Difference between revisions of "Neutron TGEM Detector Abdel"

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 +
[[HM_2014]]
 +
 
[[2012]]
 
[[2012]]
  
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[[2009]]
 
[[2009]]
  
−
=THGEM#9 Counting Experiment  test 1/4/13=
+
=Dissertation=
 +
 
 +
;11/01/2015
 +
 
 +
Measurements
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:measurements_1.pdf]]
 +
[[File:measurements_2.pdf]]
 +
[[File:measurements_3.pdf]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Conclusion
 +
 
 +
[[File:conc.pdf]]
 +
 
 +
=alpha calibration=
 +
 
 +
[[File:ch_alphaE.png | 150px]]
  
−
The same setup above for THGEM#9 is used for a counting experiment.
 
  
−
The aim is to compare the number of counts in an hour for three different cases:
+
[[File:Raw_data_all.pdf]]
  
−
case 1-The alpha source's shutter is closed.
 
  
−
case 2- The alpha source's shutter is closed and a gamma source (Co-60) placed on the detector's entrance window.
+
The main peaks are for the following channel numbers,
  
−
case 3-The alpha source's shutter is open the gamma source is removed
+
You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.
  
−
case 4-The alpha source's shutter is open and a  gamma source (Co-60) is placed on the detector's entrance window.
+
[[File:ch_alphap1.png | 150px]]
 +
[[File:ch_alphap2.png | 150px]]
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>
+
|channel Number|| Energy Upper limit (MeV)|| Energy lower limit (MeV)|| average energy (MeV)|| Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4200 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 || 950 || 100 || 850
+
| 4828 || 4.90 || 4.79 || 4.85 +_ 0.02 ||
 +
|-
 +
| 4869 || 4.94 || 4.83 || 4.88 +_ 0.02 ||  
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=Gamma Spectrum for U-233=
  
−
;Experimental Setup
+
[[File:gamma_spect.png | 150px]]
  
−
Trigout-> 474 ortec timing filter amp. -> EGG&G ESN CF4000-01 discriminator  (5 mV threshold)  -> tennelec TC534 counter and timer. 
+
= Last runs=
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| case # ||case 1 || case 2 || case 3   
+
|Run Number||start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|9005 || 05/15 15:00 || 05/16 10:55 || || open || off || 50 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9006 || 05/16 10:57 || 05/17 22:18  || || open || on ||  48||
 +
|-
 +
|9007 || 05/17 22:23 ||  05/18 19:20 || || closed || on || 30 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9008 || 05/18 21:46 ||  05/19 19:59 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9010 || 05/21 23:23 ||  05/22 10:00 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9023 || 05/26 13:06 || 05/26 13:17|| 11 || open || off || 87 ||  GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
 +
|-
 +
|9024 || 05/26 13:20 || 05/26 13:27|| 7 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)
 +
|-
 +
|9032 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || open || off || 87 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
 +
|-
 +
|9033 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9034 || 06/15 20:55 || 06/15 21:05|| 10 || open || off || 45 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9035 || 06/15 21:06 || 06/13 21:16|| 10 || closed || off || 27 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9036 || 06/17 14:48 || 06/17 14:58|| 10 || closed || off || 28 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 +
|-
 +
|9037 || 06/17 14:59 || 06/17 14:09|| 10 || open || off || 28 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/hr ||  462      ||      2400        || 2759 
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
According to the number of counts in each case:
+
The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.
 +
 
 +
=QDC TDC PS-ADC setup=
 +
 
 +
;Peak sensing gate
 +
 
 +
[[File: GEM_PS_gate.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
;QDC gate
 +
 
 +
[[File: GEM_QDC_gate.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;TDC start
  
−
1- The detector detects cosmic rays (noise). (assuming the shutter stops all the alpha particles without any ionization)
+
[[File: TDC_pulser.png | 300 px]]
  
−
2- The detector is sensitive to gamma rays (2400-462 = 1938)
 
  
−
3-  The detector is sensitive to alpha particles (2759-462 = 2297) considering the same assumption above.
+
;TDC STOP
 +
 
 +
[[File: TDC_GEM.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
;QDC shows a difference
 +
 
 +
[[File: QDC_source_on_off_7724_7726.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
=Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak =
 +
 
 +
;Changes from the former set up
 +
 
 +
# Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
 +
#Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
 +
 
 +
;Lost
 +
 
 +
[[File: PS_l1.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
;Detected
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: PS_d1.png | 300 px]][[File: PS_d2.png | 300 px]]
  
−
 
−
== Discriminator level-count level relationship ==
 
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>
+
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|7435 || 08/24/14|| 19:30:48 || 19:55:32 || || open || on || 400 || a peak is noticed on channel 400
 +
|-
 +
|7436 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 20:40:11 || || open || off || 216 || the peak disappeared
 +
|-
 +
|7438 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 10:00:00 || || open || on || 0.0146 || triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
 +
|-
 +
|7444 || 08/25/14|| 21:17:25 ||  21:20:35|| || open || on || 230 || gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared [[File: gate delay700ns.png | 300 px]]
 +
|-
 +
|7446 || 08/25/14|| 21:29:51|| 21:38:55 || || open || off ||  185 || does not count for P_B. peak disappeared
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4359 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 ||  985 || 100 || 850
+
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
The following table represent the discriminator level and the count rate that is measured in 10 minute time interval with the shutter '''OPEN''' and 474 ortec timing filter amp. amplification is '''x6'''.
+
 
 +
[[File: shutteropen_sourceon_off.png | 300 px]]
 +
 
 +
= unknown gas mixed bottle measurements=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
; Updates
 +
 
 +
Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.
 +
 
 +
Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.
 +
 
 +
; Channels and signals
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| discriminator level
+
|device|| ch || input source
−
! colspan="6" | Counts/min
+
|-
 +
| ADC || 5 || GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 7|| 15 ||  GEM's trigout
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (mv) || Trial 1 || trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || trial 5 || Ave <math>\pm</math> err  
+
| Peak sensing 5 || 11 ||  PMT Left
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5  || 80.7 || 104.2 || 67.4 || 64.5 || 72.8
+
| Peak sensing 8|| 17 || PMT right
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 7  || 96.6
+
|PS translator ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8 ||
+
|TDC || 25 || PMT L
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9  || 36.8
+
|TDC|| 27 || GEM's trigout
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10 ||
+
| TDC || 29 || PMT R
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12  || 11.2
+
| TDC || 31 (Stopper) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|13 ||
+
|CAEN N638
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 15 || 5.1
+
|TDC || 17 || PMT L
 
|-
 
|-
−
|18 || 3.7
+
|TDC B2||  18|| GEM's trigout multi-hit
 
|-
 
|-
−
|20 || 3.2
+
|TDC B6|| 22|| GEM's B_p
 
|-
 
|-
−
|50  ||0
+
| TDC || 21 || PMT R
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 75 || 0.1
+
| TDC 6 || 30 (pulser) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100||0
+
|TDC 7 || 23|| delayed GEM's trigout
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Counting Experiment using Leading Edge discriminator (Lecroy 623b)===
 
  
−
The same setup above for THGEM#9 is used for a counting experiment.
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
| 7273|| 08/06/14 || 07:10:38 || 11:41:00 ||  12502 || open || off || 67 || 0.1 flow rate
  
−
The aim is to compare the number of counts for three different cases:
+
|-
 +
| 7274|| 08/06/14 || 11:49:35 || 18:15:01 ||  23126 || closed || off || 39 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| 7275|| 08/06/14 || 20:37:07 ||  09:10:10||  || closed || off || 40 || 0.2 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7276|| 08/06/14 || 09:15:00 ||  09:32:00||  || open || off || 80 || 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
 +
|-
 +
| 7277|| 08/06/14 ||  09:33:08 || 11:40:42||  7654 || open || off ||  81 || 0.2
 +
|-
 +
| 7295|| 08/08/14 ||  17:36:58 || 19:55:59|| 4741  || closed || off ||  60 || 0.2
  
−
case 1-The alpha source's shutter is closed.
+
|-
 +
| 7296|| 08/08/14 ||  22:28:01 || 23:43:14||  || closed || off ||  58 || 0.3
 +
|-
 +
| 7297|| 08/08/14 ||  23:48:14|| 12:08:00  || 37186|| open || off ||  93 || 0.3
 +
|-
 +
| 7298|| 08/09/14 ||  00:16:14||  06:08:03 ||21109 ||closed || off ||  56 || 0.3
  
−
case 2- The alpha source's shutter is closed and a gamma source (Co-60) placed on the detector's entrance window.
+
|-
 +
| 7299|| 08/10/14 ||  19:27:12||  20:09:04 || 2152||closed || on ||  107 || 0.1
  
−
case 3-The alpha source's shutter is open the gamma source is removed
+
|-
 +
| 7300|| 08/10/14 ||  20:11:30||  20:46:29 ||2099 ||open || on ||  136 || 0.1
  
−
case 4-The alpha source's shutter is open and a gamma source (Co-60) is placed on the detector's entrance window.
+
|-
 +
| 7302|| 08/11/14 || 06:53:14||  07:22:45 || 1771||closed || on ||  114 || 0.2
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|V_cathode || THGEM_1T || THGEM_1B || <math>\Delta V1 </math>|| THGEM_2T || THGEM_2B || <math>\Delta V2 </math>|| THGEM_3T || THGEM_3B || <math>\Delta V3 </math>
+
| 7303|| 08/11/14 || 07:26:58|| 07:48:01 || 1263||open || on || 167 || 0.2
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4200 || 2950 || 2450 || 500|| 1950 || 1200 || 750 ||  950 || 100 || 850
+
| 7305|| 08/11/14 || 13:21:16|| 13:55:05 || 2029||open || on ||  178 || 0.3
−
|}
 
−
 
−
The amplifier amplification affect the count rate, the follwing table shows the effect as the discrimination level is 1.19V :
 
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Amplification || Count rate (Count/min)
+
| 7306|| 08/11/14 ||  14:41:00||  15:40:00 || 3540||closed || on ||  110 || 0.3
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| x10            || 1.37x10^7
+
| 7307|| 08/14/14 ||  08:14:15||  08:20:39 || 384||closed || off ||  || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| X6  || 1151
+
| 7308|| 08/14/14 ||  08:22:43||  08:29:23 || ||open || off ||  1314 || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
 
|-
 
|-
−
| x4 || 9
+
| 7309|| 08/14/14 || 08:35:09 || 09:45:37 || 4229  || open || off ||  || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| x2 ||1
+
| 7310|| 08/14/14 || 09:46:12 || 11:18:39 ||  5547 || open || off || 54 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| x1 || 1
+
| 7311|| 08/14/14 || 11:19:45 || 13:01:57 ||  6132 || open || off || 52 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
−
|}
 
  
−
based on the above table, the amplification is chosen to be '''x6''' for the measurement below.
+
|-
 +
| 7312|| 08/14/14 ||  13:10:50 || 14:28:07||  4637 || open || off || 72 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| case # ||  case 1  || case 2 || case 3 ||  case 4 || Notes
+
| 7313|| 08/14/14 ||  14:30:24|| 15:38: 48||  4056  || open || off || 80 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7314|| 08/14/14 || 15:41: 52||  16:46:55  || 3897|| open || on || 147 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7315|| 08/14/14 ||  16:49: 59||  19:14:30  ||8729|| open || on || 148 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7316|| 08/14/14 ||  19:18:43 || 22:14:07  ||10596 || open || on ||147  || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   counts/min ||  1.55 x 10^7 ||       ||               ||   || disc. level = 0.30V (700 mV sq.p-p)
+
| 7317|| 08/14/14 ||  22:18:24 || 10:18:52 || 43220|| open || on || 0.0095|| 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min || 2.08 x10^6  ||        ||              ||  || disc. level = 0.53 mV (1.8V sq.p-p)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   counts/min || 6902 ||       ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.1 V (3V sq.p-p)
+
| 7318|| 08/15/14 ||  10:24:00 || 12:42:23  || 8303|| open || on || 147  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min || 3222  ||       ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.2 V
+
| 7319|| 08/15/14 ||  12:46:14 || 15:46:09 || 10795|| open || on || 148  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min || 1469  ||       ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.3 V 
+
| 7323|| 08/15-16/14 ||  16:59:39 || 06:03:11 || 46970|| open || off || 0.0011  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   counts/min || 680  ||       ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.4 V 
+
| 7329|| 08/16/14 ||   07:06:32 || 10:35:35 || 12543|| open || off || 83 || 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
−
|-
 
−
|   counts/min ||  113 ||        ||               ||  || disc. level = 1.5 V 
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min || 64  ||     84  ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.62 V (4V sq.p-p)
+
| 7330|| 08/16/14 ||  10:41:58 || 12:48:33 || 7595 || open || on || 146 || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   counts/min || 10 ||     11  ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.7 V
+
| 7331|| 08/16-17/14 ||   12:52:07 || 06:45:03 || 64384 || open || off || 0.0016  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   counts/min ||  ||       ||               ||  || disc. level = 1.8 V
+
| 7332|| 08/17/14 ||  06:52:26 || 07:04:45|| 739 || open || on || 1367   || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min ||  10 ||       9 ||               ||   || disc. level = 1.9 V
+
| 7333|| 08/17/14 ||  07:05:50 || 08:53:54 ||  || open || on || 155  || 0.1 flow rate
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  counts/min ||  7 ||      9 ||              ||  || disc. level = 2 V
 
−
|}
 
  
−
=Alpha-Beta detector counter=
+
| 7334|| 08/17/14 ||  08:57:02 || 13:13:38 ||  || open || off ||  82 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7337|| 08/17/14 ||  14:17:24 ||  14:30:29||  || open || on ||  1400 || 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V),  noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
 +
|7338|| 08/17/14 ||  14:31:37|| 16:17:45||  || open || on || 163  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
  
−
===GEM before modification===
+
|7339|| 08/17/14 ||  16:20:25|| 16:35:45 || || open || off || 1368  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
  
−
GEM detector was operated without U-233 source inside the chamber, the detector's counting rate  relationship with the applied voltage on the cathode was investigated and the result is shown by the following figure:
+
|7340|| 08/17/14 ||  16:37:01 || 20:33:04||  || open || off || 95  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7341|| 08/17-18/14 ||  20:40:16|| 06:18:43 || || open || off || 0.0015  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7342|| 08/18/14 ||  06:25:44 || 06:37:43 || || open || on || 1403  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
 +
|-
 +
|7345|| 08/18/14 || 06:39:23 || 14:17:58 || || open || on ||0.0128  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7355|| 08/18/14 ||  16:03:29 ||  19:59:51|| || open || off || 75  || 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
 +
|-
 +
|7356|| 08/18/14 ||  20:03:05|| 20:07:58 || || open || on || 2k  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
 +
|-
 +
|7357|| 08/18/14 ||  20:08:43 || 22:48:22 |||| open || on || 142  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7358|| 08/18-19/14 ||  22:53:13 || 10:52:44|| || open || on || 0.0082  || 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7359|| 08/19/14 ||  10:55:49|| 10:59:52 || || open || on || 2.1k  || 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
 +
|-
  
−
[[File:  GEM_CATH_BEFORE.png |200px]]
+
|7360|| 08/19/14 ||  11:00:38|| 14:26:38|| || open || on ||  156|| 0.1 flow rate  noise measurement with  1 Hz sampling
 +
|-
 +
|7361|| 08/19/14 ||  14:40:49||18:25:00 || open || on || 0 || 0.1 flow rate  with  1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
 +
|-
 +
|7362|| 08/19/14 ||  18:33:15||  18:38:54|| ||open || on ||1.5k  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 +
|-
 +
|7363|| 08/19-20/14 ||  18:39:46||  13:39:45|| ||open || on ||0.0081  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 +
|-
 +
|7364|| 08/20/14 ||  13:44:56|| 13:50:57 ||  ||open || off || 1.55k  || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 +
|-
 +
|7367|| 08/20/14 ||  15:08:27 || 16:49:37 || ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 +
|-
 +
|7368|| 08/20/14 ||  16:53:42||  17:15:49||  ||open || on || 154  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7369|| 08/20/14 ||  17:17:39|| 20:28:43||  ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
 +
|-
 +
|7479|| 08/27/14 ||  10:02:21|| 10:42:09||  ||open || on || 64  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7480|| 08/27/14 ||  10:46:18||  14:17:22 || ||open || off || 11  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7481|| 08/27/14 ||  14:19:33 || 14:43:39 || ||close || on || 78  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7488|| 08/27/14 ||  16:16:37 || 16:48:53  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7491|| 08/27/14 ||  18:09:27 || 18:59:05  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|}
  
−
 
−
In the counting experiment, P.S. discriminator was used to discriminate againt the noise, the relationship between the count rate and the discrimination level (without changing the applied voltages on GEM cards and the cathode. The data is represented by the following figure:
 
  
−
[[File:  GEM_DISC_BEFORE.png |200px]]
+
==Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14==
  
−
The detector signal detected when the voltage on GEM HV-circuit was 2800V, but it was lower the noise, but raising up the voltage to 3000 V made the signal higher than the noise. So all the previous measurements observed ast he GEM HV-circuit was 3000V.
+
Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following
  
−
===GEM after modification===
 
  
−
A new cathode with thin layer of U-233 and its a FR4 shutter were added to the chamber, the distance of cathode is 8mm from the first GEM card, the distances between the GEM cards have equal distances to the ones before the modifications.
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Source On|| Source Off
 +
|-
 +
|7507 || 7506
 +
|-
 +
|7509 || 7508
 +
|-
  
−
The VFAT connectors are connected together to provide the signal of the signal of the readout plate.
+
|7511 || 7510
 +
|-
 +
|7513 || 7512
 +
|-
  
−
A signal is observed (on trigout and readout)as the voltage magnitude on the GEM HV-voltage circuit is 2800V, and the cathode is 3100V.
+
|7515 || 7514
−
 
 
−
Prelimanry count rate measurements were recorded using 474 time filter amplifier, P.S. 710 discrimonator (at 0.7V) and a counter in the following table:
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Shutter location
+
|7517 || 7516
−
! colspan="2" | Counts/min
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   close|| 2049 || 2500
+
 
 +
|7519 || 7518
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   open  || 6561 || 6360
+
|7521 || 7520
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
The high rate of counts observed as the sutter is close is due to the U-233 beta decay as shown in the figure:
 
  
−
[[File:  U-233_decay.gif |200px]]
+
[[File:unknownbootle_measurements_06_13.png | 300px]][[File:unknownbootle_measurements_14_21.png | 300px ]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.
 +
 
 +
Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.
 +
 
 +
The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>
 +
 
 +
[[File:temp_signal_effect.jpg | 300px]]
 +
 
 +
=Flow rate and figures=
 +
 
 +
;03 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 03_sourceOn.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_sourceoff.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_openOn_off_sub.png | 450 px]]
 +
;02 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 02_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:02_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: 02_openOn_off_sub.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
01 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 01_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:01_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
= Common Start Common Stop exchange=
 +
 
 +
Edit the file
 +
 
 +
cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/
 +
 
 +
as the following:
 +
 +
for common start comment:
 +
/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
 +
 
 +
for common stop uncomment:
 +
  c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
  
−
===Two Counter Counting Experiment===
+
=Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233=  
  
−
Two counters were used for counting the detector signal after installing U-233 inside the detector. The signal detected by the trigout was an input for P.S. eight channel variable gain amplifier (model 777) that had two outputs fed two types discriminators; EG&G-EN CF4000 Constant Fraction Discriminator and P.S. octal leading edge discriminator (model 710). The discrimination level of each of them allowed one of the counters (ortec 875) to count for all the amplified signal pulses produced as the shutter was close, simultaneously, the second counter to count for them as the shutter was open. (The CFD D.V. was 0.025V and 6x 474 Ortec TFA , LED D.V. was 1.52V and 1x TFA)
+
; Photons
  
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_CO2.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar_CO2.png | 150 px]]
  
−
Due to the lower pulse amplitude for the alpha particles the higher one for negative beta, decrease the detector gain may help in counting for alphas and fission fragments without counting for beta particles. Or we can use Ortec 552 (pulse shape analyzer and timer) with ortec 460 (delay shaping line amplifier).
+
Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html
  
  
−
Counting started by the lowest voltage alpha signal is observed (2.6 kV, 2.9 kV), an ortec 474 is used and it amplifies the signal up to 6x.A leading edge  P.S. 710 octal discriminator is used with a discrimination level of 150 mV.
+
;Electrons
  
 +
[[File: electron_ion_Ar.png | 150 px]]
  
−
=GEM performance data graphs=
+
Ref. :
  
 +
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75  [[File: electron_ionization_Ar.pdf]]
  
−
[[GEM performance data graphs]]
 
  
−
=U-233 fission x-section data=
+
;Alpha Particles
  
−
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]]
+
[[File: alpha_ionization.png | 150 px]]
  
 +
Ref. :
  
−
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]]
+
http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/
  
−
== What is the energy distribution of Beta and Photon from U-233==
+
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75
  
−
Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , [[File:u233_day_gamma.pdf]] <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>
+
=Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator=
  
−
The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .
+
;Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| nuclide || Energy Minimum || Energy Maximum (keV)
+
|Date || Time || No. of Counts (counts)||  Count rate (counts/min)
−
|-|
 
−
| U-233 || 25 || <span style="color:red"> 1,119</span>
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Ra-225 || 40 || 40
+
|07/09/14 || 1066 || 659005 || 618
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Ac-225 || <span style="color:green">10.5 </span> || 758.9
+
|07/10/14 || 538 || 368974 || 686
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Fr-221 || 96.8 || 410.7
+
 
−
|-
+
 
−
|At-217 || 140 || 593.1
+
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bi-213 || 323.81 || <span style="color:red">1,119.4 </span>
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
−
Negative beta particles are  emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>
 
  
−
[[File:U-233_decay_beta_energy.jpg |200px]]
 
  
 +
;Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source
 +
 +
Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.
 +
 +
The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.
 +
 +
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_smallpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_bigpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_twopeaks.png | 150 px]]
 +
 +
=Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding=
 +
 +
; Without source
 +
 +
The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator  . Neither closing  the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box  did  make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.
 +
 +
 +
;With a source
 +
 +
=Background count rate=
  
−
The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and  their half lives:
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Nuclides || energy (MeV) || half life
+
|Date || Time || PSD_e (counts)||  PSD_e (counts/min) || LED (low disctrinimation)(counts)||LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min)||  LED (high disctrinimation) (counts)|| LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <math>Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}</math> ||<span style="color:green">0.357 </span> || 14d.
+
|07/01/14 || 1166 || 56671 ||  49 || 2936748 || 2519 || 10 || 0.009
−
|-
+
|-  
−
|<math>Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}</math> || 1.426 || 46min.
+
|07/01/14 || 231 || 10529 ||   || 572657 || || 1542 ||  
−
|-
+
 
−
|<math>Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}</math> || <span style="color:red">1.981 </span> || 2.2 min.
+
 
−
|-
 
−
|<math>Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}</math> || 0.644 || 3.25h
 
−
|-
 
−
|<math>Bi^{209}</math> || 1.893 || stable
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter==
+
= data graphs=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;<math>S_{HLE}</math>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: B_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.
 +
 
  
−
=== electrons===
+
;<math>S_{PSD}</math>
−
The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.
 
  
−
[[File:E_spectrum.png |90 px]]
 
  
 +
[[File: S_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
  
−
The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter
+
The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on).
  
−
[[File:Photon_spectrum.png |90 px]]
 
  
 +
Small=<math>S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}</math>
  
−
Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.
+
=Testing GEM Experiment  test 10/23/13=
  
−
===photons===
+
The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.
  
−
== Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2==
+
The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.
  
−
EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).
 
  
  
−
[[File:SecondaryElectron_Energy_1Mevbeta.png |90 px]]
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| shutter close ||  [[File: GEM_close_1.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close_2.png | 40 px]]
 +
|-
 +
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_1.png | 40 px ]]|| [[File: GEM_open_2.png | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open_3.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_open_4.png | 40 px]]
 +
|}
  
−
== Calibrating GEM detector ==
+
=THGEM#9 Counting Experiment  test 1/4/13=
  
−
The charge of the detector detected by the trigger output, the ADC distributes the charge  over 4096 channel (12 bit CAEN V792). The aim is to calibrate the charge collected to the ADC channel number by injecting a known pulse in the wired electronics system used for detecting and processing the detector's charge.The following figure shows the the calibration curve.
 
  
−
[[File:V_channelnumber.png |90 px]]
+
[[THGEM#9 Counting Experiment]]
  
 +
=GEM HV-divider circuit=
  
−
[[File:C_channelnumber.png |90 px]]
 
  
 +
GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.
  
−
;Amplifier effect on the signal
+
<center>[[Image:GEM_HV_Dist_Net.jpg | 100px]]</center>
  
−
Ortec 474 timing filter amplifier amplifies the signal from the trigger output.The amplification  will make a shift in the channel number compared to the same signal without application. To determine exactly the shift in channel number after the amplification, a choice for an input  signal amplitude to charge the ADC just above noise, then amplifying the same input then recording the channel number (if possible). For example, generating a pulse of 0.1 V amplitude with an offset of 0.06 V using stanford research system pulse generator DG535 will hit channel 291 +_0.34 (run#4829), after the amplification it hits channel number 3767 +_0.78.
 
−
Input pulse for the attenuator is 1.80V +_ 0.045, and the attenuator output pulse is 222 +_ 2.5 mV (factor of 8.1) when is set on 17.5 dB.
 
  
−
;04/26/13
+
The table below shows value of the voltage on each  preamplifier's side relative to ground.
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || attenuation (dB) || Amplification || Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (79)|| calculated gain ||Notes
+
| <math> V_{source} \pm 1 </math>  || <math> V_{G1T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G1B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_1 \pm 1 </math>  || <math> V_{G2T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_2 \pm 1</math> || <math> V_{G3T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G3B} \pm 1 </math> || <math> \Delta V_3 \pm 1 </math>
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4853 || 0 || 0 || 880 ||801 || 0 || reference for the next two
+
| 2550 || 2579 || 2259 ||304 || 1671|| 1394 || 279 || 818|| 570 ||245  
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4854 || 2 || 0 || 553 || 474|| 4.6
+
| 2600 || 2630 || 2303 ||310 || 1704|| 1421 || 285 ||834|| 581 || 250
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4855 || 4 || 0 || 304 || 225|| 11.0
+
| 2650 || 2680 || 2348 || 316|| 1737|| 1449  || 290 || 850|| 592 || 255
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4860 || 0 || 0 || 3399 || 3320 || 0
+
| 2700 || 2731 || 2393 ||322 || 1770|| 1476 ||296 ||866|| 603 || 260
−
|-
+
|-  
−
| 4861 || 14 || 0 || 98.46 || 19.46 || 44.6
+
| 2750 || 2781 ||  2373|| 328 || 1803|| 1503 || 302 ||882|| 614 ||264
−
|-
+
|-  
−
|4862 || 0 || 0 || 3514 || 3435 || 0
+
| 2800 || 2832 || 2482|| 332 || 1836|| 1530|| 307 || 898|| 625 || 269
−
|-
+
 
−
|4863 || 14 || 0 || 133 || 54 || 36.1
+
 
−
|-
+
 
−
|4868 || 0 || 0 || 3903 || 3824 ||0
 
−
|-
 
−
|4869 || 14 || 0 || 114 || 35  || 40.8
 
−
|-
 
−
|4872 || 0 || 0 || 2974 || 2895 || 0
 
−
|-
 
−
|4846 || 24.5 || yes || 436 || 357 || 18.2
 
−
|-
 
−
|4848 || 18 || yes || 1720 || 1641 || 4.9
 
−
|-
 
−
|4849 || 20 || yes || 1213 || 1134 || 8.1
 
−
|-
 
−
|4850 || 14 || yes || 3210 || 3131 || -0.7
 
−
|-
 
−
|4851 || 16|| yes || 2365 || 2286 || 2.1
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
===04/27/13 ===
+
The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).
 +
 
 +
the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately,  ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.
 +
 
 +
= GEM alpha-Beta detector counter=
 +
[[GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS=
 +
 
 +
==GEM Detector==
  
−
unamplified input pulse passed through an attenuator, the attenuation is changed (without changing the input pulse offset of the input), the results are in the following table:
+
[[GEM performance QDC data graphs]]
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
[[Calibrating GEM detector]]
−
|-
+
 
−
| Run Number || attenuation (dB) || Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (79)|| calculated gain
+
 
−
|-
+
==Electronics Flow Chart==
−
| 4894 || 0 || 3653 || 3574 || 0
+
 
−
|-
+
[[File:LDS_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
−
|4897 || 8 || 1104 || 1025 || 10.8
+
 
−
|-
+
 
−
| 4898 || 9 || 916 || 837 || 12.6
+
==GEM Detector and Scintillator==
−
|-
+
 
−
|4899 || 6 || 1531 || 1452 || 7.8
+
[[GEM and Sci. data and measuurements]]
−
|-
 
−
| 4898 || 3 || 2380 || 2301 || 3.8
 
−
|}
 
  
−
===04/28/13===
+
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC=
−
;Amplified x4 level 4 fine gain
 
  
 +
Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
  Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator
−
|-
 
−
| Run Number || attenuation (dB) || Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (79)|| calculated gain
 
−
|-
 
−
| 4905 || 0 || 3779 || 3700 || 0
 
−
|-
 
−
| 4906 || 3 || 2580 || 2501 || 3.4
 
−
|-
 
−
|4907 || 6 || 1776 || 1679 ||  6.8
 
−
|-
 
−
|4908 || 9 || 1124 || 1045 || 10.9
 
−
|-
 
−
|4909 || 12 || 626 || 547 ||  16.6
 
−
|-
 
−
|4910 || 15 || 287 || 208 || 25
 
−
|-
 
−
| 4911 || 18 || 99 || 20 || 42.6
 
−
|}
 
  
 +
Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
  
−
===05/04/13===
+
;Summary
  
−
; Amplified x6 level 6 fine gain
+
The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.
  
 +
These modifications are:
  
−
[[File:charge_channelnumber_x6_6.png |90 px]]
+
1- The detector kipton window's area  increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)
  
 +
2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)
  
−
; With attenuator
+
Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.
  
−
[[File:charge_channelnumber_x6_6_attenuated.png |90 px]]
+
3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.
  
−
[[File:Mathmatica_x6_6_attenuated.png |90 px]]
 
  
 +
[[GEM performance data graphs]]
  
  
−
According to the calibration curve above the charge collected by the ADC is determined in the table above.[https://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#Run_List3
+
==Electronics Flow Chart==
−
]
 
  
−
===05/10/13 & 06/03/13===
+
[[File:IAC_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
  
  
−
The table below shows  the measurements of the charge of a square pulse that has an amplitude of -0.49 V (osc. 0.504+_ 0 V )with a zero offset and a width of 25.2us. The gate width is 70ns.
+
[[File:IAC_n.png |200px]]
  
−
<math> Q = Q_0 10^{(L_v/20)} </math>
+
=U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield=
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]]
−
|-
+
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]]
−
| Run Number || attenuation (dB) || Average channel Number || Pedestal subtracted Average channel Number|| calculated gain
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5120 || 0 || 3876.27 || 3797 || 0
 
−
|-
 
−
|5120 || 3 || 3057  || 2977 ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5123 || 6 || 1906 ||1827 ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5124 || 9 || 1339 ||1260 ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5125 || 12 || 940 || 861||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5126 || 14 || 742 ||663 ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|data2 06/03/13
 
−
|-
 
−
|5172 || 0 || 3818.94 +/- 0.06 ||  ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5173 || 3 || 2685.03 +/- 0.05 ||  ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5174 || 6 || 1889.48 +/- 0.05 ||  ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5176 || 9 ||  1322.00 +/- 0.03 ||  ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5177 || 12 ||  926.62 +/- 0.03 ||  ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|5178 || 15 ||  647.03 +/- 0.02 ||  ||
 
−
|}
 
  
 +
[[File:U-233_fissionxyield_percent.png |200px]]
  
−
;Amplifier
 
  
−
An amplifier (x6 level 6) was added to amplify the signal before attenuation, a square pulse of an amplitude of (1st time-0.18V) and for (the second time 0.47V) (osc. 235 +_ 4 mV) with a zero offset and a width of 25.8us  was used, the gate width was 70ns. After the amplification the signal amplitude is (first time 3.42+_ 0.29 V) (2nd time: gate integrate 4.21 +/-0 V).
 
  
−
<math> Q = Q_0 10^{(L_v/20)} </math>
+
== What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233==
  
 +
===Alpha ===
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || attenuation (dB) || Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (79)|| charge collected (nC) ||calculated attenuation || expected attenuation || V(mV)
+
| nuclide || Energy (MeV)
−
|-
 
−
| 5134 || 14 || 3952||3873  || 1.6552 || 0    || ||647+_32
 
−
|-
 
−
|5135 || 15 || 3503  || 3424 || 1.4756 || 0.997 || ||576+_27
 
−
|-
 
−
|5136 || 18 ||2474  || 2395|| 1.064 || 20*log(3952/2472) = 4.2 || 4 ||416+_16
 
−
|-
 
−
|5137 || 21 || 1752 || 1673 || 0.7752 || 6.589 || ||235+_ 32
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5138 || 24 || 1206 || 1127|| 0.5568 || 20*log(3873/1127) = 10.7 || 10 ||  222 +_7
+
| Pb-213 || <span style="color:red"> 8.4</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Data2 || 06/03/13 Pedestal 63
+
| Bi-213 || 5.9
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5180 || 14 ||  2872.76 +/- 0.09|| ||  ||    || || 872
+
|At-217 ||6.3  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5181 || 15 || 2477.22 +/- 0.08|| || || || || 782
+
|Fr-221 || 6.3
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5182 || 18 ||  1823.29 +/- 0.08|| || || || || 546
+
|Th-229 ||  <span style="color:green">4.85 </span> (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)
−
|-
 
−
| 5183 || 21 ||  1306.90 +/- 0.04|| || || || || 392
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5184 || 24 ||  933.94 +/- 0.03|| || || || || 271
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===05/24/13===
+
===Gamma===
  
−
;ADC calibration using a battery
+
Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , [[File:u233_day_gamma.pdf]] <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>
−
 
 
−
Using a 1.5V battery connected to to 5 kohm resistor, then 25 ohm terminated ADC. The oscilloscope measures 15 mV DC voltage  for the battery as it is 50 ohm terminated.
 
  
 +
The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || channel Number || Channel Number - padestal|| Gate width (ns) ||Charge (nC)
+
| nuclide || Energy Minimum || Energy Maximum (keV)
 +
|-|
 +
| U-233  || 25 || <span style="color:red"> 1,119</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|62 || 851  || 771|| 500  || 0.015*(Gate width)/25 = 0.3
+
| Ra-225 || 40 || 40
 
|-
 
|-
−
|63 || 1263 || 1184 ||750 || 0.45
+
|Ac-225 || <span style="color:green">10.5 </span> || 758.9
 
|-
 
|-
−
|64 || 1702 || 1623 || 1000 || 0.6
+
|Fr-221 || 96.8 || 410.7
 
|-
 
|-
−
|65 || 1250 || 2072 || 2151 || 0.75
+
|At-217 || 140 || 593.1
 
|-
 
|-
−
|66 || 2500 || 3897 || 3976 || 1.5
+
|Bi-213 || 323.81 || <span style="color:red">1,119.4 </span>
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
[[File:batttery_cal.png |90 px]]
+
===Beta===
 +
 +
Beta particles are  emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>
 +
 
 +
[[File:U-233_decay_beta_energy.jpg |200px]]
  
−
===05/30/13===
+
U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV.
  
−
;ADC calibration using a battery
+
Insert energy distribution for Betas
  
−
Using a 1.5V battery with a grounded positive terminal connected to to 5 kohm resistor, then 50 ohm terminated ADC. The oscilloscope measured 14.4 mV DC voltage of the battery when it is 50 ohm terminated.
+
The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and  their half lives:
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || channel Number +_ error || Gate width (ns) || charge (nC)
+
|Nuclides || energy (MeV) || half life
 
|-
 
|-
−
|97 || 865 +_ 0.04 || 500 || =0.0144*(Gate width=500)/50=0.144
+
| <math>Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}</math> ||<span style="color:green">0.357 </span> || 14d.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|98 || 493+_0.03 || 250 || 0.072
+
|<math>Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}</math> || 1.426 || 46min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|101 ||1283 +_0.03 || 750 || 0.216
+
|<math>Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}</math> || <span style="color:red">1.981 </span> || 2.2 min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|102 || || 1000
+
|<math>Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}</math> || 0.644 || 3.25h
 
|-
 
|-
−
|104 || 2105 +_ 0.04 || 1250 || 0.36
+
|<math>Bi^{209}</math> || 1.893 || stable
−
|-
 
−
|106 || 3317 +_ 0.02 || 2000 || 0.576
 
−
|-
 
−
|107 || overcharge || 2500
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
==What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter==
  
  
−
[[File:battery_grounded_cal.png |90 px]]
+
=== electron shutter penetration===
  
 +
The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.
  
−
;Measurements Notes
+
[[File:E_spectrum.png |90 px]]
  
−
1- The slope of the calibration curve as the ADC is connected to the battery with the positive terminal grounded is 178 pC.
+
graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)
  
−
2- The ADC manual manual mentioned 100pC gain/count, does count = channel? Also it is measures max. tolerate voltage >25 mV with +_ 2 mV as maximum voltage offset, the battery provides 14.4 mV offset, Does the ADC measure that the battery voltage or consider it more that the offset limit and measure only within the offset limit?
 
  
  
  
−
Today 05/31 the equipment moved to the LDS to start our measurements but I am still thinking how to improve our calibration curve measurements to get the right slope.
+
photons below were produced by above incident electron?
 +
The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter
  
 +
[[File:Photon_spectrum.png |90 px]]
  
−
===6/2/13===
 
  
−
Measuring the grounded positive terminal battery output again in the LDS, V= 14.7 mV measured by the oscilloscope. (R= 5kohm, V=1.5, I= 1.5/5kohm = 0.3 mA, oscilloscope channel 2 is 46 ohm terminated,  then V = 46*0.3mA = 13.8 mV). The ADC noise level in channel 5 (signal channel) is 63 (run #5162) which is 42.1 ohm terminated.
+
Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.
  
 +
===alpha shutter penetration===
  
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
+
===photons===
−
|-
+
 
−
| Run Number ||  channel Number +_ error || channel Number - Pedestal || Gate width width (ns) || charge (pC)
+
== Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2==
−
|-
+
 
−
|5161 ||  356.14 +/- 0.01 || 293 ||178 || = 14.7*(Gate width)/42.1 = 62.2
+
EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).
−
|-
+
 
−
|5163 || 712.09 <math>\pm</math> 0.02 || 649  || 398 ||139.0
+
 
−
|-
+
[[File:SecondaryElectron_Energy_1Mevbeta.png |90 px]]
−
|5164 || 1368.60 +_ 0.02 || 1305|| 798  ||278.6
+
 
−
|-
+
= The needed time to observe the GEM signal=
−
|5165 || 2662.70 +_ 0.02 || 2600 || 1592 || 555.9
+
 
−
|-
+
In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.
−
|5157 || 3670 +_ 0.01 || 3607|| 2216 || 773.8
 
−
|}
 
  
 +
The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.
  
−
[[File:battery_grounded_cal2.png |90 px]]
+
=THGEM card tasks and tests=
  
 +
;New THGEM cards:
  
−
===06/04/13===
+
Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.
  
−
;Amplified x6 level 6 fine gain
+
The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.
  
−
stanford pulse generator is used as source for a negative pulse of width of 11.8us +/- 3, and the gate width is 32.94 ns +/- 0.02 . all the voltage measurement is recorded by using oscilloscope 46 ohm terminated. So the amplifier input current is (input signal amplitude/46)
+
=GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13=
  
 +
The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || input signal (mV)|| amplified pulse amp. (mV) +/- SD || Charge (pC)|| Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (63)
+
| shutter close || [[File: GEM_close.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close2.jpg | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open.jpg | 40 px]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5205 || 51 +/- 1 || 676.702 || 945 +/- 8 ||  2415.57 +/- 0.13 ||  2352.57
+
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_7_1.jpg | 40 px ]]
−
|-
+
 
−
| 5207 || 56 +/- 1 || 744.730|| 1040 +/- 8||  2644.05+/- 0.10 || 2581.05
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5208 || 60 +/- 1  || 809.178|| 1130 +/- 10||  2840.40+/- 0.15 ||  2777.40
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5209 || 65 +/- 1 || 859.304|| 1200 +/- 8 ||  3066.89+/- 0.18 ||  3003.89
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5210 || 70 +/- 1 || 916.591 || 1280 +/- 8||  3293.51+/- 0.21 ||  3230.51
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5214 || 80 +/- 1 || 1045.49|| 1460 +/- 8||  3744.33+/- 0.15 ||  3681.33
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
[[File:charge_cal1_ampx6_level6.png || 90px]]
 
  
 +
=GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used=
  
 +
The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.
  
−
===06/06/13===
+
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Long bnc cable|| [[File: GEM_longcable1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_longcable2.jpg | 40 px]]
 +
|-
 +
|  Short bnc cable|| [[ File:GEM_shortcable.jpg | 40 px ]]
  
−
;Amplified x6 level 6 fine gain and P.S. gain amplifier 777
+
|}
  
−
stanford pulse generator is used as source for a negative pulse of width of 892 ns +/- 4, and the gate width is 32.7 ns +/- 0.6 . all the voltage measurement is recorded by using oscilloscope 46 ohm terminated. So the amplifier input current is (input signal amplitude/46)
 
  
 +
=Roy's detector infomation and measurements=
  
 +
U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:
 +
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Run Number || input signal (mV)|| amplified pulse amp. (V) +/- SD || Charge (pC)||  Average channel Number || Average channel Number - Noise (63)
+
| Shutter position || Alpha particles /min.|| Beta particles /min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5253 || 21.6 +/- 0.3 || 0.79 +/- 0.01 ||  || 1847.32 +/- 0.13 ||
+
|  Open || 6879 || 900
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5254 || 23.6 +/- 0.3 ||  0.86 +/- 0.01 ||   || 2305.25 +/- 0.14 || 
+
| Close || 1 || 38
−
|-
+
|}
−
| 5255 || 25.6 +/- 0.3 ||  0.94 +/- 0.01 ||    || 2501.55 +/- 0.12 || 
+
 
−
|-
+
The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.
−
| 5256 || 27.6 +/- 0.3 || 1.02 +/- 0.01 ||  ||  2696.81 +/- 0.18 || 
+
 
−
|-
+
The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle <math> \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} </math>
−
| 5257 || 29.6 +/- 0.3 || 1.09 +/- 0.01 ||  ||  2899.58 +/- 0.16 || 
 
−
|-
 
−
| 5258 || 37.3 +/- 0.3 || 1.40 +/- 0.01 ||  ||  3695.65 +/- 0.14 || 
 
  
−
|}
+
where '''A''' is the count per second
 +
and '''W''' is the detector solid angle.
  
−
=Time to observe the GEM signal=
+
For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost <math>2\pi </math>, so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.
  
−
In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.
 
  
−
The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.
+
=IAC experiment producing neutrons=
  
−
=THGEM card tasks and tests=
+
One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target  is simulated  outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below
  
−
;New THGEM cards:
+
[[File:moderator_nspect.png | 70 px]]
  
−
Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.
+
In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.
  
−
The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.
+
[[File:exp_setup.png | 70 px]]
  
 
=References=
 
=References=

Latest revision as of 03:52, 2 November 2015

HM_2014

2012

2011

2010

2009

Dissertation

11/01/2015

Measurements


File:Measurements 1.pdf File:Measurements 2.pdf File:Measurements 3.pdf


Conclusion

File:Conc.pdf

alpha calibration

Ch alphaE.png


File:Raw data all.pdf


The main peaks are for the following channel numbers, 

You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.

Ch alphap1.png Ch alphap2.png

channel Number Energy Upper limit (MeV) Energy lower limit (MeV) average energy (MeV) Notes
4828 4.90 4.79 4.85 +_ 0.02
4869 4.94 4.83 4.88 +_ 0.02

Gamma Spectrum for U-233

Gamma spect.png

Last runs

Run Number start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
9005 05/15 15:00 05/16 10:55 open off 50
9006 05/16 10:57 05/17 22:18 open on 48
9007 05/17 22:23 05/18 19:20 closed on 30
9008 05/18 21:46 05/19 19:59 closed off 30 high beta effect
9010 05/21 23:23 05/22 10:00 closed off 30 high beta effect
9023 05/26 13:06 05/26 13:17 11 open off 87 GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
9024 05/26 13:20 05/26 13:27 7 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)
9032 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 open off 87 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
9033 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9034 06/15 20:55 06/15 21:05 10 open off 45 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9035 06/15 21:06 06/13 21:16 10 closed off 27 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9036 06/17 14:48 06/17 14:58 10 closed off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9037 06/17 14:59 06/17 14:09 10 open off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV

The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.

QDC TDC PS-ADC setup

Peak sensing gate

GEM PS gate.png

QDC gate

GEM QDC gate.png


TDC start

TDC pulser.png


TDC STOP

TDC GEM.png

QDC shows a difference

QDC source on off 7724 7726.png

Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak

Changes from the former set up
  1. Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
  2. Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
Lost

PS l1.png

Detected


PS d1.pngPS d2.png


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7435 08/24/14 19:30:48 19:55:32 open on 400 a peak is noticed on channel 400
7436 08/24/14 19:59:05 20:40:11 open off 216 the peak disappeared
7438 08/24/14 19:59:05 10:00:00 open on 0.0146 triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
7444 08/25/14 21:17:25 21:20:35 open on 230 gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared Gate delay700ns.png
7446 08/25/14 21:29:51 21:38:55 open off 185 does not count for P_B. peak disappeared


Shutteropen sourceon off.png

unknown gas mixed bottle measurements

Updates

Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.

Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.

Channels and signals


device ch input source
ADC 5 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 7 15 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 5 11 PMT Left
Peak sensing 8 17 PMT right
PS translator
TDC 25 PMT L
TDC 27 GEM's trigout
TDC 29 PMT R
TDC 31 (Stopper) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
CAEN N638
TDC 17 PMT L
TDC B2 18 GEM's trigout multi-hit
TDC B6 22 GEM's B_p
TDC 21 PMT R
TDC 6 30 (pulser) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
TDC 7 23 delayed GEM's trigout


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7273 08/06/14 07:10:38 11:41:00 12502 open off 67 0.1 flow rate
7274 08/06/14 11:49:35 18:15:01 23126 closed off 39 0.1 flow rate
7275 08/06/14 20:37:07 09:10:10 closed off 40 0.2 flow rate
7276 08/06/14 09:15:00 09:32:00 open off 80 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
7277 08/06/14 09:33:08 11:40:42 7654 open off 81 0.2
7295 08/08/14 17:36:58 19:55:59 4741 closed off 60 0.2
7296 08/08/14 22:28:01 23:43:14 closed off 58 0.3
7297 08/08/14 23:48:14 12:08:00 37186 open off 93 0.3
7298 08/09/14 00:16:14 06:08:03 21109 closed off 56 0.3
7299 08/10/14 19:27:12 20:09:04 2152 closed on 107 0.1
7300 08/10/14 20:11:30 20:46:29 2099 open on 136 0.1
7302 08/11/14 06:53:14 07:22:45 1771 closed on 114 0.2
7303 08/11/14 07:26:58 07:48:01 1263 open on 167 0.2
7305 08/11/14 13:21:16 13:55:05 2029 open on 178 0.3
7306 08/11/14 14:41:00 15:40:00 3540 closed on 110 0.3
7307 08/14/14 08:14:15 08:20:39 384 closed off 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
7308 08/14/14 08:22:43 08:29:23 open off 1314 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
7309 08/14/14 08:35:09 09:45:37 4229 open off 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7310 08/14/14 09:46:12 11:18:39 5547 open off 54 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7311 08/14/14 11:19:45 13:01:57 6132 open off 52 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7312 08/14/14 13:10:50 14:28:07 4637 open off 72 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7313 08/14/14 14:30:24 15:38: 48 4056 open off 80 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7314 08/14/14 15:41: 52 16:46:55 3897 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7315 08/14/14 16:49: 59 19:14:30 8729 open on 148 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7316 08/14/14 19:18:43 22:14:07 10596 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7317 08/14/14 22:18:24 10:18:52 43220 open on 0.0095 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7318 08/15/14 10:24:00 12:42:23 8303 open on 147 0.1 flow rate
7319 08/15/14 12:46:14 15:46:09 10795 open on 148 0.1 flow rate
7323 08/15-16/14 16:59:39 06:03:11 46970 open off 0.0011 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7329 08/16/14 07:06:32 10:35:35 12543 open off 83 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
7330 08/16/14 10:41:58 12:48:33 7595 open on 146 0.1 flow rate
7331 08/16-17/14 12:52:07 06:45:03 64384 open off 0.0016 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
7332 08/17/14 06:52:26 07:04:45 739 open on 1367 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
7333 08/17/14 07:05:50 08:53:54 open on 155 0.1 flow rate
7334 08/17/14 08:57:02 13:13:38 open off 82 0.1 flow rate
7337 08/17/14 14:17:24 14:30:29 open on 1400 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V), noise measurements with the wave generator
7338 08/17/14 14:31:37 16:17:45 open on 163 0.1 flow rate
7339 08/17/14 16:20:25 16:35:45 open off 1368 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
7340 08/17/14 16:37:01 20:33:04 open off 95 0.1 flow rate
7341 08/17-18/14 20:40:16 06:18:43 open off 0.0015 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7342 08/18/14 06:25:44 06:37:43 open on 1403 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
7345 08/18/14 06:39:23 14:17:58 open on 0.0128 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7355 08/18/14 16:03:29 19:59:51 open off 75 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
7356 08/18/14 20:03:05 20:07:58 open on 2k 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
7357 08/18/14 20:08:43 22:48:22 open on 142 0.1 flow rate
7358 08/18-19/14 22:53:13 10:52:44 open on 0.0082 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
7359 08/19/14 10:55:49 10:59:52 open on 2.1k 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
7360 08/19/14 11:00:38 14:26:38 open on 156 0.1 flow rate noise measurement with 1 Hz sampling
7361 08/19/14 14:40:49 18:25:00 open on 0 0.1 flow rate with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
7362 08/19/14 18:33:15 18:38:54 open on 1.5k 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7363 08/19-20/14 18:39:46 13:39:45 open on 0.0081 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7364 08/20/14 13:44:56 13:50:57 open off 1.55k 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7367 08/20/14 15:08:27 16:49:37 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7368 08/20/14 16:53:42 17:15:49 open on 154 0.1 flow rate
7369 08/20/14 17:17:39 20:28:43 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
7479 08/27/14 10:02:21 10:42:09 open on 64 0.1 flow rate,
7480 08/27/14 10:46:18 14:17:22 open off 11 0.1 flow rate,
7481 08/27/14 14:19:33 14:43:39 close on 78 0.1 flow rate,
7488 08/27/14 16:16:37 16:48:53 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,
7491 08/27/14 18:09:27 18:59:05 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,


Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14

Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following


Source On Source Off
7507 7506
7509 7508
7511 7510
7513 7512
7515 7514
7517 7516
7519 7518
7521 7520


Unknownbootle measurements 06 13.pngUnknownbootle measurements 14 21.png


Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.

Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.

The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>

Temp signal effect.jpg

Flow rate and figures

03 flow rate

03 sourceOn.png 03 sourceoff.png 03 openOn off sub.png

02 flow rate

02 sourceOn.png 02 sourceoff.png 02 openOn off sub.png

01 flow rate

01 sourceOn.png 01 sourceoff.png

Common Start Common Stop exchange

Edit the file

cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/

as the following:

for common start comment: 

/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

for common stop uncomment: 

 c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233

Photons

Photoabosorption Ar.png Photoabosorption CO2.png Photoabosorption Ar CO2.png

Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html


Electrons

Electron ion Ar.png

Ref. :

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 File:Electron ionization Ar.pdf


Alpha Particles

Alpha ionization.png

Ref. :

http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75

Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator

Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
Date Time No. of Counts (counts) Count rate (counts/min)
07/09/14 1066 659005 618
07/10/14 538 368974 686


Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source

Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.

The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.


GEM triple smallpeak.png GEM triple bigpeak.png GEM triple twopeaks.png

Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding

Without source

The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator . Neither closing the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box did make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.


With a source

Background count rate

Date Time PSD_e (counts) PSD_e (counts/min) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
07/01/14 1166 56671 49 2936748 2519 10 0.009
07/01/14 231 10529 572657 1542


data graphs

[math]S_{HLE}[/math]


B pdaily counts.png

The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.


[math]S_{PSD}[/math]


S pdaily counts.png

The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on). 


Small=[math]S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}[/math]

Testing GEM Experiment test 10/23/13

The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.

The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.


shutter close GEM close 1.png GEM close 2.png
shutter open GEM open 1.png GEM open 2.png GEM open 3.png GEM open 4.png

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment test 1/4/13

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment

GEM HV-divider circuit

GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.

GEM HV Dist Net.jpg


The table below shows value of the voltage on each preamplifier's side relative to ground.


[math] V_{source} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_1 \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_2 \pm 1[/math] [math] V_{G3T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G3B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_3 \pm 1 [/math]
2550 2579 2259 304 1671 1394 279 818 570 245
2600 2630 2303 310 1704 1421 285 834 581 250
2650 2680 2348 316 1737 1449 290 850 592 255
2700 2731 2393 322 1770 1476 296 866 603 260
2750 2781 2373 328 1803 1503 302 882 614 264
2800 2832 2482 332 1836 1530 307 898 625 269



The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).

the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.

GEM alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS

GEM Detector

GEM performance QDC data graphs

Calibrating GEM detector


Electronics Flow Chart

LDS electronics flow chart.png


GEM Detector and Scintillator

GEM and Sci. data and measuurements

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC

Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.

Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator

Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
Summary

The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.

These modifications are:

1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)

2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)

Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.

3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.


GEM performance data graphs


Electronics Flow Chart

IAC electronics flow chart.png


200px

U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield

U-233 fissionxsection 0.01-100MeV.gif U-233 fissionxsection fullenergyrange.gif

U-233 fissionxyield percent.png


What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233

Alpha

nuclide Energy (MeV)
Pb-213 8.4
Bi-213 5.9
At-217 6.3
Fr-221 6.3
Th-229 4.85 (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)

Gamma

Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , File:U233 day gamma.pdf <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>

The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .

nuclide Energy Minimum Energy Maximum (keV)
U-233 25 1,119
Ra-225 40 40
Ac-225 10.5 758.9
Fr-221 96.8 410.7
At-217 140 593.1
Bi-213 323.81 1,119.4


Beta

Beta particles are emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>

U-233 decay beta energy.jpg

U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV. 

Insert energy distribution for Betas

The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and their half lives:


Nuclides energy (MeV) half life
[math]Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}[/math] 0.357 14d.
[math]Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}[/math] 1.426 46min.
[math]Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}[/math] 1.981 2.2 min.
[math]Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}[/math] 0.644 3.25h
[math]Bi^{209}[/math] 1.893 stable

What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter

electron shutter penetration

The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.

E spectrum.png 

graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)




photons below were produced by above incident electron?

The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter

Photon spectrum.png


Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.

alpha shutter penetration

photons

Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2

EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).


SecondaryElectron Energy 1Mevbeta.png

The needed time to observe the GEM signal

In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.

The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.

THGEM card tasks and tests

New THGEM cards

Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.

The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.

GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13

The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.

shutter close GEM close.jpg GEM close1.jpg GEM close2.jpg GEM open.jpg
shutter open GEM open 7 1.jpg


GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used

The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.


Long bnc cable GEM longcable1.jpg GEM longcable2.jpg
Short bnc cable GEM shortcable.jpg


Roy's detector infomation and measurements

U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:

Shutter position Alpha particles /min. Beta particles /min.
Open 6879 900
Close 1 38

The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.

The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle [math] \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} [/math]

where A is the count per second and W is the detector solid angle.

For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost [math]2\pi [/math], so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.


IAC experiment producing neutrons

One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target is simulated outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below

Moderator nspect.png

In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.

Exp setup.png

References

THGEM design

THGEM#9

Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf


Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf

Electric field Simulation

Rim size dependence

File:THGEM Efield simulation.pdf


2010 THGEM design(s)

File:THGEM 2009 design gas efficiency.pdf


Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter 

Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections


http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum


http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002

http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html

http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119

NIM_A535_2004_93[1]


File:NIM A590 2008 pg134 Eberhardt.pdf Prep Targets

Neutron cross sections for different elements Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf

http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/

Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg

Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg

Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg

Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg

Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg

Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg

Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg

Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf

File:NSAE 151 2005 319-334 Y.D. Lee.pdf

TGEM-2009 File:TGEM 2009.pdf

12 Volt power supply system.

http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf

http://electrontube.com.Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board

http://wikipedia.org

A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos

GEANT4_Paticles_Models[2]

Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html

RETGEMs

Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf‎


Media:2010_INST_5_P03002.pdf‎

Thick GEM COBRA

Media:THGEM_COBRA_08_10.pdf‎


Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf

Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf

Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf

http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm


http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1

Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[3]

Stainless Steel deflection [4]

Data Sheets

radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD File:Radioactive surface cleaner.pdf.

Th-Xsection references

File:Th-232 fxsection Behrens 0.7-1.4MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Blons 1975 1.2-1.8MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection ermagambetov 0-3MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Henkel 0-9MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Ohsawa original.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection pankratov 3-35MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection protopopov distancefromthesource.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection rago 12.5-18MeV.pdf

U-238-Xsection and coating references

relative cross section and calibration samples characteristics for a well determined number of fissions per second

File:Eismont relative absolute nf induced intermediate energy.pdf


U_238 cross section error analysis

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 File:U238-xsection.pdf

U_238 (0.5-4MeV) and Th_232 (1-6MeV) fission cross section with statistical error.File:Th-232 U238 xsetion data ebars.txt


File:Pankratov fxsection Th232 U233 U235 Np237 U238 5-37MeV.pdf


Thorium Coating

ThF4 target for sputtering coatings

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm

Machining Uranium

Uranium will ignite in powder form


http://www.springerlink.com/content/rr072r52163x0833/

coating Uranium


[[5]]

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172

Calorimeters/Detectors: DU sheet is in wide-scale use as an absorber material in high-energy physics research at large accelerator laboratories. The high atomic number and density of DU presents a large number of atoms per unit volume to interact with the particles emerging from collisions in these detectors. Also the slight background radiation from DU enables in situ calibration of the electronic read out devices within such detectors, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

http://www.2spi.com/catalog/chem/depleted-uranium-products.html


[6]

[7]

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library [8]
Data Acquisition

Warren_logbook[9]


Warren_Thesis [10]

Related To Gaseous Detectors

Breakdown and Detector Failure (10/21/10)

Different kind of micro-pattern detectors



References

1- A. Bressan, M. Hocha : NIM A 424 (1999) 321—342 File:High rate behavior and discharge limits in micro-pattern detectors .pdf

2- Fonte and Peskov IEEE 1999 :File:Fundamental limitations of high rate gaseous detectors.pdf

3- B. Schmidt: NIM A 419 (1998) 230—238 File:Microstrip gas chambers Recent developments radiation damage.pdf

Ideas

1.) Can we mix resistive paste (Encre MINICO) with TH-232. We construct a "bed of nails" to place a predrilled G-10 board with a copper border. The nails fill in the holes of the G-10 to keep the paste out. Ecre MINICO is a resistive paste used for transistors.

a.) Get some resistive paste.


http://www.leggesystems.com/p-253-elimstat-uxm-ccp.aspx

Resistive glue to compare

File:Duralco 4461.pdf


http://www.ellsworth.com/conformal.html?tab=Products

http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=764&Tab=Products


http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=2067&Tab=Products

http://www.cotronics.com/vo/cotr/ea_electricalresistant.htm


b.) mix with a metal similar to Th-232.

c.) construct bed of 0.4 mm nails. Look for 0.4 mm diameter pins.

7/31/2009

New vendor for carbon paste.

http://www.electrapolymers.com/productItem.asp?id=33

The data sheet does not show any information about the thickness of the paste.

The company has a distributor in the usa (877)-867-9668. A phone call is expected on Sat. 8/3/2009 about the availability of the product.

TGEM Mask Design

Coating U-238 or Th-232 is essential for neutron detection in the range 2-14 MeV, but THGEM contains holes that should be protected from any coating material. So, a mask is designed to cover these holes. The holes are in drilled to be on the corners of hexagonal of 1mm side length as in the figure:

Hexagonal representaion holes 04mm 1mmc2c.jpg


The mask is made of stainless steel, 10 um laser tolerance with cut the plate to get the shape in the figure:

Holes covered by mask.jpeg

Please look at the following files for more details:

Make number bold black font. Add color so it is clear that they are holes in a material.

File:Copper foil 04mm.pdf

File:Holes mask together.pdf


TGEM_Mask_Design

P_D

Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector

H_Proposal_Defense

Vendor

Thick Film Screen Printers

http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers

http://www.marubeni-sunnyvale.com/screen_printing.html

Go Back TGEMS


tektronix oscilloscope

134.50.3.73


http://134.50.203.63/ 


<references/>
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