
Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40)
 
  
−
MediumMagboltz::EnablePenningTransfer:
+
;TDC start
  
−
Penning transfer parameters for 44 excitation levels set to:
+
[[File: TDC_pulser.png | 300 px]]
  
−
r      = 0.55
 
  
−
lambda = 0 cm
+
;TDC STOP
  
−
Number of materials: 3
+
[[File: TDC_GEM.png | 300 px]]
  
−
The permittivity of material 0 is 1e+10
+
;QDC shows a difference
  
−
The permittivity of material 1 is 3.5
+
[[File: QDC_source_on_off_7724_7726.png | 300 px]]
  
−
The permittivity of material 2 is 1
+
=Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak =
  
−
Sensor::AddElectrode:
+
;Changes from the former set up
  
−
Added readout electrode "readout".
+
# Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
 +
#Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
  
−
All signals are reset.
+
;Lost
  
−
Sensor::SetTimeWindow:
+
[[File: PS_l1.png | 300 px]]
  
−
Resetting all signals.
+
;Detected
  
−
Avalanche 0 - electrons = 6479, ions = 7113 (started at 0.82 sec)
 
  
−
Avalanche 1 - electrons = 7548, ions = 8340 (started at 1489.31 sec)
+
[[File: PS_d1.png | 300 px]][[File: PS_d2.png | 300 px]]
  
−
Avalanche 2 - electrons = 6801, ions = 7531 (started at 3305.48 sec)
 
  
−
Avalanche 3 - electrons = 7956, ions = 8678 (started at 5048.83 sec)
 
  
−
Avalanche 4 - electrons = 8962, ions = 9860 (started at 6960.89 sec)
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|7435 || 08/24/14|| 19:30:48 || 19:55:32 || || open || on || 400 || a peak is noticed on channel 400
 +
|-
 +
|7436 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 20:40:11 || || open || off || 216 || the peak disappeared
 +
|-
 +
|7438 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 10:00:00 || || open || on || 0.0146 || triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
 +
|-
 +
|7444 || 08/25/14|| 21:17:25 ||  21:20:35|| || open || on || 230 || gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared [[File: gate delay700ns.png | 300 px]]
 +
|-
 +
|7446 || 08/25/14|| 21:29:51|| 21:38:55 || || open || off ||  185 || does not count for P_B. peak disappeared
 +
|-
  
−
=Methane percentage calculation if P10 bottle gas totally leaks in the LDS  =
 
  
−
P10 gas consists if 90/10 Ar/CH4.
+
|}
  
−
A flammability hazard exists when the methane percentage is 5-15 percent (STP) (ref. http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?GasID=41)    in the LDS.
 
  
−
The LDS volume in meters is
+
[[File: shutteropen_sourceon_off.png | 300 px]]
−
<math>11 \times 9 \times 2.5 = 247 m^3.</math>
 
  
−
The volume of the cylinder is = <math> 1.26 \times (0.1)^2 \times \pi = 0.04 m^3 </math>
+
= unknown gas mixed bottle measurements=
  
−
<math> P_1V_1 = P_2V_2 </math>
 
  
−
Assuming the bottle pressure is 2200 psi (149.7 atm), the  Methane volume at atmospheric pressure is :
+
; Updates
  
−
<math> (1 atm) V_{methane} = (149.7 atm) \times 0.04 (m^3)\times (10 %) \Rightarrow V_{methane} = 0.6 m </math>
+
Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.
  
−
If the Methane is trapped in the LDS room. (assuming the doors are close and there is not any ventilation). The percentage of Methane trapped by the LDS space is <math> \frac {0.6}{247} = 0.0024 </math>.
+
Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.  
  
−
No more than 20 bottles of P10 may be in the LDS at any given time.
+
; Channels and signals
  
−
=The maximum voltage on a copper THGEM card=
 
  
−
The new copper thick GEM cards (t = 0.43 mm , d= 0.3mm, a= 0.8mm) are tested to check the maximum voltage that can be applied between the top and bottom of the card with the least harmful sparking probability. The cards are placed inside the chamber with a vertical distance of 3.4 and 2 mm from the grounded readout plate, then placed again with the same vertical distance but without grounding the readout plate. The results are represented in the following table:
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|device|| ch || input source
 +
|-
 +
| ADC || 5 || GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 7|| 15 ||  GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 5 || 11 ||  PMT Left
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 8|| 17 ||  PMT right
 +
|-
 +
|PS translator ||
 +
|-
 +
|TDC || 25 || PMT L
  
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="2" |Card Number
+
|TDC|| 27 || GEM's trigout
−
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"  | <math>\Delta V_{applied} \,(V)</math> 3.4mm grounded // <math>\Delta V_{applied} \,(V)</math> 3.4mm without ground
+
|-
 +
| TDC || 29 || PMT R
 +
|-
 +
| TDC || 31 (Stopper) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 +
|-
 +
|CAEN N638
 
|-
 
|-
−
|90/10 ArCO2
+
|TDC || 17 || PMT L
−
| P10
 
−
|P5
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1 || 1500 || 1330 // 1375 || 1200 // 1230
+
|TDC B2||  18|| GEM's trigout multi-hit
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2  || 1400 || 1140 // 1180 || 1200 // 1180
+
|TDC B6|| 22|| GEM's B_p
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3  || 1500 || 1150 // 1183 || 1130 // 1000
+
| TDC || 21 || PMT R
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4  || 1300 || 1250 // 1290 || 1120 // 1107
+
| TDC 6 || 30 (pulser) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5  || 1400 || 1500 //1550 || 1350 // 1550
+
|TDC 7 ||  23|| delayed GEM's trigout
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
| 7273|| 08/06/14 || 07:10:38 || 11:41:00 ||  12502 || open || off || 67 || 0.1 flow rate
  
 +
|-
 +
| 7274|| 08/06/14 || 11:49:35 || 18:15:01 ||  23126 || closed || off || 39 || 0.1 flow rate
  
−
 
−
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|rowspan="2" |Card Number
+
| 7275|| 08/06/14 || 20:37:07 ||  09:10:10||  || closed || off || 40 || 0.2 flow rate
−
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Delta V_{applied} \,(V)</math> 2mm grounded // <math>\Delta V_{applied} \,(V)</math> 2mm without ground
+
|-
 +
| 7276|| 08/06/14 || 09:15:00 || 09:32:00||  || open || off || 80 || 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
 
|-
 
|-
−
| P10
+
| 7277|| 08/06/14 ||  09:33:08 || 11:40:42||  7654 || open || off ||  81 || 0.2
−
|P5
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1  || 1200 // 1275 || 1121 // 1125
+
| 7295|| 08/08/14 ||  17:36:58 || 19:55:59|| 4741  || closed || off ||  60 || 0.2
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2  || 1025 // 1113   || 1100 // 1200
+
| 7296|| 08/08/14 ||  22:28:01 || 23:43:14||   || closed || off ||  58 || 0.3
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3  || 1100 // 1130  || 975 // 1025
+
| 7297|| 08/08/14 ||  23:48:14|| 12:08:00  || 37186|| open || off ||  93 || 0.3
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4  || 1200 // 1130  || 1000 // 1050
+
| 7298|| 08/09/14 ||  00:16:14||  06:08:03 ||21109 ||closed || off ||  56 || 0.3
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5  || 1550 // 1650  || 1400 // 1450
+
| 7299|| 08/10/14 || 19:27:12||  20:09:04 || 2152||closed || on ||  107 || 0.1
−
|}
 
  
 +
|-
 +
| 7300|| 08/10/14 ||  20:11:30||  20:46:29 ||2099 ||open || on ||  136 || 0.1
  
−
What was the max <math>\Delta</math> V when the cards were in the detector.
+
|-
 +
| 7302|| 08/11/14 ||  06:53:14||  07:22:45 || 1771||closed || on ||  114 || 0.2
  
−
950V, the separation distance was 2mm from the ground (for THGEM2), and 3-4 mm between the cathode and THGEM 1.
+
|-
 +
| 7303|| 08/11/14 ||  07:26:58||  07:48:01 || 1263||open || on ||  167 || 0.2
  
−
=V1495_USR_firmware (Warren's thesis) =
+
|-
 +
| 7305|| 08/11/14 ||  13:21:16||  13:55:05 || 2029||open || on ||  178 || 0.3
  
−
It is provided by the manufacturer (CAEN) to guide to the V1495 uses.
+
|-
 +
| 7306|| 08/11/14 ||  14:41:00||  15:40:00 || 3540||closed || on ||  110 || 0.3
  
−
==GEMReadout Firmware Modules==
+
|-
 +
| 7307|| 08/14/14 ||  08:14:15||  08:20:39 || 384||closed || off ||  || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
 +
|-
 +
| 7308|| 08/14/14 ||  08:22:43||  08:29:23 || ||open || off ||  1314 || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
 +
|-
 +
| 7309|| 08/14/14 || 08:35:09 || 09:45:37 || 4229  || open || off ||  || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
 +
|-
 +
| 7310|| 08/14/14 || 09:46:12 || 11:18:39 ||  5547 || open || off || 54 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
 +
|-
 +
| 7311|| 08/14/14 || 11:19:45 || 13:01:57 ||  6132 || open || off || 52 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
; VHDL Modules
+
|-
 +
| 7312|| 08/14/14 ||  13:10:50 || 14:28:07||  4637 || open || off || 72 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Module Name ||Tasks or description
+
| 7313|| 08/14/14 ||  14:30:24|| 15:38: 48||  4056  || open || off || 80 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7314|| 08/14/14 ||  15:41: 52||  16:46:55  || 3897|| open || on || 147 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7315|| 08/14/14 ||  16:49: 59||  19:14:30  ||8729|| open || on || 148 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7316|| 08/14/14 ||  19:18:43 || 22:14:07  ||10596 || open || on ||147  || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495usr.vhd || it contains all I/Os as can be seen on the Pinout
+
| 7317|| 08/14/14 ||  22:18:24 || 10:18:52  || 43220|| open || on ||  0.0095|| 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 
|-
 
|-
−
|tristate_if_rtl.vhd|| contains the logic necessary to control the direction of the FPGA data bits found in v1495usr.vhd and the logic to control the direction of the bidirectional I/Os associated with the VME data bus.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|spare_if_rtl.vhd ||contains the logic necessary to control the direction
+
| 7318|| 08/15/14 ||  10:24:00 || 12:42:23  || 8303|| open || on || 147  || 0.1 flow rate
−
of the spare bidirectional I/Os included with the Cyclone FPGA.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMReadout.vhd || This module handles all of the receiving and transmitting functionality to and from the VFAT ICs, the FIFO storage, the PLL timing (if used), control of the LEDs on the V1495 and the ROC interface capabilities via the VME bus.
+
| 7319|| 08/15/14 ||  12:46:14 || 15:46:09 || 10795|| open || on || 148  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMTrigger.vhd || The GEMTrigger module handles the conversion of a single-pulse trigger to a 3-bit (or 8-bit in the case of the Calibration Pulse signal) trigger word which is sent to the T1 line of the VFATs and is in sync with the MCLK.
+
| 7323|| 08/15-16/14 ||  16:59:39 || 06:03:11 || 46970|| open || off || 0.0011  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495usr_pkg.vhd || contains the offset address for all of the user registers of the v1495.
+
| 7329|| 08/16/14 ||  07:06:32 || 10:35:35 || 12543|| open || off || 83  || 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
 
|-
 
|-
−
|PLLBlock.vhd || replicate the original MCLK signal coming in on G0 and outputting it to the PLLCLK signal. It creates a clock signal that is an exact inverse of this signal (PLLCLK_90), it allows t he user to change the frequency between 15Mhz and 1Ghz.
+
| 7330|| 08/16/14 ||  10:41:58 || 12:48:33 || 7595 || open || on ||  146 || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMRxEventDataFIFO.vhd/ GEMRxEventSizeFIFO.vhd ||contain the specific layout of the DataFIFO and the SizeFIFO and both are extremely similar in layout.
+
| 7331|| 08/16-17/14 ||    12:52:07 || 06:45:03 || 64384 || open || off || 0.0016  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMRxChannel.vhd || governs the behavior of the data received from the VFATs on their respective DataOut and DataValid channels.
+
| 7332|| 08/17/14 ||  06:52:26 || 07:04:45|| 739 || open || on || 1367  || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMTxChannel.vhd ||  provide debugging methods for the basic functionality of the I/Os on the V1495
+
| 7333|| 08/17/14 ||  07:05:50 || 08:53:54 ||  || open || on || 155  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GEMReadout_tb.vhd|| provides a useful test bench with which to test the basic I/O functionality of the V1495 when one does not have access to VFAT chips for generating and capturing data packets.
 
−
|}
 
  
−
;Verilog Modules
+
| 7334|| 08/17/14 ||  08:57:02 || 13:13:38 ||  || open || off ||  82 || 0.1 flow rate
−
 
+
|-
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
| 7337|| 08/17/14 ||  14:17:24 ||  14:30:29||  || open || on ||  1400 || 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V),  noise measurements with the wave generator
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Module Name ||Tasks or description
+
|7338|| 08/17/14 ||  14:31:37|| 16:17:45||  || open || on || 163  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
| v1495usr_hal.vqm|| contains many of the logical functions that serve as a building foundation for the v1495 module, automatically generated using the Synopsys Synplify design entry/synthesis tool which is used to create, synthesize, and optimize a project and then generate a Verilog Quartus Mapping file (.vqm).
 
−
|}
 
  
−
==Readout Control libraries==
+
|7339|| 08/17/14 ||  16:20:25|| 16:35:45 || || open || off || 1368  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
|7340|| 08/17/14 ||  16:37:01 || 20:33:04||  || open || off || 95  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7341|| 08/17-18/14 ||  20:40:16|| 06:18:43 || || open || off || 0.0015  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7342|| 08/18/14 ||  06:25:44 || 06:37:43 || || open || on || 1403  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
 +
|-
 +
|7345|| 08/18/14 ||  06:39:23 || 14:17:58 || || open || on ||0.0128  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7355|| 08/18/14 ||  16:03:29 ||  19:59:51|| || open || off || 75  || 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
 +
|-
 +
|7356|| 08/18/14 ||  20:03:05|| 20:07:58 || || open || on || 2k  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
 +
|-
 +
|7357|| 08/18/14 ||  20:08:43 || 22:48:22 |||| open || on || 142  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Function Name ||Tasks or description
+
|7358|| 08/18-19/14 ||  22:53:13 || 10:52:44|| || open || on || 0.0082  || 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495Init || This function establishes a pointer value for the V1495 VME card within the MVME6100 memory map
+
|7359|| 08/19/14 ||  10:55:49|| 10:59:52 || || open || on || 2.1k  || 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495ReadEvent || queries the VFATs and then stores their data into the “V1495ReadoutStatus” struct before getting parsed up and sent to the DAQ.
+
 
 +
|7360|| 08/19/14 ||  11:00:38|| 14:26:38|| || open || on ||  156|| 0.1 flow rate  noise measurement with  1 Hz sampling
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495FillData || This function simply takes a pointer to a 32-bit integer and fills it with the data from the structs of type “V1495ReadoutStatus” with 32-bit “chunks.
+
|7361|| 08/19/14 ||  14:40:49||18:25:00 || open || on || 0 || 0.1 flow rate  with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495Sprint || This function is a watered-down printout of some of the most useful registers recorded by the V1495 after a query of the VFAT data.
+
|7362|| 08/19/14 ||  18:33:15||  18:38:54|| ||open || on ||1.5k  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495StatusPrint || outputs a Number of TotalBytes, a Number of TotalFrames, Number of Sent Bytes, VFAT serial data in hexadecimal, 32-bit segments.
+
|7363|| 08/19-20/14 ||  18:39:46||  13:39:45|| ||open || on ||0.0081  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495HextoBin || changes the hexadecimal values reported in the v1495StatusPrint function to their binary equivalent.
+
|7364|| 08/20/14 ||  13:44:56|| 13:50:57 ||  ||open || off || 1.55k  || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 
|-
 
|-
−
| v1495test|| This function prints off several key registers found in the V1495.
+
|7367|| 08/20/14 ||  15:08:27 || 16:49:37 ||  ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495reload || called from within v1495firmware and simply reboots the User FPGA by writing a ‘1’ to the USER FPGA Configuration Register.
+
|7368|| 08/20/14 ||  16:53:42||  17:15:49||  ||open || on || 154  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
| v1495firmware || write the “standard” image or the “backup” image,generate files using Quartus II and should have the extension “.rbf”.
+
|7369|| 08/20/14 ||  17:17:39|| 20:28:43||  ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495release || sets the v1495 pointer to a NULL value
+
|7479|| 08/27/14 ||  10:02:21|| 10:42:09||  ||open || on || 64  || 0.1 flow rate,
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495DataReady || uses the FIFOLength register to determine which VFAT has the greatest number of entries.
+
|7480|| 08/27/14 ||  10:46:18||  14:17:22 || ||open || off || 11  || 0.1 flow rate,
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495CalPulse || takes the parameter passed to it to instruct the V1495 to send that number of CalPulses to the VFATs.
+
|7481|| 08/27/14 ||  14:19:33 || 14:43:39 || ||close || on || 78  || 0.1 flow rate,
 
|-
 
|-
−
|v1495Reset || resets the V1495.
+
|7488|| 08/27/14 ||  16:16:37 || 16:48:53  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Other VxWorks Debugging Programs || m <32-bit address>,<Number of Bytes>40
+
|7491|| 08/27/14 ||  18:09:27 || 18:59:05  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
−
The ‘m’ stands for “modify”, command helps one to write to a given register address. Hit Enter if you don’t want to change a value. Enter a ‘.’ and hit enter to exit the function.d <32-bit address>,<Number of Bytes> ‘d’stands for “dump” – displays the values for the requested  the hexadecimal number of bytes. Enter a ‘.’ to exit the function.
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Breakout Board ==
 
  
 +
==Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14==
 +
 +
Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following
 +
 +
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Source On|| Source Off
 +
|-
 +
|7507 || 7506
 +
|-
 +
|7509 || 7508
 +
|-
 +
 +
|7511 || 7510
 +
|-
 +
|7513 || 7512
 +
|-
 +
 +
|7515 || 7514
 +
|-
 +
|7517 || 7516
 +
|-
 +
 +
|7519 || 7518
 +
|-
 +
|7521 || 7520
 +
|}
  
−
=== Breakout board tasks ===
 
  
−
1- employs several noise cancellation techniques which were utilized in this experiment.
+
[[File:unknownbootle_measurements_06_13.png | 300px]][[File:unknownbootle_measurements_14_21.png | 300px ]]
  
−
2- Built-in radiation protection of the VFAT, charge-discriminating ICs, namely the Single Event Upset (SEU) triplicated logic and the Scan Chain ability for detecting erroneous digital gates.
 
  
−
=== Breakout board features ===
+
Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one  run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.
  
−
;Status Indicator LEDs
+
Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.
  
−
Green indicates enough power is provided to the board(2.25V), the green light becomes dim when there is a voltage drop (<2.25V).Yellow or red indicate an error or a problem in the board, and can y be set by the I2C Expander chip.
+
The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>
  
−
;I2C Address and Scan Enable Jumpers
+
[[File:temp_signal_effect.jpg | 300px]]
  
−
By grounding or jumping the pins of the jumpers, these jumpers contain the top three MSBs of a seven-bit I2C address and are labeled “MOST”, “MID”, and “LEAST”. these addresses are 0x16 to 0x112 by multiples of 16 except for 0x32, since it is the default address of the on-board I2C expanded (located in the center of the board) if it is utilized.
+
=Flow rate and figures=
  
−
;Soft Reset
+
;03 flow rate
  
−
The Soft Reset pins to the VFATs are all active low.
+
[[File: 03_sourceOn.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_sourceoff.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_openOn_off_sub.png | 450 px]]
 +
;02 flow rate
  
 +
[[File: 02_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:02_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: 02_openOn_off_sub.png | 150 px]]
  
−
;Differential-mode vs. Common-mode Signals
+
01 flow rate
  
−
Each mode indicate to radiation electric field current , the current has the same direction (common-mode) or an opposite direction (differential-mode)of the circuit current.Considering a Hertzian dipole, in a detector connected with a ribbon cable, the dominant component of the E-field is dependent on the distance, <math> E_{theta}</math> is dominant in far field area, and <math>E_r</math>  is dominant in the near field area to the detector.
+
[[File: 01_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:01_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
  
−
"The electric fields due to the common-mode currents, however, actually add due to their being driven in the same direction. It is for this reason, despite often being substantially smaller in magnitude than differentialmode currents, that radiated electric fields from common-mode currents are by far the predominant mechanism for producing radiated electric fields"
+
= Common Start Common Stop exchange=
  
−
;Common-mode Chokes
+
Edit the file
  
−
They are chokes on all of the LVDS signals both entering and exiting the board.These chokes are wire pairs wrapped in opposite directions about the same
+
cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/
−
toroidal ferromagnetic core. Ideally this allows the differential signals to pass through completely unabated but any common-mode signals will find these
 
−
coils to provide a very high impedance.
 
  
−
;Minimizing Current Loops and Geographical Layout of Components
+
as the following:
 +
 +
for common start comment:
 +
/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
  
−
The break out board is built considering the minimum length for the current loops, not to break the ground or power planes in line with the regular currents needed by the VFATs or other components,the highest frequency components should be as far away from the power supply of the board as possible and as the speed decreases and the precision of the voltage values increases (as in the case of the analog components), the components must be physically placed closer to the power supply.
+
for common stop uncomment:
 +
  c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
  
−
===Project-Specific Noise===
+
=Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233=  
  
−
;Radiation Environment and Inability to Use Active-Network Noise Cancellation Techniques
+
; Photons
  
−
Techniques such as passive filtering, shielding, and special design techniques in the layout were employed by default and necessity.
+
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_CO2.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar_CO2.png | 150 px]]
  
−
;GEM Trigger Pulse
+
Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html
  
−
;Frequency Dependent Noise
 
  
−
;Thermal Noise of the GEM High-voltage Distribution Network
+
;Electrons
  
−
=Summary Sorma 2012=
+
[[File: electron_ion_Ar.png | 150 px]]
  
−
Due to the  demand on robust, economical, large active area compatible and gamma discriminating detectors, we started our work to build then measure the efficiency of Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier Preamplifiers (THGEM) as a Neutron Sensitive Detector in the range of 1-14 MeV. The THGEM is constructed using an FR4 substrate that has been coated with a resistive paste or a thin layer of copper. A staggered array of millimeter size holes are machined in the THGEM. The resistive paste is removed from the perimeter of the holes in order to reduce the spark discharge probability. By doping the resistive paste with a neutron sensitive material A determination of the neutron sensitive material type and optimal doping strategy to produces a high detection efficiency.
+
Ref. :
  
−
=ACNS 2012=
+
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75  [[File: electron_ionization_Ar.pdf]]
  
−
A neutron detector is being constructed that uses Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier preamplifiers (THGEM) and a thin film of a fissionable material.  The THGEM is constructed using an FR4 substrate that has been coated with a resistive paste to reduce disharge events uncorrelated with an incident neutron. A staggered array of millimeter size holes are machined in the THGEM. The detector includes a segmented charge collector which is used to determine the potisiton of the neutron as it enters the detector's acceptance.  The detector's efficiency for neutrons having energies between 1 and 14 MeV will be quantified using an accelerator based neutron source.
 
  
 +
;Alpha Particles
  
−
= The Gaol in participating in ACNS school=
+
[[File: alpha_ionization.png | 150 px]]
  
−
Being a neutron detector research student, I am always interested  in all neutron science developments and applications. A recent goal of my work is developing  a fast response neutron detector using THGEM  (thick gaseous electron multiplier) preamplifier, and neutron imaging using segmented charge collector technology. Such a combination between two technologies requires a knowledge of the latest neutron detectors' uses and of other instrumentation used in experiments. Participating in your school is a step to gain  experience in this field, and offers a golden opportunity to communicate with specialists and scientists who have remarkable achievements in this field.
+
Ref. :
  
−
=ISU research symposium=
+
http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/
  
−
http://www.isu.edu/bulletinboard/student/xcall-03_19_2012_so.html
+
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75
  
−
Due to the demand on robust, economical, large active area and gamma discriminating detectors, we started our work to build then measure the efficiency of Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier Preamplifier (THGEM) as a Neutron Sensitive Detector in the range of 1-14 MeV. The THGEM is constructed using an FR4 substrate that has been coated with a resistive paste or a thin layer of copper. A staggered array of millimeter size holes are machined in the THGEM. The resistive paste is removed from the perimeter of the holes in order to reduce the spark discharge probability. Basically ,  the incident  particle causes an ionization within the active area, most of the free electrons will drift through the holes by the the electric field causing an electron multiplication. The project THGEM model has a hole diameter of 0.5mm and rim size of 0.2mm, which allows the voltage between the top and bottom side of the Preamplifier to go up to 2kV. We are expecting a gain of 105  electron when a gas chamber filled 90/10%  Ar/CO2 gas mixture has four THGEM Preamplifiers, each has a voltage close to 2kV. By doping the resistive paste with a neutron sensitive material A determination of the neutron sensitive material type and optimal doping strategy to produce a high detection efficiency.
+
=Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator=
  
−
[[File:form.doc]]
+
;Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
  
−
=THGEM test 2/15/12=
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Date || Time || No. of Counts (counts)||  Count rate (counts/min)
 +
|-
 +
|07/09/14 || 1066 || 659005 || 618
 +
|-
 +
|07/10/14 || 538 || 368974 || 686
 +
|-
  
−
Four THGEM Card Model were tested and the pulses below were observed.
 
  
−
The distances in of : Cathode is 11.5mm, THGEM card distance is 4.6mm, readout distance : 6.9mm
 
  
−
Nothing is observed on the readout card!
+
|}
  
  
−
[[File:ATHGEM_copper_trigout_HV7.7k_2_15_12.png |200px]]
 
  
 +
;Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source
  
−
=THGEM#9  test 12/23/12=
+
Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.
  
−
  Don't increase voltage and risk a spark!
+
The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.
  
−
Measure the rate using a scaler to determine if ithere is a difference between shutter open/clsoed.
 
  
−
  Perform as many measurement as possible before raising voltage.
+
[[File: GEM_triple_smallpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_bigpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_twopeaks.png | 150 px]]
  
−
  If the rate changes with the shutter, move the DAQ from the HRRl control room back into the LDS and prepare to use an ADC.
+
=Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding=
  
 +
; Without source
  
−
Three of THGEM#9 Cards Model were tested and the pulses below were observed.
+
The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator  . Neither closing  the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box  did  make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.
  
−
The distances in of : Cathode is 3.4mm, THGEM card distance is 2.4mm, readout distance 2mm.
 
  
−
The voltage distribution in Volts as the following:
+
;With a source
 +
 
 +
=Background count rate=
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>||
+
|Date || Time || PSD_e (counts)|| PSD_e (counts/min) || LED (low disctrinimation)(counts)||LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min)|| LED (high disctrinimation) (counts)|| LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
−
picture
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3089 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 || 995 || 100 || 895 || [[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_23_12_1.png |60px]]
+
|07/01/14 || 1166 || 56671 || 49 || 2936748 || 2519 || 10 || 0.009
 +
|-
 +
|07/01/14 || 231 || 10529 ||   || 572657 || || 1542 ||  
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Te cathode voltage was increased gradually up to 4089V, it affected the pulse rate, but not its height.
+
= data graphs=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;<math>S_{HLE}</math>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: B_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.
−
|-
+
 
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>||
+
 
−
picture
+
;<math>S_{PSD}</math>
−
|-
+
 
−
| 4089 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 ||  995 || 100 || 895 || [[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_23_12_c1000_1.png |60px]] ||[[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_23_12_c1000_2.png |60px]]|| [[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_23_12_c1000_3.png |60px]]
+
 
−
|}
+
[[File: S_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Small=<math>S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}</math>
 +
 
 +
=Testing GEM Experiment  test 10/23/13=
 +
 
 +
The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.
  
−
Closing the shutter affected only the pulse rate of the pulse in the  3rd picture.
+
The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.
  
−
;Increasing the Voltage of THGEM-1
 
  
−
The voltage of THGEM-1 increased to 300V more compared the to the its voltage in the first table. The results were as the following:
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>||
+
| shutter close || [[File: GEM_close_1.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close_2.png | 40 px]]
−
picture
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4600 || 3250 || 2450 || 800|| 2000 || 1250 || 750 ||  885 || 100 || 785 || [[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_24_12_t1300_1.png |60px]] ||[[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_24_12_t1300_2.png |60px]]|| [[File:THGEM-9_copper_12_24_12_t1300_3.png |60px]]
+
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_1.png | 40 px ]]|| [[File: GEM_open_2.png | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open_3.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_open_4.png | 40 px]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=THGEM#9 Counting Experiment  test 1/4/13=
 
=THGEM#9 Counting Experiment  test 1/4/13=
  
−
The same setup above for THGEM#9 is used for a counting experiment.
 
  
−
The aim is to compare the number of counts in an hour for three different cases:
+
[[THGEM#9 Counting Experiment]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM HV-divider circuit=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.
  
−
case 1-The alpha source's shutter is closed.
+
<center>[[Image:GEM_HV_Dist_Net.jpg | 100px]]</center>
  
−
case 2- The alpha source's shutter is closed and a gamma source (Co-60) placed on the detector's entrance window.
 
  
−
case 3-The alpha source's shutter is open the gamma source is removed
+
The table below shows value of the voltage on each  preamplifier's side relative to ground.
  
−
case 4-The alpha source's shutter is open and a  gamma source (Co-60) is placed on the detector's entrance window.
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>
+
| <math> V_{source} \pm 1 </math>  || <math> V_{G1T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G1B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_1 \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_2 \pm 1</math> || <math> V_{G3T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G3B} \pm 1 </math> || <math> \Delta V_3 \pm 1 </math>
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4200 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 ||  950 || 100 || 850  
+
| 2550 || 2579 ||  2259 ||304 || 1671|| 1394 || 279 ||  818|| 570 ||245 
 +
|-
 +
| 2600 || 2630 ||  2303 ||310 || 1704|| 1421 || 285 ||834|| 581 || 250
 +
|-
 +
| 2650 || 2680 || 2348 || 316|| 1737||  1449  || 290 || 850|| 592 || 255
 +
|-
 +
| 2700 || 2731 || 2393 ||322 || 1770|| 1476 ||296 ||866|| 603 || 260
 +
|-
 +
| 2750 || 2781 ||  2373|| 328 || 1803|| 1503 || 302 ||882|| 614 ||264
 +
|-
 +
| 2800 || 2832 ||  2482|| 332 || 1836|| 1530|| 307 || 898|| 625 || 269
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
;Experimental Setup
+
The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).
  
−
Trigout-> 474 ortec timing filter amp. -> EGG&G ESN CF4000-01 discriminator (5 mV threshold)  -> tennelec TC534 counter and timer.
+
the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.
  
 +
= GEM alpha-Beta detector counter=
 +
[[GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter]]
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS=
−
|-
+
 
−
| case # ||case 1  || case 2 || case 3
+
==GEM Detector==
−
|-
+
 
−
|   counts/hr ||  462      ||      2400        || 2759 
+
[[GEM performance QDC data graphs]]
−
|}
+
 
 +
[[Calibrating GEM detector]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Electronics Flow Chart==
 +
 
 +
[[File:LDS_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==GEM Detector and Scintillator==
 +
 
 +
[[GEM and Sci. data and measuurements]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC=
 +
 
 +
Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.
 +
 
 +
Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator
 +
 
 +
Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
 +
 
 +
;Summary
 +
 
 +
The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.
 +
 
 +
These modifications are:
 +
 
 +
1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)
 +
 
 +
2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)
 +
 
 +
Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.
 +
 
 +
3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[GEM performance data graphs]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Electronics Flow Chart==
 +
 
 +
[[File:IAC_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:IAC_n.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
=U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield=
  
−
According to the number of counts in each case:
+
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]]
 +
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]]
  
−
1- The detector detects cosmic rays (noise). (assuming the shutter stops all the alpha particles without any ionization)
+
[[File:U-233_fissionxyield_percent.png |200px]]
  
−
2- The detector is sensitive to gamma rays (2400-462 = 1938)
 
  
−
3-  The detector is sensitive to alpha particles (2759-462 = 2297) considering the same assumption above.
 
  
−
+
== What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233==
  
−
; Discriminator level-count level relationship
+
===Alpha ===
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>
+
| nuclide || Energy (MeV)
 +
|-
 +
| Pb-213  || <span style="color:red"> 8.4</span>  
 +
|-
 +
| Bi-213 || 5.9
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4359 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 ||  985 || 100 || 850
+
|At-217 ||6.3 
 +
|-
 +
|Fr-221 || 6.3
 +
|-
 +
|Th-229 ||  <span style="color:green">4.85 </span> (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
The following table represent the discriminator level and the count rate that is measured in 10 minute time interval with the shutter '''OPEN''' and 474 ortec timing filter amp. amplification is '''x6'''.
+
===Gamma===
 +
 
 +
Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , [[File:u233_day_gamma.pdf]] <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>
  
 +
The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| discriminator level (mV)  
+
| nuclide || Energy Minimum || Energy Maximum (keV)
−
! colspan="6" | Counts/min
+
|-|
 +
| U-233  || 25 || <span style="color:red"> 1,119</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (mv) || Trial 1 || trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || trial 5 || Ave \pm err 
+
| Ra-225 || 40 || 40
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5 || 80.7
+
|Ac-225 || <span style="color:green">10.5 </span> || 758.9
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 7  || 96.6
+
|Fr-221 || 96.8 || 410.7
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9  || 36.8
+
|At-217 || 140 || 593.1
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12 || 11.2
+
|Bi-213 || 323.81 || <span style="color:red">1,119.4 </span>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Beta===
 +
   
 +
Beta particles are  emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>
 +
 
 +
[[File:U-233_decay_beta_energy.jpg |200px]]
 +
 
 +
U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV.
 +
 
 +
Insert energy distribution for Betas
 +
 
 +
The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and  their half lives:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 15 || 5.1
+
|Nuclides || energy (MeV) || half life
 
|-
 
|-
−
|18 || 3.7
+
| <math>Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}</math> ||<span style="color:green">0.357 </span> || 14d.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|20 || 3.2
+
|<math>Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}</math> || 1.426 || 46min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|50  ||0
+
|<math>Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}</math> || <span style="color:red">1.981 </span> || 2.2 min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 75 || 0.1
+
|<math>Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}</math> || 0.644 || 3.25h
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100||0
+
|<math>Bi^{209}</math> || 1.893 || stable
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
==What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter==
 +
 +
 +
=== electron shutter penetration===
 +
 +
The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.
 +
 +
[[File:E_spectrum.png |90 px]]
  
 +
graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)
  
  
  
  
−
==U-233 fission x-section data==
+
photons below were produced by above incident electron?
 +
The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter
  
−
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]]
+
[[File:Photon_spectrum.png |90 px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.
 +
 
 +
===alpha shutter penetration===
 +
 
 +
===photons===
 +
 
 +
== Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2==
 +
 
 +
EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:SecondaryElectron_Energy_1Mevbeta.png |90 px]]
 +
 
 +
= The needed time  to observe the GEM signal=
 +
 
 +
In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.
 +
 
 +
The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.
 +
 
 +
=THGEM card tasks and tests=
 +
 
 +
;New THGEM cards:
  
 +
Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.
  
−
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]]
+
The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.
  
−
=3/28/12=
+
=GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13=
  
−
#Conical copper THGEM cards are in the machine shop and may be done by next week
+
The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.
−
#5 resistive paste cards are in the LDS
 
−
#Succeeded to run Garfield example GEM.C  (error message: couldn't reach a Garfield text file)
 
  
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| shutter close || [[File: GEM_close.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close2.jpg | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open.jpg | 40 px]]
 +
|-
 +
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_7_1.jpg | 40 px ]]
  
−
To Do:
+
|}
−
#Tomorrow install 4 THGEM cards into test chamber with advisor
 
−
#Document Garfield results from GEM.C
 
  
−
=U-238 fission cross section in EPS format for Dr. Forest=
 
  
 +
=GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used=
  
−
[[File:ENDF_GEAN4_U238_fxsection.eps |200px]]
+
The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.
  
 +
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Long bnc cable|| [[File: GEM_longcable1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_longcable2.jpg | 40 px]]
 +
|-
 +
|  Short bnc cable|| [[ File:GEM_shortcable.jpg | 40 px ]]
  
−
= 5/11/12 3-THGEM copper card detector testing results=
+
|}
  
−
* There was not any signal observed from the detector for cosmic rays or for the gamma source, the maximum voltage applied on each card (top and bottom) was 1.7 kV, and the trasmission voltage was 0.9 kV (between the cards), the distance between the cards was 2.3 mm, the same distance used to separate the cathode from the first THGEM card.
 
  
 +
=Roy's detector infomation and measurements=
  
−
* Strong sparking was observed when the applied voltage on the cards was equal or more than 1.8 kV (as the THGEM cards and the cathode were placed with the same distances mentioned before), the sparking wass not in the holes area but on the other areas around the holes on the surface of the THGEM card. The spark was strong enough to damage a 1kV rated capacitor (for the fifth time by today morning), to damage a 50 ohm terminator (0.5 W), and to cause an offset on the scilloscope channel if it was connected. (it is not recommended to connect the oscilloscope over night with the detector even if the voltage is 1.7 kV!)
+
U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:
 +
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Shutter position || Alpha particles /min.|| Beta particles /min.
 +
|-
 +
|  Open || 6879 || 900
 +
|-
 +
| Close || 1 || 38
 +
|}
  
−
* The cathode distance varied from 6.9 to 2.3 mm, but the changing the distance did not forbid creating the sparks in the holes area (for the largest seperation distance), or around the holes (for the smallest one).  
+
The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.
  
−
* The next step (if you agree) is to reproduce the results of the published paper for using the THGEM copper cards to build an alpha detector, simultaneously I repeat the testing steps using 3 resistive paste card detector in the old gas chamber, then compare the results with the THGEM copper cards' results .
+
The activity  of the source is calculated based on the solid angle <math> \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} </math>
  
−
=Efficiency of an alpha double-THGEM detector =
+
where '''A''' is the count per second
 +
and '''W''' is the detector solid angle.
  
−
Two THGEM copper foils (the foil has cone shape holes with inner diameter of 0.5 mm,and outer of 0.66mm, and a pitch distance of 1.25mm.) and a cathode was installed in the gas chamber with a separation of distance of 1mm, U-233 button source was also fixed in holes' shadow area on the cathode.
+
For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost <math>2\pi </math>, so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.
  
−
a signal observed of width of 50ns and 1.5Hz frequency (in average).
 
  
−
A counting experiment is in progress to count the trigout signal from the THGEM detector, then another counting experiment for the U-233 source will be set up using an alpha proportional counter that has an efficiency of 30% (Roy will help in providing the equipment for the second part).
+
=IAC experiment producing neutrons=
  
−
Result: the detector showed very low counting rate.
+
One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target  is simulated  outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below
  
−
==11/26/12 :Testing three copper THGEM cards (THGEM#9)==
+
[[File:moderator_nspect.png | 70 px]]
  
−
Three THGEM copper foils (the foil has cylindrical shape holes with diameter of 0.3 mm, and a pitch distance of 0.86 mm.) and a cathode was installed in the gas chamber  with a U-233 button source was also fixed in holes' shadow area on the cathode.
+
In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.
  
−
The following table shows the observation on the pulse observed as the difference voltage between top and the bottom of each card is changed.
+
[[File:exp_setup.png | 70 px]]
  
 
=References=
 
=References=
Line 841: Line 1,121:
  
 
http://134.50.203.63/
 
http://134.50.203.63/
 +
 +
 +
<references/>

Latest revision as of 03:52, 2 November 2015

HM_2014

2012

2011

2010

2009

Dissertation

11/01/2015

Measurements


File:Measurements 1.pdf File:Measurements 2.pdf File:Measurements 3.pdf


Conclusion

File:Conc.pdf

alpha calibration

Ch alphaE.png


File:Raw data all.pdf


The main peaks are for the following channel numbers, 

You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.

Ch alphap1.png Ch alphap2.png

channel Number Energy Upper limit (MeV) Energy lower limit (MeV) average energy (MeV) Notes
4828 4.90 4.79 4.85 +_ 0.02
4869 4.94 4.83 4.88 +_ 0.02

Gamma Spectrum for U-233

Gamma spect.png

Last runs

Run Number start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
9005 05/15 15:00 05/16 10:55 open off 50
9006 05/16 10:57 05/17 22:18 open on 48
9007 05/17 22:23 05/18 19:20 closed on 30
9008 05/18 21:46 05/19 19:59 closed off 30 high beta effect
9010 05/21 23:23 05/22 10:00 closed off 30 high beta effect
9023 05/26 13:06 05/26 13:17 11 open off 87 GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
9024 05/26 13:20 05/26 13:27 7 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)
9032 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 open off 87 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
9033 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9034 06/15 20:55 06/15 21:05 10 open off 45 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9035 06/15 21:06 06/13 21:16 10 closed off 27 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9036 06/17 14:48 06/17 14:58 10 closed off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9037 06/17 14:59 06/17 14:09 10 open off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV

The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.

QDC TDC PS-ADC setup

Peak sensing gate

GEM PS gate.png

QDC gate

GEM QDC gate.png


TDC start

TDC pulser.png


TDC STOP

TDC GEM.png

QDC shows a difference

QDC source on off 7724 7726.png

Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak

Changes from the former set up
  1. Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
  2. Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
Lost

PS l1.png

Detected


PS d1.pngPS d2.png


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7435 08/24/14 19:30:48 19:55:32 open on 400 a peak is noticed on channel 400
7436 08/24/14 19:59:05 20:40:11 open off 216 the peak disappeared
7438 08/24/14 19:59:05 10:00:00 open on 0.0146 triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
7444 08/25/14 21:17:25 21:20:35 open on 230 gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared Gate delay700ns.png
7446 08/25/14 21:29:51 21:38:55 open off 185 does not count for P_B. peak disappeared


Shutteropen sourceon off.png

unknown gas mixed bottle measurements

Updates

Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.

Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.

Channels and signals


device ch input source
ADC 5 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 7 15 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 5 11 PMT Left
Peak sensing 8 17 PMT right
PS translator
TDC 25 PMT L
TDC 27 GEM's trigout
TDC 29 PMT R
TDC 31 (Stopper) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
CAEN N638
TDC 17 PMT L
TDC B2 18 GEM's trigout multi-hit
TDC B6 22 GEM's B_p
TDC 21 PMT R
TDC 6 30 (pulser) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
TDC 7 23 delayed GEM's trigout


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7273 08/06/14 07:10:38 11:41:00 12502 open off 67 0.1 flow rate
7274 08/06/14 11:49:35 18:15:01 23126 closed off 39 0.1 flow rate
7275 08/06/14 20:37:07 09:10:10 closed off 40 0.2 flow rate
7276 08/06/14 09:15:00 09:32:00 open off 80 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
7277 08/06/14 09:33:08 11:40:42 7654 open off 81 0.2
7295 08/08/14 17:36:58 19:55:59 4741 closed off 60 0.2
7296 08/08/14 22:28:01 23:43:14 closed off 58 0.3
7297 08/08/14 23:48:14 12:08:00 37186 open off 93 0.3
7298 08/09/14 00:16:14 06:08:03 21109 closed off 56 0.3
7299 08/10/14 19:27:12 20:09:04 2152 closed on 107 0.1
7300 08/10/14 20:11:30 20:46:29 2099 open on 136 0.1
7302 08/11/14 06:53:14 07:22:45 1771 closed on 114 0.2
7303 08/11/14 07:26:58 07:48:01 1263 open on 167 0.2
7305 08/11/14 13:21:16 13:55:05 2029 open on 178 0.3
7306 08/11/14 14:41:00 15:40:00 3540 closed on 110 0.3
7307 08/14/14 08:14:15 08:20:39 384 closed off 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
7308 08/14/14 08:22:43 08:29:23 open off 1314 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
7309 08/14/14 08:35:09 09:45:37 4229 open off 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7310 08/14/14 09:46:12 11:18:39 5547 open off 54 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7311 08/14/14 11:19:45 13:01:57 6132 open off 52 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7312 08/14/14 13:10:50 14:28:07 4637 open off 72 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7313 08/14/14 14:30:24 15:38: 48 4056 open off 80 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7314 08/14/14 15:41: 52 16:46:55 3897 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7315 08/14/14 16:49: 59 19:14:30 8729 open on 148 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7316 08/14/14 19:18:43 22:14:07 10596 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7317 08/14/14 22:18:24 10:18:52 43220 open on 0.0095 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7318 08/15/14 10:24:00 12:42:23 8303 open on 147 0.1 flow rate
7319 08/15/14 12:46:14 15:46:09 10795 open on 148 0.1 flow rate
7323 08/15-16/14 16:59:39 06:03:11 46970 open off 0.0011 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7329 08/16/14 07:06:32 10:35:35 12543 open off 83 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
7330 08/16/14 10:41:58 12:48:33 7595 open on 146 0.1 flow rate
7331 08/16-17/14 12:52:07 06:45:03 64384 open off 0.0016 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
7332 08/17/14 06:52:26 07:04:45 739 open on 1367 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
7333 08/17/14 07:05:50 08:53:54 open on 155 0.1 flow rate
7334 08/17/14 08:57:02 13:13:38 open off 82 0.1 flow rate
7337 08/17/14 14:17:24 14:30:29 open on 1400 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V), noise measurements with the wave generator
7338 08/17/14 14:31:37 16:17:45 open on 163 0.1 flow rate
7339 08/17/14 16:20:25 16:35:45 open off 1368 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
7340 08/17/14 16:37:01 20:33:04 open off 95 0.1 flow rate
7341 08/17-18/14 20:40:16 06:18:43 open off 0.0015 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7342 08/18/14 06:25:44 06:37:43 open on 1403 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
7345 08/18/14 06:39:23 14:17:58 open on 0.0128 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7355 08/18/14 16:03:29 19:59:51 open off 75 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
7356 08/18/14 20:03:05 20:07:58 open on 2k 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
7357 08/18/14 20:08:43 22:48:22 open on 142 0.1 flow rate
7358 08/18-19/14 22:53:13 10:52:44 open on 0.0082 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
7359 08/19/14 10:55:49 10:59:52 open on 2.1k 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
7360 08/19/14 11:00:38 14:26:38 open on 156 0.1 flow rate noise measurement with 1 Hz sampling
7361 08/19/14 14:40:49 18:25:00 open on 0 0.1 flow rate with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
7362 08/19/14 18:33:15 18:38:54 open on 1.5k 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7363 08/19-20/14 18:39:46 13:39:45 open on 0.0081 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7364 08/20/14 13:44:56 13:50:57 open off 1.55k 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7367 08/20/14 15:08:27 16:49:37 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7368 08/20/14 16:53:42 17:15:49 open on 154 0.1 flow rate
7369 08/20/14 17:17:39 20:28:43 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
7479 08/27/14 10:02:21 10:42:09 open on 64 0.1 flow rate,
7480 08/27/14 10:46:18 14:17:22 open off 11 0.1 flow rate,
7481 08/27/14 14:19:33 14:43:39 close on 78 0.1 flow rate,
7488 08/27/14 16:16:37 16:48:53 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,
7491 08/27/14 18:09:27 18:59:05 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,


Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14

Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following


Source On Source Off
7507 7506
7509 7508
7511 7510
7513 7512
7515 7514
7517 7516
7519 7518
7521 7520


Unknownbootle measurements 06 13.pngUnknownbootle measurements 14 21.png


Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.

Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.

The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>

Temp signal effect.jpg

Flow rate and figures

03 flow rate

03 sourceOn.png 03 sourceoff.png 03 openOn off sub.png

02 flow rate

02 sourceOn.png 02 sourceoff.png 02 openOn off sub.png

01 flow rate

01 sourceOn.png 01 sourceoff.png

Common Start Common Stop exchange

Edit the file

cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/

as the following:

for common start comment: 

/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

for common stop uncomment: 

 c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233

Photons

Photoabosorption Ar.png Photoabosorption CO2.png Photoabosorption Ar CO2.png

Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html


Electrons

Electron ion Ar.png

Ref. :

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 File:Electron ionization Ar.pdf


Alpha Particles

Alpha ionization.png

Ref. :

http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75

Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator

Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
Date Time No. of Counts (counts) Count rate (counts/min)
07/09/14 1066 659005 618
07/10/14 538 368974 686


Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source

Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.

The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.


GEM triple smallpeak.png GEM triple bigpeak.png GEM triple twopeaks.png

Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding

Without source

The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator . Neither closing the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box did make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.


With a source

Background count rate

Date Time PSD_e (counts) PSD_e (counts/min) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
07/01/14 1166 56671 49 2936748 2519 10 0.009
07/01/14 231 10529 572657 1542


data graphs

[math]S_{HLE}[/math]


B pdaily counts.png

The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.


[math]S_{PSD}[/math]


S pdaily counts.png

The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on). 


Small=[math]S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}[/math]

Testing GEM Experiment test 10/23/13

The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.

The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.


shutter close GEM close 1.png GEM close 2.png
shutter open GEM open 1.png GEM open 2.png GEM open 3.png GEM open 4.png

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment test 1/4/13

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment

GEM HV-divider circuit

GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.

GEM HV Dist Net.jpg


The table below shows value of the voltage on each preamplifier's side relative to ground.


[math] V_{source} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_1 \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_2 \pm 1[/math] [math] V_{G3T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G3B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_3 \pm 1 [/math]
2550 2579 2259 304 1671 1394 279 818 570 245
2600 2630 2303 310 1704 1421 285 834 581 250
2650 2680 2348 316 1737 1449 290 850 592 255
2700 2731 2393 322 1770 1476 296 866 603 260
2750 2781 2373 328 1803 1503 302 882 614 264
2800 2832 2482 332 1836 1530 307 898 625 269



The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).

the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.

GEM alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS

GEM Detector

GEM performance QDC data graphs

Calibrating GEM detector


Electronics Flow Chart

LDS electronics flow chart.png


GEM Detector and Scintillator

GEM and Sci. data and measuurements

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC

Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.

Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator

Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
Summary

The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.

These modifications are:

1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)

2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)

Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.

3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.


GEM performance data graphs


Electronics Flow Chart

IAC electronics flow chart.png


200px

U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield

U-233 fissionxsection 0.01-100MeV.gif U-233 fissionxsection fullenergyrange.gif

U-233 fissionxyield percent.png


What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233

Alpha

nuclide Energy (MeV)
Pb-213 8.4
Bi-213 5.9
At-217 6.3
Fr-221 6.3
Th-229 4.85 (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)

Gamma

Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , File:U233 day gamma.pdf <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>

The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .

nuclide Energy Minimum Energy Maximum (keV)
U-233 25 1,119
Ra-225 40 40
Ac-225 10.5 758.9
Fr-221 96.8 410.7
At-217 140 593.1
Bi-213 323.81 1,119.4


Beta

Beta particles are emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>

U-233 decay beta energy.jpg

U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV. 

Insert energy distribution for Betas

The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and their half lives:


Nuclides energy (MeV) half life
[math]Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}[/math] 0.357 14d.
[math]Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}[/math] 1.426 46min.
[math]Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}[/math] 1.981 2.2 min.
[math]Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}[/math] 0.644 3.25h
[math]Bi^{209}[/math] 1.893 stable

What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter

electron shutter penetration

The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.

E spectrum.png 

graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)




photons below were produced by above incident electron?

The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter

Photon spectrum.png


Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.

alpha shutter penetration

photons

Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2

EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).


SecondaryElectron Energy 1Mevbeta.png

The needed time to observe the GEM signal

In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.

The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.

THGEM card tasks and tests

New THGEM cards

Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.

The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.

GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13

The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.

shutter close GEM close.jpg GEM close1.jpg GEM close2.jpg GEM open.jpg
shutter open GEM open 7 1.jpg


GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used

The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.


Long bnc cable GEM longcable1.jpg GEM longcable2.jpg
Short bnc cable GEM shortcable.jpg


Roy's detector infomation and measurements

U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:

Shutter position Alpha particles /min. Beta particles /min.
Open 6879 900
Close 1 38

The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.

The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle [math] \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} [/math]

where A is the count per second and W is the detector solid angle.

For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost [math]2\pi [/math], so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.


IAC experiment producing neutrons

One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target is simulated outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below

Moderator nspect.png

In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.

Exp setup.png

References

THGEM design

THGEM#9

Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf


Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf

Electric field Simulation

Rim size dependence

File:THGEM Efield simulation.pdf


2010 THGEM design(s)

File:THGEM 2009 design gas efficiency.pdf


Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter 

Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections


http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum


http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002

http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html

http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119

NIM_A535_2004_93[1]


File:NIM A590 2008 pg134 Eberhardt.pdf Prep Targets

Neutron cross sections for different elements Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf

http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/

Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg

Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg

Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg

Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg

Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg

Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg

Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg

Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf

File:NSAE 151 2005 319-334 Y.D. Lee.pdf

TGEM-2009 File:TGEM 2009.pdf

12 Volt power supply system.

http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf

http://electrontube.com.Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board

http://wikipedia.org

A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos

GEANT4_Paticles_Models[2]

Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html

RETGEMs

Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf‎


Media:2010_INST_5_P03002.pdf‎

Thick GEM COBRA

Media:THGEM_COBRA_08_10.pdf‎


Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf

Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf

Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf

http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm


http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1

Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[3]

Stainless Steel deflection [4]

Data Sheets

radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD File:Radioactive surface cleaner.pdf.

Th-Xsection references

File:Th-232 fxsection Behrens 0.7-1.4MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Blons 1975 1.2-1.8MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection ermagambetov 0-3MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Henkel 0-9MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Ohsawa original.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection pankratov 3-35MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection protopopov distancefromthesource.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection rago 12.5-18MeV.pdf

U-238-Xsection and coating references

relative cross section and calibration samples characteristics for a well determined number of fissions per second

File:Eismont relative absolute nf induced intermediate energy.pdf


U_238 cross section error analysis

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 File:U238-xsection.pdf

U_238 (0.5-4MeV) and Th_232 (1-6MeV) fission cross section with statistical error.File:Th-232 U238 xsetion data ebars.txt


File:Pankratov fxsection Th232 U233 U235 Np237 U238 5-37MeV.pdf


Thorium Coating

ThF4 target for sputtering coatings

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm

Machining Uranium

Uranium will ignite in powder form


http://www.springerlink.com/content/rr072r52163x0833/

coating Uranium


[[5]]

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172

Calorimeters/Detectors: DU sheet is in wide-scale use as an absorber material in high-energy physics research at large accelerator laboratories. The high atomic number and density of DU presents a large number of atoms per unit volume to interact with the particles emerging from collisions in these detectors. Also the slight background radiation from DU enables in situ calibration of the electronic read out devices within such detectors, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

http://www.2spi.com/catalog/chem/depleted-uranium-products.html


[6]

[7]

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library [8]
Data Acquisition

Warren_logbook[9]


Warren_Thesis [10]

Related To Gaseous Detectors

Breakdown and Detector Failure (10/21/10)

Different kind of micro-pattern detectors



References

1- A. Bressan, M. Hocha : NIM A 424 (1999) 321—342 File:High rate behavior and discharge limits in micro-pattern detectors .pdf

2- Fonte and Peskov IEEE 1999 :File:Fundamental limitations of high rate gaseous detectors.pdf

3- B. Schmidt: NIM A 419 (1998) 230—238 File:Microstrip gas chambers Recent developments radiation damage.pdf

Ideas

1.) Can we mix resistive paste (Encre MINICO) with TH-232. We construct a "bed of nails" to place a predrilled G-10 board with a copper border. The nails fill in the holes of the G-10 to keep the paste out. Ecre MINICO is a resistive paste used for transistors.

a.) Get some resistive paste.


http://www.leggesystems.com/p-253-elimstat-uxm-ccp.aspx

Resistive glue to compare

File:Duralco 4461.pdf


http://www.ellsworth.com/conformal.html?tab=Products

http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=764&Tab=Products


http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=2067&Tab=Products

http://www.cotronics.com/vo/cotr/ea_electricalresistant.htm


b.) mix with a metal similar to Th-232.

c.) construct bed of 0.4 mm nails. Look for 0.4 mm diameter pins.

7/31/2009

New vendor for carbon paste.

http://www.electrapolymers.com/productItem.asp?id=33

The data sheet does not show any information about the thickness of the paste.

The company has a distributor in the usa (877)-867-9668. A phone call is expected on Sat. 8/3/2009 about the availability of the product.

TGEM Mask Design

Coating U-238 or Th-232 is essential for neutron detection in the range 2-14 MeV, but THGEM contains holes that should be protected from any coating material. So, a mask is designed to cover these holes. The holes are in drilled to be on the corners of hexagonal of 1mm side length as in the figure:

Hexagonal representaion holes 04mm 1mmc2c.jpg


The mask is made of stainless steel, 10 um laser tolerance with cut the plate to get the shape in the figure:

Holes covered by mask.jpeg

Please look at the following files for more details:

Make number bold black font. Add color so it is clear that they are holes in a material.

File:Copper foil 04mm.pdf

File:Holes mask together.pdf


TGEM_Mask_Design

P_D

Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector

H_Proposal_Defense

Vendor

Thick Film Screen Printers

http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers

http://www.marubeni-sunnyvale.com/screen_printing.html

Go Back TGEMS


tektronix oscilloscope

134.50.3.73


http://134.50.203.63/ 


<references/>
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