Difference between revisions of "Neutron TGEM Detector Abdel"

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−
Haithem's logbook for developing neutron sensitive TGEM detector
+
[[HM_2014]]
  
 +
[[2012]]
 +
 +
[[2011]]
 +
 +
[[2010]]
  
 
[[2009]]
 
[[2009]]
  
−
[[2010]]
+
=Dissertation=
 +
 
 +
;11/01/2015
 +
 
 +
Measurements
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:measurements_1.pdf]]
 +
[[File:measurements_2.pdf]]
 +
[[File:measurements_3.pdf]]
 +
 
  
  
 +
Conclusion
  
−
=12/15/10=
+
[[File:conc.pdf]]
  
−
[[Insulators under a high voltage]]
+
=alpha calibration=
  
−
=Resistive paste thickness-mass calibration curve=
+
[[File:ch_alphaE.png | 150px]]
  
−
;Aim
 
  
−
Studying the relationship between the mass and thickness of the resistive paste painted over 10X10 HTTGEM Foil.
+
[[File:Raw_data_all.pdf]]
  
−
;Experiment equipments and restrictions:
 
  
−
Accurate scale (<math> \pm 0.1 g </math>), SEM (scanning electron microscope).
+
The main peaks are for the following channel numbers,
  
−
SEM sample's height limit  : 5 cm.  
+
  You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.
  
−
(Dr. David Peterson Assistant Professor in Anthropology,Research Scientist, Center for Archaeology, Materials and Applied Spectroscopy (CAMAS) , 157 Graveley Hall,Idaho State University)
+
[[File:ch_alphap1.png | 150px]]
 +
[[File:ch_alphap2.png | 150px]]
  
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|channel Number|| Energy Upper limit (MeV)|| Energy lower limit (MeV)|| average energy (MeV)||  Notes
 +
|-
 +
| 4828 || 4.90 || 4.79 || 4.85 +_ 0.02 || 
 +
|-
 +
| 4869 || 4.94 || 4.83 || 4.88 +_ 0.02 ||
 +
|}
  
−
;Procedure:
+
=Gamma Spectrum for U-233=
  
−
Measuring the mass of Prepared samples of 0.5 thickness FR4 square plates with different surface areas as in the table below before and after painting the paste.
+
[[File:gamma_spect.png | 150px]]
  
−
Studying the paste distribution and thickness under SEM.
+
= Last runs=
  
−
;Experimental Data
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  Plate Surface area (cm^2) (length <math> \pm 0.1 cm </math> )        ||  mass (g)<math> \pm 0.1mg </math> before applying the paste || mass (g)<math> \pm 0.1mg </math> after applying the paste ||<math>\frac{mg}{cm^2}</math> ||notes
+
|Run Number||start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|9005 || 05/15 15:00 || 05/16 10:55 || || open || off || 50 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9006 || 05/16 10:57 || 05/17 22:18  || || open || on ||  48||
 +
|-
 +
|9007 || 05/17 22:23 ||  05/18 19:20 || || closed || on || 30 ||
 +
|-
 +
|9008 || 05/18 21:46 ||  05/19 19:59 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9010 || 05/21 23:23 ||  05/22 10:00 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect
 +
|-
 +
|9023 || 05/26 13:06 || 05/26 13:17|| 11 || open || off || 87 ||  GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
 +
|-
 +
|9024 || 05/26 13:20 || 05/26 13:27|| 7 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)  
 +
|-
 +
|9032 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || open || off || 87 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
 +
|-
 +
|9033 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || closed || off || 26 ||  GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   1X1 || 0.2627 || 0.2634 || 0.7|| paste on both sides
+
|9034 || 06/15 20:55 || 06/15 21:05|| 10 || open || off || 45 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2X2  || 0.9776 || 0.9793  || 0.4 || paste on both sides
+
|9035 || 06/15 21:06 || 06/13 21:16|| 10 || closed || off || 27 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3X3  || 2.5074 || 2.5074 || 0 || paste on one side
+
|9036 || 06/17 14:48 || 06/17 14:58|| 10 || closed || off || 28 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4X4  || 4.4923 || 4.4940  || || paste on one side
+
|9037 || 06/17 14:59 || 06/17 14:09|| 10 || open || off || 28 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5X5  || 7.3261 || 7.3250 || || paste on one side (paste is not uniform)
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.
 +
 +
=QDC TDC PS-ADC setup=
 +
 +
;Peak sensing gate
 +
 +
[[File: GEM_PS_gate.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
;QDC gate
 +
 +
[[File: GEM_QDC_gate.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
 +
;TDC start
 +
 +
[[File: TDC_pulser.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
 +
;TDC STOP
 +
 +
[[File: TDC_GEM.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
;QDC shows a difference
 +
 +
[[File: QDC_source_on_off_7724_7726.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
=Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak =
  
 +
;Changes from the former set up
 +
 +
# Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
 +
#Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
 +
 +
;Lost
 +
 +
[[File: PS_l1.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
;Detected
 +
 +
 +
[[File: PS_d1.png | 300 px]][[File: PS_d2.png | 300 px]]
  
−
;SEM Images
 
  
−
;2x2 sample
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
−
| Image(a) ||Image(b) ||Image(c) ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File:  2X2.png |250 px]]|| [[File: 2X2_scale.png |250 px]] || [[File: 2X2_scale_zoom.png |250 px]]
+
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
|7435 || 08/24/14|| 19:30:48 || 19:55:32 || || open || on || 400 || a peak is noticed on channel 400
 +
|-
 +
|7436 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 20:40:11 || || open || off || 216 || the peak disappeared
 +
|-
 +
|7438 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 10:00:00 || || open || on || 0.0146 || triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
 +
|-
 +
|7444 || 08/25/14|| 21:17:25 || 21:20:35|| || open || on || 230 || gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared [[File: gate delay700ns.png | 300 px]]
 +
|-
 +
|7446 || 08/25/14|| 21:29:51|| 21:38:55 || || open || off ||  185 || does not count for P_B. peak disappeared
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
 +
[[File: shutteropen_sourceon_off.png | 300 px]]
 +
 +
= unknown gas mixed bottle measurements=
 +
 +
 +
; Updates
 +
 +
Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.
 +
 +
Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.
 +
 +
; Channels and signals
  
−
;4x4 sample
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
−
|Image(1) ||Image(2) ||Image(3) ||Image(4) ||Image(5)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File: 4x4.png |250 px]]|| [[File: 4X4_scale.png |250 px]] || [[File: 4X4_scale_zoom.png |250 px]] || [[File: 4X4_3scale_zoom_001.png |250 px]] || [[File: 4X4_scale_zoom_002.png |250 px]]
+
|device|| ch || input source
 +
|-
 +
| ADC || 5 || GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 7|| 15 ||  GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 5 || 11 ||  PMT Left
 +
|-
 +
| Peak sensing 8|| 17 ||  PMT right
 +
|-
 +
|PS translator ||
 +
|-
 +
|TDC || 25 || PMT L
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|TDC|| 27 || GEM's trigout
 +
|-
 +
| TDC || 29 || PMT R
 +
|-
 +
| TDC || 31 (Stopper) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 +
|-
 +
|CAEN N638
 +
|-
 +
|TDC || 17 || PMT L
 +
|-
 +
|TDC B2|| 18|| GEM's trigout multi-hit
 +
|-
 +
|TDC B6|| 22|| GEM's B_p
 +
|-
 +
| TDC || 21 || PMT R
 +
|-
 +
| TDC 6 || 30 (pulser) || triple coincidence (OR Mode)
 +
|-
 +
|TDC 7 ||  23|| delayed GEM's trigout
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source ||  Count rate (counts/min) || Notes
 +
|-
 +
| 7273|| 08/06/14 || 07:10:38 || 11:41:00 ||  12502 || open || off || 67 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
 +
|-
 +
| 7274|| 08/06/14 || 11:49:35 || 18:15:01 ||  23126 || closed || off || 39 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
 +
|-
 +
| 7275|| 08/06/14 || 20:37:07 ||  09:10:10||  || closed || off || 40 || 0.2 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7276|| 08/06/14 || 09:15:00 ||  09:32:00||  || open || off || 80 || 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
 +
|-
 +
| 7277|| 08/06/14 ||  09:33:08 || 11:40:42||  7654 || open || off ||  81 || 0.2
 +
|-
 +
| 7295|| 08/08/14 ||  17:36:58 || 19:55:59|| 4741  || closed || off ||  60 || 0.2
 +
 +
|-
 +
| 7296|| 08/08/14 ||  22:28:01 || 23:43:14||  || closed || off ||  58 || 0.3
 +
|-
 +
| 7297|| 08/08/14 ||  23:48:14|| 12:08:00  || 37186|| open || off ||  93 || 0.3
 +
|-
 +
| 7298|| 08/09/14 ||  00:16:14||  06:08:03 ||21109 ||closed || off ||  56 || 0.3
 +
 +
|-
 +
| 7299|| 08/10/14 ||  19:27:12||  20:09:04 || 2152||closed || on ||  107 || 0.1
 +
 +
|-
 +
| 7300|| 08/10/14 ||  20:11:30||  20:46:29 ||2099 ||open || on ||  136 || 0.1
  
 +
|-
 +
| 7302|| 08/11/14 ||  06:53:14||  07:22:45 || 1771||closed || on ||  114 || 0.2
  
−
;Conclusions and Next step(s)
+
|-
 +
| 7303|| 08/11/14 ||  07:26:58||  07:48:01 || 1263||open || on ||  167 || 0.2
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| 7305|| 08/11/14 ||  13:21:16||  13:55:05 || 2029||open || on ||  178 || 0.3
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| 7306|| 08/11/14 ||  14:41:00||  15:40:00 || 3540||closed || on ||  110 || 0.3
  
−
-Using SEM is accurate enough to measure the paste thickness within few micros depending on the HFW (horixzontal field width) value (determined for each image).
+
|-
 +
| 7307|| 08/14/14 ||  08:14:15||  08:20:39 || 384||closed || off ||  || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
 +
|-
 +
| 7308|| 08/14/14 ||  08:22:43||  08:29:23 || ||open || off ||  1314 || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
 +
|-
 +
| 7309|| 08/14/14 || 08:35:09 || 09:45:37 || 4229  || open || off ||  || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
 +
|-
 +
| 7310|| 08/14/14 || 09:46:12 || 11:18:39 ||  5547 || open || off || 54 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
- Highly recommended to use a high precision scale for measuring the mass variation accurately for each samples, not only for this experiment but also for the future samples that will contain a radioactive materials.
+
|-
 +
| 7311|| 08/14/14 || 11:19:45 || 13:01:57 ||  6132 || open || off || 52 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
- Preferable size for the best image is 2x2 cm with clean edges and reference line.
+
|-
 +
| 7312|| 08/14/14 ||  13:10:50 || 14:28:07||  4637 || open || off || 72 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
  
−
- The resistive paste thickness changes from one sample to another and is not unform surface within the micrometer scale, for the 4x4 sample maxmimum value measured or the paste thickness was 120 um, and the minimum was 80 um. Successivly, the 2x2 sample paste thickness was measured with a maximum of 66.84 um and mimimum 49.17 um.
+
|-
 +
| 7313|| 08/14/14 ||  14:30:24|| 15:38: 48||  4056  || open || off || 80 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7314|| 08/14/14 ||  15:41: 52||  16:46:55  || 3897|| open || on || 147 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7315|| 08/14/14 ||  16:49: 59||  19:14:30  ||8729|| open || on || 148 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7316|| 08/14/14 ||  19:18:43 || 22:14:07  ||10596 || open || on ||147  || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
 +
|-
 +
| 7317|| 08/14/14 ||  22:18:24 || 10:18:52  || 43220|| open || on ||  0.0095|| 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|-
 +
| 7318|| 08/15/14 ||  10:24:00 || 12:42:23  || 8303|| open || on || 147  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7319|| 08/15/14 ||  12:46:14 || 15:46:09 || 10795|| open || on || 148  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7323|| 08/15-16/14 ||  16:59:39 || 06:03:11 || 46970|| open || off || 0.0011  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
| 7329|| 08/16/14 ||  07:06:32 || 10:35:35 || 12543|| open || off || 83  || 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
 +
|-
 +
| 7330|| 08/16/14 ||  10:41:58 || 12:48:33 || 7595 || open || on ||  146 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7331|| 08/16-17/14 ||    12:52:07 || 06:45:03 || 64384 || open || off || 0.0016  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
 +
|-
 +
| 7332|| 08/17/14 ||  06:52:26 || 07:04:45|| 739 || open || on || 1367  || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
 +
| 7333|| 08/17/14 ||  07:05:50 || 08:53:54 ||  || open || on || 155  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
  
−
- The measurements were accurate whenever the paste is distiguished from the over flow of the paste on the edge, and as the charging on the sample is  the least. (When the sample was inside the SEM-chamber, a beam of electrons hit the sample and created charged areas that soemtimes ddi not make the edge image sharp enough, this is clear by comparing image (4) and image (5)).
+
| 7334|| 08/17/14 ||  08:57:02 || 13:13:38 ||  || open || off ||  82 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
| 7337|| 08/17/14 ||  14:17:24 ||  14:30:29||  || open || on ||  1400 || 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V),  noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
 +
|7338|| 08/17/14 ||  14:31:37|| 16:17:45||  || open || on || 163  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|7339|| 08/17/14 ||  16:20:25|| 16:35:45 || || open || off || 1368  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|7340|| 08/17/14 ||  16:37:01 || 20:33:04||  || open || off || 95  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7341|| 08/17-18/14 ||  20:40:16|| 06:18:43 || || open || off || 0.0015  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7342|| 08/18/14 ||  06:25:44 || 06:37:43 || || open || on || 1403  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
 +
|-
 +
|7345|| 08/18/14 ||  06:39:23 || 14:17:58 || || open || on ||0.0128  || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7355|| 08/18/14 ||  16:03:29 ||  19:59:51|| || open || off || 75  || 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
 +
|-
 +
|7356|| 08/18/14 ||  20:03:05|| 20:07:58 || || open || on || 2k  || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
 +
|-
 +
|7357|| 08/18/14 ||  20:08:43 || 22:48:22 |||| open || on || 142 || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7358|| 08/18-19/14 ||  22:53:13 || 10:52:44|| || open || on || 0.0082  || 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
 +
|-
 +
|7359|| 08/19/14 ||  10:55:49|| 10:59:52 || || open || on || 2.1k  || 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|7360|| 08/19/14 ||  11:00:38|| 14:26:38|| || open || on ||  156|| 0.1 flow rate  noise measurement with  1 Hz sampling
 +
|-
 +
|7361|| 08/19/14 ||  14:40:49||18:25:00 || open || on || 0 || 0.1 flow rate  with  1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
 +
|-
 +
|7362|| 08/19/14 ||  18:33:15||  18:38:54|| ||open || on ||1.5k  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 +
|-
 +
|7363|| 08/19-20/14 ||  18:39:46||  13:39:45|| ||open || on ||0.0081  || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
 +
|-
 +
|7364|| 08/20/14 ||  13:44:56|| 13:50:57 ||  ||open || off || 1.55k  || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 +
|-
 +
|7367|| 08/20/14 ||  15:08:27 || 16:49:37 ||  ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
 +
|-
 +
|7368|| 08/20/14 ||  16:53:42||  17:15:49||  ||open || on || 154  || 0.1 flow rate
 +
|-
 +
|7369|| 08/20/14 ||  17:17:39|| 20:28:43||  ||open || off || 86  || 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
 +
|-
 +
|7479|| 08/27/14 ||  10:02:21|| 10:42:09||  ||open || on || 64  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7480|| 08/27/14 ||  10:46:18||  14:17:22 || ||open || off || 11  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7481|| 08/27/14 ||  14:19:33 || 14:43:39 || ||close || on || 78  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7488|| 08/27/14 ||  16:16:37 || 16:48:53  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|-
 +
|7491|| 08/27/14 ||  18:09:27 || 18:59:05  || || open|| on || 86  || 0.1 flow rate,
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14==
 +
 
 +
Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following
  
−
- New samples will be prepared, all have the 2x2 cm^2 area, with a small groove on the edge to have new images by SEM, each sample will have a cerain amount of the resistitive paste, the mass of the paste accuratlely be determined  (hopefully) using a high presicion scale.
 
  
−
=Experiment Tasks timetable=
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Date    || Task || Notes
+
| Source On|| Source Off
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10/20/10  || Preparing the samples in different areas  || Done on time
+
|7507 || 7506
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10/21/10  || painting and curing the paste, measuring the mass before and after painting the paste || measuring the mass is accurate enough, even we borrow the scale and put it in table without anything around and without being moved just for the day of the taking the data or finding a more accurate one in a more stable measuring conditions.
+
|7509 || 7508
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10/22/10 || studying the samples using SEM ||  CAMAS facility across Alvin Ricken Drive from the Idaho Accelerator Center, at 11:00 AM
+
 
 +
|7511 || 7510
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10/28/10 || studying the 2x2 samples using SEM || (postpone) CAMAS facility across Alvin Ricken Drive from the Idaho Accelerator Center, at 11:00 AM
+
|7513 || 7512
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11/4/10 || studying the 2x2 samples using SEM || CAMAS facility across Alvin Ricken Drive from the Idaho Accelerator Center, at 11:00 AM ??
+
 
 +
|7515 || 7514
 +
|-
 +
|7517 || 7516
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|7519 || 7518
 +
|-
 +
|7521 || 7520
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=RETGEM vs. THCOBRA =
+
 
 +
[[File:unknownbootle_measurements_06_13.png | 300px]][[File:unknownbootle_measurements_14_21.png | 300px ]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one  run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.
 +
 
 +
Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.
 +
 
 +
The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>
 +
 
 +
[[File:temp_signal_effect.jpg | 300px]]
 +
 
 +
=Flow rate and figures=
 +
 
 +
;03 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 03_sourceOn.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_sourceoff.png | 450 px]]
 +
[[File: 03_openOn_off_sub.png | 450 px]]
 +
;02 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 02_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:02_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: 02_openOn_off_sub.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
01 flow rate
 +
 
 +
[[File: 01_sourceOn.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File:01_sourceoff.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
= Common Start Common Stop exchange=
 +
 
 +
Edit the file
 +
 
 +
cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/
 +
 
 +
as the following:
 +
 +
for common start comment:
 +
/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
 +
 
 +
for common stop uncomment:
 +
  c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);
 +
 
 +
=Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233=  
 +
 
 +
; Photons
 +
 
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_CO2.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: photoabosorption_Ar_CO2.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;Electrons
 +
 
 +
[[File: electron_ion_Ar.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
Ref. :
 +
 
 +
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75  [[File: electron_ionization_Ar.pdf]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;Alpha Particles
 +
 
 +
[[File: alpha_ionization.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
Ref. :
 +
 
 +
http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/
 +
 
 +
Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75
 +
 
 +
=Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator=  
 +
 
 +
;Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|RETGEM    || THCOBRA
+
|Date || Time || No. of Counts (counts)||  Count rate (counts/min)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File: RETGEM_design.png |250 px]]|| [[File: THCOBRA_design.png |250 px]]
+
|07/09/14 || 1066 || 659005 || 618
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File: RETGEM_E-field.png |250 px]] || [[File: THCOBRA_E-field.png |250 px]]
+
|07/10/14 || 538 || 368974 || 686
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File: REGEM_gain.png |250 px]]|| [[File: THCOBRA_gain.png |250 px]]
+
 
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
=Comparison ENDF evaluation of U-238 neutron fission xsection and GEANT4=
+
 
 +
;Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source
 +
 
 +
Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.
 +
 
 +
The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_smallpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_bigpeak.png | 150 px]]
 +
[[File: GEM_triple_twopeaks.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
=Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding=
 +
 
 +
; Without source
 +
 
 +
The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator  . Neither closing  the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box  did  make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;With a source
 +
 
 +
=Background count rate=
 +
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File: U_238_xsection_ebars.png |250 px]] ||     [[File: U_238_fxsection_12MeV.png |250 px]] || [[ File:ENDF_GEAN4_U238_fxsection.png |250 px]]
+
|Date || Time || PSD_e (counts)||  PSD_e (counts/min) || LED (low disctrinimation)(counts)||LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min)||  LED (high disctrinimation) (counts)||  LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
 +
|-
 +
|07/01/14 || 1166 || 56671 ||  49 || 2936748 || 2519 || 10 || 0.009
 +
|-
 +
|07/01/14 || 231 || 10529 ||   || 572657 ||  || 1542 ||  
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 [[File:U238-xsection.pdf]]
+
= data graphs=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;<math>S_{HLE}</math>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: B_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
;<math>S_{PSD}</math>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File: S_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]]
 +
 
 +
The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Small=<math>S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}</math>
 +
 
 +
=Testing GEM Experiment  test 10/23/13=
 +
 
 +
The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.
 +
 
 +
The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.
  
−
;absolute f_xsection in the table 7.1 p.91
 
  
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Ref. number    || inxn || data description || author || citation || notes  
+
| shutter close ||  [[File: GEM_close_1.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close_2.png | 40 px]]
−
|-(f
 
−
|809 || 238U(n,f)|| Absolute || G. Winkler et al. || 91Jülich (1991) 514 || the paper represents f_xsection ratio measurements of U_238 to Al_27, Na_24, Fe_56, Mn_56 * found in library QC770 N742 1992)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|810 || 238U(n,f)|| Absolute ||K. Merla et al. || 91Jülich (1991) 510 || * The paper represents f_xsection ratio measurements of U_238, U_235 , Np_237, and Pu_239 for 4.45 MeV, 8.46 MeV, 18.8 MeV * very accurate description for the experiment details and through the figures and the tables * found in library QC770 N742 1992)
+
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_1.png | 40 px ]]|| [[File: GEM_open_2.png | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open_3.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_open_4.png | 40 px]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=THGEM#9 Counting Experiment  test 1/4/13=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[THGEM#9 Counting Experiment]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM HV-divider circuit=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.  
 +
 
 +
<center>[[Image:GEM_HV_Dist_Net.jpg | 100px]]</center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The table below shows value of the voltage on each  preamplifier's side relative to ground.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|877 ||238U(n,f) ||Absolute ||I.M. Kuks et al. ||At. Energy 30 (1971) 55 ||*measured f_xsection U_238 fission for 2.5 MeV Neutrons
+
| <math> V_{source} \pm 1 </math>  || <math> V_{G1T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G1B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_1 \pm 1 </math>  || <math> V_{G2T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_2 \pm 1</math> || <math> V_{G3T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G3B} \pm 1 </math> || <math> \Delta V_3 \pm 1 </math>
−
|-
+
|-
−
|860 || 238U(n,f) || Absolute || N.N. Flerov et al.|| At. Energy 5 (1958) 657|| *title : antinutrino , Mean number of neutrons emitted in fission of U235 and U238 by 14-Mev neutrons, Mean number of neutrons emitted in fission of U235 and U238 by 14-Mev neutrons
+
| 2550 || 2579 ||  2259 ||304 || 1671|| 1394 || 279 ||  818|| 570 ||245 
 +
|-
 +
| 2600 || 2630 ||  2303 ||310 || 1704|| 1421 || 285 ||834|| 581 || 250
 +
|-
 +
| 2650 || 2680 || 2348 || 316|| 1737||  1449  || 290 || 850|| 592 || 255
 +
|-  
 +
| 2700 || 2731 || 2393 ||322 || 1770|| 1476 ||296 ||866|| 603 || 260
 +
|-  
 +
| 2750 || 2781 ||  2373|| 328 || 1803|| 1503 || 302 ||882|| 614 ||264
 +
|-  
 +
| 2800 || 2832 ||  2482|| 332 || 1836|| 1530|| 307 || 898|| 625 || 269
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=Done In April (edited by 04/30/10)=
 
−
1.)Testing the new laminate with random holes after applying the resistive paste on both sides. Also, the trial of applying the paste  was done, 0.1 inch brush is used for that to avoid covering the holes with the paste. the following procedure were taken:
 
  
−
a- Voltage is applied on the the foil to check the first sparking place.
+
The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).
 +
 
 +
the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately,  ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.
 +
 
 +
= GEM alpha-Beta detector counter=
 +
[[GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS=
 +
 
 +
==GEM Detector==
 +
 
 +
[[GEM performance QDC data graphs]]
 +
 
 +
[[Calibrating GEM detector]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Electronics Flow Chart==
 +
 
 +
[[File:LDS_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==GEM Detector and Scintillator==
 +
 
 +
[[GEM and Sci. data and measuurements]]
 +
 
 +
=GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC=
 +
 
 +
Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.
 +
 
 +
Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator
 +
 
 +
Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
 +
 
 +
;Summary
 +
 
 +
The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.
 +
 
 +
These modifications are:
 +
 
 +
1- The detector kipton window's area  increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)
 +
 
 +
2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)
 +
 
 +
Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.
 +
 
 +
3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[GEM performance data graphs]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Electronics Flow Chart==
 +
 
 +
[[File:IAC_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[File:IAC_n.png |200px]]
 +
 
 +
=U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield=
 +
 
 +
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]]
 +
[[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]]
 +
 
 +
[[File:U-233_fissionxyield_percent.png |200px]]
  
−
b- Applying the paste carefully on the area between the holes with very small quantities.
 
  
−
;Result:
 
  
−
a) Applying the paste shifts the sparking area to next neighboring one, so looks this will lead us to cover all the areas between the holes to kill the sparks.
+
== What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233==
  
−
b)A need to keep the foil under voltage to keep tracking of the sparks which lead unfortunately led to loss the voltage between the two copper layers.
+
===Alpha ===
  
−
Even a drop of paste got stuck in one of the holes(which has low possibility since I cleaned all the paste applied very well), or the two layers are no longer isolated from each other!
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
−
 
+
|-
 +
| nuclide || Energy (MeV)
 +
|-
 +
| Pb-213  || <span style="color:red"> 8.4</span>
 +
|-
 +
| Bi-213 || 5.9
 +
|-
 +
|At-217 ||6.3 
 +
|-
 +
|Fr-221 || 6.3
 +
|-
 +
|Th-229 ||  <span style="color:green">4.85 </span> (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)
 +
|}
  
−
2.)Final touches on the HV-circuit are done, diagrams are done by eagle with Gerber files, the chamber is ready for redesigning.
+
===Gamma===
  
−
3.)Running Th-232 fission simulation without ionization on inca and daq1. Energies 1-9MeV (inca) and 19-22 MeV(daq1)  will be done by today(04/30/10).
+
Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , [[File:u233_day_gamma.pdf]] <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>
  
−
4.)Tracking the process to get Th-232, contacting other vendors for radioactive isotopes, trying to get low cost ones.
+
The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .
  
−
=AFCRD Reports-2010=
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| nuclide || Energy Minimum || Energy Maximum (keV)
 +
|-|
 +
| U-233  || 25 || <span style="color:red"> 1,119</span>
 +
|-
 +
| Ra-225 || 40 || 40
 +
|-
 +
|Ac-225 || <span style="color:green">10.5 </span> || 758.9
 +
|-
 +
|Fr-221 || 96.8 || 410.7
 +
|-
 +
|At-217 || 140 || 593.1
 +
|-
 +
|Bi-213 || 323.81 || <span style="color:red">1,119.4 </span>
 +
|}
  
−
; Done in June (edited by 07/09/10)
 
  
−
1.)The design for the THGEM-HV circuit is submitted to the board house.
+
===Beta===
 +
 +
Beta particles are  emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>
  
−
2.) Preparing the lab for a making samples and testing the THGEM foil. Preparation includes fixing the milling machine, and finding a vendor to provide the FR4 of thickness 1 mm, coated with 17 um copper from both sides. the size of the plate should be minimum 11X 11cm to fit the inside of THGEM-detector.
+
[[File:U-233_decay_beta_energy.jpg |200px]]
  
−
3.)  Finding a vendor to make THGEM foil : making 0.5 mm holes in certain pattern described in a CAD-file.
+
U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV.  
  
−
4.) One of THGEM-foil is going to be covered by Th-232, a sample of Cerium (an stable element from the same group has close to TH-232 in physical properites) was used to test the mixing process with the paste.
+
Insert energy distribution for Betas
  
−
5.) Running the simulation using GEANT4 to calculate the fission cross for Th-232.
+
The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and  their half lives:
  
−
6.) U-238 is going to be provided, it is going to be mixed with paste as in the same procedure done by Cerium to compare the detector characteristics with one based on Th-232.
 
  
−
7.) Practicing repairing process for GEM-detector with Tamar.
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
−
;Results:
+
|-
 +
|Nuclides || energy (MeV) || half life
 +
|-
 +
| <math>Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}</math> ||<span style="color:green">0.357 </span> || 14d.
 +
|-
 +
|<math>Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}</math> || 1.426 || 46min.
 +
|-
 +
|<math>Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}</math> || <span style="color:red">1.981 </span> || 2.2 min.
 +
|-
 +
|<math>Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}</math> || 0.644 || 3.25h
 +
|-
 +
|<math>Bi^{209}</math> || 1.893 || stable
 +
|}
  
−
a.) Improving the design of PC-board to hold up a voltage up to 10 kV without any sparking or short, also to include Geiger-mode APD circuit part  if the idea get approved.
+
==What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter==
  
−
[[File:Direct observation of avalanche scintillations in a THGEM-based two-phase Ar avalanche detector using Geiger-mode APD.pdf]]
 
  
 +
=== electron shutter penetration===
  
−
b.) The milling machine was sent to a repair shop in Boise, expected to start working by the end of next week from the date above.
+
The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.
  
−
c.) Still looking for a vendor to provide copper double clad FR4 with the same properties mentioned above.
+
[[File:E_spectrum.png |90 px]]
  
−
d.)We got a Quote from a vendor to THGEM-foil but still we are waiting another two of them to compare, also checking if the  vendor  is able to deal with ones that has the radioactive materials.
+
graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)
  
−
e.) Simulation using GEANt4 needs to be improved compared with the experimental fission cross section provided by ENDF-data by creating a new ENDF-file to be a reference for GEANT4 for the Th-232 fission cross.
 
  
−
f.) To avoid accumulation of radioactive wastes, Nd (a stable element from the same group of U-238) will be mixed with the paste.
 
  
−
g.) Simulation for U-238 fission cross section started by 12 MeV energy and gave a  0.7b .
 
  
−
h.) Practicing on GEM gave an idea about required steps to finish THGEM-detector.
+
photons below were produced by above incident electron?
 +
The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter
  
−
;June
+
[[File:Photon_spectrum.png |90 px]]
  
−
*Uranium Oxide has been chosen to dope the THGEM detector's resistive paste.  Procedures are being developed to apply the dopant.
 
−
*A HV distribution board has been designed for the detector and will be procured by the end of July.
 
−
*The THGEM detector's ionization vessel has been machined to accommodate the above HV board.
 
  
−
;Done in July (edited by 07/09/10)
+
Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.
  
−
A GEANT4 simulation of the 232Th(n,f) cross section from threshold to 20 MeV showed an increase with incident neutron energy but under-predicted the experimental results by a factor of 3 when the incident neutron energy was below 7 MeV.  A simulation of 238U(n,f) under-predicted experiment by a factor of 2 for neutron energies below 5 MeV but was consistent with experiment above 5 MeV.
+
===alpha shutter penetration===
  
−
;July
+
===photons===
  
−
*A HV distribution board has been constructed and tested to sustain high voltages up to 9 kV.
+
== Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2==
−
*5 FR4 boards have been etched.  Three boards were coated with resistive paste without dopant.  4 boards have been sent out for machining the 100 precision holes for preamplification.
 
  
 +
EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).
  
  
−
;August
+
[[File:SecondaryElectron_Energy_1Mevbeta.png |90 px]]
  
−
*A set of 20 holes were machined in one of the FR4 boards etched last month in order to test for HV breakdown while waiting for the remaining FR4 boards to be machined by a vendor.
+
= The needed time to observe the GEM signal=
−
*A HV test of the above board showed a voltage breakdown at 2800 Volts when the board is immersed the detectors Argon C02 ionization gas.  Other groups have shown that a high voltage of 1550 Volts was sufficient to operate similar detectors.  The changes made to the board for this project should not impact the HV specification of 1550 Volts. The additional Voltage which is possible with our boards will serve to increase the detector gain.
 
  
−
;September & October
+
In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.
  
−
*A set of 100 holes have been machined in each of the 5,  10X10 cm  FR4 plates by the vendor.
+
The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.
−
*A test of the separation distance between the amplification board and grounded readout plane indicates that a distance of 2 mm is possible without discharges.
 
−
*The amplification stages need to be combined into a stack, tests are underway to determine the optimal separation distance between each amplification card in the stack.
 
  
−
;November
+
=THGEM card tasks and tests=
  
−
* Detector amplification factors was studied, two Coated FR4 plates were placed to test the voltage applied on each plate and the distance between the FR4 plates, the aim was to get 2 kV between the top and the bottom of the FR4 plate Ar/Co2 gas. Until this point we are achieving about 1.7 kV in Ar/Co2 gas, 2.5 mm is the least distance between the plates.
+
;New THGEM cards:
  
−
* Improving the read out system by adding a VFAT adapter card.
+
Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.
  
 +
The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.
  
−
=AFCRD Reports-2011=
+
=GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13=
  
−
= Th-232 and U-238 Activity in mCi=
+
The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.
−
General information:
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Physical properties || U-238  || Th-232
+
| shutter close || [[File: GEM_close.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close2.jpg | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open.jpg | 40 px]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Half life in years|| 4.468 X 10^9 || 1.405 X 10^10
+
| shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_7_1.jpg | 40 px ]]
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used=
 +
 
 +
The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.
 +
 
 +
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
| Long bnc cable|| [[File: GEM_longcable1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_longcable2.jpg | 40 px]]
 +
|-
 +
| Short bnc cable|| [[ File:GEM_shortcable.jpg | 40 px ]]
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Roy's detector infomation and measurements=
 +
 
 +
U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:
 +
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Decay rate per second || 4.91 X 10^-18 || 1.56 X 10^ -18
+
| Shutter position || Alpha particles /min.|| Beta particles /min.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Molar Mass g/mol || 238.02891 || 232.0381
+
| Open || 6879 || 900
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Activity of 2 kg in mCi || 0.68 || 0.22 
+
| Close || 1 || 38
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Avogadro's number is 6.0221 X 10^23 /mol
+
The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.
 +
 
 +
The activity  of the source is calculated based on the solid angle <math> \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} </math>
 +
 
 +
where '''A''' is the count per second
 +
and '''W''' is the detector solid angle.
  
−
1 Ci = 3.7 X 10^10 disintegration/ second
+
For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost <math>2\pi </math>, so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.
  
−
<math>2 \times 10^3 g \times \frac{1 mol}{238.03 g} \times \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms}{mol} \times \frac{decay}{4.4 \times 10^{9} years} \times \frac{yr}{365\times 24 \times 3600 sec} \frac{1 Ci}{3.7 \times 10^{10} decays/sec} \equiv 0.98 mCi</math>
 
  
−
<math> \ Half Life \times \ Decay Rate = ln2 </math>
+
=IAC experiment producing neutrons=
  
 +
One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target  is simulated  outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below
  
−
<math>2 \times 10^3 g \times \frac{1 mol}{238.03 g} \times \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms}{mol} \times \frac{ ln2\times \ decay}{4.4 \times 10^{9} years} \times \frac{yr}{365\times 24 \times 3600 sec} \frac{1 Ci}{3.7 \times 10^{10} decays/sec} \equiv 0.68 mCi</math>
+
[[File:moderator_nspect.png | 70 px]]
 +
 
 +
In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.
 +
 
 +
[[File:exp_setup.png | 70 px]]
  
 
=References=
 
=References=
 +
 +
 +
==THGEM design==
 +
 +
THGEM#9
 +
 +
[[Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf]]
 +
 +
 +
[[Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf]]
 +
 +
==Electric field Simulation==
 +
 +
;Rim size dependence
 +
 +
[[ file: THGEM_Efield_simulation.pdf]]
 +
 +
  
 
;2010 THGEM design(s):
 
;2010 THGEM design(s):
Line 279: Line 852:
 
  Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections
 
  Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections
  
−
[[Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf]]
+
 
  
 
http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum
 
http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum
Line 344: Line 917:
  
 
Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html
 
Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html
−
 
  
 
==RETGEMs==
 
==RETGEMs==
Line 373: Line 945:
 
Stainless Steel deflection [http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=126]
 
Stainless Steel deflection [http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=126]
  
 +
==Data Sheets==
 +
 +
radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD [[File:radioactive_surface_cleaner.pdf]].
  
 
==Th-Xsection references==
 
==Th-Xsection references==
Line 424: Line 999:
  
  
−
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TVV-46G57SW-53&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F01%2F1991&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1388383717&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c3229e061695dfa28617f9f5db1ef55d
+
[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TVV-46G57SW-53&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F01%2F1991&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1388383717&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c3229e061695dfa28617f9f5db1ef55d]]
  
 
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172
 
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172
Line 434: Line 1,009:
  
  
−
http://books.google.com/books?id=NRXnXmFRjWYC&pg=SA48-PA17&lpg=SA48-PA17&dq=depleted+uranium+coating&source=bl&ots=a6jHsdI6Ec&sig=zVxKGeD4E42gAVkr8Otg9bfpkyg&hl=en&ei=8FgtTIH1HMGC8gbNl-S-Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBThG
+
[http://books.google.com/books?id=NRXnXmFRjWYC&pg=SA48-PA17&lpg=SA48-PA17&dq=depleted+uranium+coating&source=bl&ots=a6jHsdI6Ec&sig=zVxKGeD4E42gAVkr8Otg9bfpkyg&hl=en&ei=8FgtTIH1HMGC8gbNl-S-Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBThG]
−
 
 
−
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=90&ved=0CDYQFjAJOFA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.com%2Fenergy%2Ffiles%2FIFT_Catalog.pdf&ei=RFktTPbgKYL88AbC1tSSAw&usg=AFQjCNE3VbqBWbvcKln4pJVAj8FyKfcOig
 
  
 +
[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=90&ved=0CDYQFjAJOFA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.com%2Fenergy%2Ffiles%2FIFT_Catalog.pdf&ei=RFktTPbgKYL88AbC1tSSAw&usg=AFQjCNE3VbqBWbvcKln4pJVAj8FyKfcOig]
  
 
;IAEA Photonuclear Data Library  [http://www-nds.iaea.org/photonuclear/]
 
;IAEA Photonuclear Data Library  [http://www-nds.iaea.org/photonuclear/]
Line 450: Line 1,024:
 
=Related To Gaseous Detectors=
 
=Related To Gaseous Detectors=
  
−
=Breakdown and Detector Failure  (10/21/10)=
+
==Breakdown and Detector Failure  (10/21/10)==
  
 
;Different kind of micro-pattern detectors
 
;Different kind of micro-pattern detectors
Line 526: Line 1,100:
  
 
=P_D=
 
=P_D=
 +
 +
[[Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector]]
  
 
[[H_Proposal_Defense]]
 
[[H_Proposal_Defense]]
−
 
  
 
=Vendor=
 
=Vendor=
−
==Thick Film Screen Printers==
+
===Thick Film Screen Printers===
  
 
http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers
 
http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers
Line 538: Line 1,113:
  
 
[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/TGEMS Go Back] [[TGEMS]]
 
[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/TGEMS Go Back] [[TGEMS]]
 +
 +
 +
===tektronix oscilloscope===
 +
 +
134.50.3.73
 +
 +
 +
http://134.50.203.63/
 +
 +
 +
<references/>

Latest revision as of 03:52, 2 November 2015

HM_2014

2012

2011

2010

2009

Dissertation

11/01/2015

Measurements


File:Measurements 1.pdf File:Measurements 2.pdf File:Measurements 3.pdf


Conclusion

File:Conc.pdf

alpha calibration

Ch alphaE.png


File:Raw data all.pdf


The main peaks are for the following channel numbers, 

You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units.

Ch alphap1.png Ch alphap2.png

channel Number Energy Upper limit (MeV) Energy lower limit (MeV) average energy (MeV) Notes
4828 4.90 4.79 4.85 +_ 0.02
4869 4.94 4.83 4.88 +_ 0.02

Gamma Spectrum for U-233

Gamma spect.png

Last runs

Run Number start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
9005 05/15 15:00 05/16 10:55 open off 50
9006 05/16 10:57 05/17 22:18 open on 48
9007 05/17 22:23 05/18 19:20 closed on 30
9008 05/18 21:46 05/19 19:59 closed off 30 high beta effect
9010 05/21 23:23 05/22 10:00 closed off 30 high beta effect
9023 05/26 13:06 05/26 13:17 11 open off 87 GEM2.9kV 3.6kV
9024 05/26 13:20 05/26 13:27 7 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased)
9032 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 open off 87 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown)
9033 06/13 12:35 06/13 12:45 10 closed off 26 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9034 06/15 20:55 06/15 21:05 10 open off 45 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9035 06/15 21:06 06/13 21:16 10 closed off 27 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9036 06/17 14:48 06/17 14:58 10 closed off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV
9037 06/17 14:59 06/17 14:09 10 open off 28 GEM2.8kV 3.5kV

The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter.

QDC TDC PS-ADC setup

Peak sensing gate

GEM PS gate.png

QDC gate

GEM QDC gate.png


TDC start

TDC pulser.png


TDC STOP

TDC GEM.png

QDC shows a difference

QDC source on off 7724 7726.png

Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak

Changes from the former set up
  1. Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC.
  2. Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below:
Lost

PS l1.png

Detected


PS d1.pngPS d2.png


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7435 08/24/14 19:30:48 19:55:32 open on 400 a peak is noticed on channel 400
7436 08/24/14 19:59:05 20:40:11 open off 216 the peak disappeared
7438 08/24/14 19:59:05 10:00:00 open on 0.0146 triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355
7444 08/25/14 21:17:25 21:20:35 open on 230 gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared Gate delay700ns.png
7446 08/25/14 21:29:51 21:38:55 open off 185 does not count for P_B. peak disappeared


Shutteropen sourceon off.png

unknown gas mixed bottle measurements

Updates

Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph.

Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise.

Channels and signals


device ch input source
ADC 5 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 7 15 GEM's trigout
Peak sensing 5 11 PMT Left
Peak sensing 8 17 PMT right
PS translator
TDC 25 PMT L
TDC 27 GEM's trigout
TDC 29 PMT R
TDC 31 (Stopper) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
CAEN N638
TDC 17 PMT L
TDC B2 18 GEM's trigout multi-hit
TDC B6 22 GEM's B_p
TDC 21 PMT R
TDC 6 30 (pulser) triple coincidence (OR Mode)
TDC 7 23 delayed GEM's trigout


Run Number Date start end Time (min) Shutter Source Count rate (counts/min) Notes
7273 08/06/14 07:10:38 11:41:00 12502 open off 67 0.1 flow rate
7274 08/06/14 11:49:35 18:15:01 23126 closed off 39 0.1 flow rate
7275 08/06/14 20:37:07 09:10:10 closed off 40 0.2 flow rate
7276 08/06/14 09:15:00 09:32:00 open off 80 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100
7277 08/06/14 09:33:08 11:40:42 7654 open off 81 0.2
7295 08/08/14 17:36:58 19:55:59 4741 closed off 60 0.2
7296 08/08/14 22:28:01 23:43:14 closed off 58 0.3
7297 08/08/14 23:48:14 12:08:00 37186 open off 93 0.3
7298 08/09/14 00:16:14 06:08:03 21109 closed off 56 0.3
7299 08/10/14 19:27:12 20:09:04 2152 closed on 107 0.1
7300 08/10/14 20:11:30 20:46:29 2099 open on 136 0.1
7302 08/11/14 06:53:14 07:22:45 1771 closed on 114 0.2
7303 08/11/14 07:26:58 07:48:01 1263 open on 167 0.2
7305 08/11/14 13:21:16 13:55:05 2029 open on 178 0.3
7306 08/11/14 14:41:00 15:40:00 3540 closed on 110 0.3
7307 08/14/14 08:14:15 08:20:39 384 closed off 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only)
7308 08/14/14 08:22:43 08:29:23 open off 1314 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC
7309 08/14/14 08:35:09 09:45:37 4229 open off 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7310 08/14/14 09:46:12 11:18:39 5547 open off 54 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7311 08/14/14 11:19:45 13:01:57 6132 open off 52 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7312 08/14/14 13:10:50 14:28:07 4637 open off 72 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less.
7313 08/14/14 14:30:24 15:38: 48 4056 open off 80 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7314 08/14/14 15:41: 52 16:46:55 3897 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7315 08/14/14 16:49: 59 19:14:30 8729 open on 148 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7316 08/14/14 19:18:43 22:14:07 10596 open on 147 0.1 flow rate as is used to be
7317 08/14/14 22:18:24 10:18:52 43220 open on 0.0095 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7318 08/15/14 10:24:00 12:42:23 8303 open on 147 0.1 flow rate
7319 08/15/14 12:46:14 15:46:09 10795 open on 148 0.1 flow rate
7323 08/15-16/14 16:59:39 06:03:11 46970 open off 0.0011 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7329 08/16/14 07:06:32 10:35:35 12543 open off 83 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R
7330 08/16/14 10:41:58 12:48:33 7595 open on 146 0.1 flow rate
7331 08/16-17/14 12:52:07 06:45:03 64384 open off 0.0016 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty!
7332 08/17/14 06:52:26 07:04:45 739 open on 1367 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator
7333 08/17/14 07:05:50 08:53:54 open on 155 0.1 flow rate
7334 08/17/14 08:57:02 13:13:38 open off 82 0.1 flow rate
7337 08/17/14 14:17:24 14:30:29 open on 1400 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V), noise measurements with the wave generator
7338 08/17/14 14:31:37 16:17:45 open on 163 0.1 flow rate
7339 08/17/14 16:20:25 16:35:45 open off 1368 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator
7340 08/17/14 16:37:01 20:33:04 open off 95 0.1 flow rate
7341 08/17-18/14 20:40:16 06:18:43 open off 0.0015 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7342 08/18/14 06:25:44 06:37:43 open on 1403 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements
7345 08/18/14 06:39:23 14:17:58 open on 0.0128 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence
7355 08/18/14 16:03:29 19:59:51 open off 75 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used
7356 08/18/14 20:03:05 20:07:58 open on 2k 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement
7357 08/18/14 20:08:43 22:48:22 open on 142 0.1 flow rate
7358 08/18-19/14 22:53:13 10:52:44 open on 0.0082 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence
7359 08/19/14 10:55:49 10:59:52 open on 2.1k 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement
7360 08/19/14 11:00:38 14:26:38 open on 156 0.1 flow rate noise measurement with 1 Hz sampling
7361 08/19/14 14:40:49 18:25:00 open on 0 0.1 flow rate with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate)
7362 08/19/14 18:33:15 18:38:54 open on 1.5k 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7363 08/19-20/14 18:39:46 13:39:45 open on 0.0081 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR)
7364 08/20/14 13:44:56 13:50:57 open off 1.55k 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7367 08/20/14 15:08:27 16:49:37 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH
7368 08/20/14 16:53:42 17:15:49 open on 154 0.1 flow rate
7369 08/20/14 17:17:39 20:28:43 open off 86 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50
7479 08/27/14 10:02:21 10:42:09 open on 64 0.1 flow rate,
7480 08/27/14 10:46:18 14:17:22 open off 11 0.1 flow rate,
7481 08/27/14 14:19:33 14:43:39 close on 78 0.1 flow rate,
7488 08/27/14 16:16:37 16:48:53 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,
7491 08/27/14 18:09:27 18:59:05 open on 86 0.1 flow rate,


Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14

Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following


Source On Source Off
7507 7506
7509 7508
7511 7510
7513 7512
7515 7514
7517 7516
7519 7518
7521 7520


Unknownbootle measurements 06 13.pngUnknownbootle measurements 14 21.png


Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most.

Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts.

The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref>

Temp signal effect.jpg

Flow rate and figures

03 flow rate

03 sourceOn.png 03 sourceoff.png 03 openOn off sub.png

02 flow rate

02 sourceOn.png 02 sourceoff.png 02 openOn off sub.png

01 flow rate

01 sourceOn.png 01 sourceoff.png

Common Start Common Stop exchange

Edit the file

cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/

as the following:

for common start comment: 

/* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

for common stop uncomment: 

 c775CommonStop(TDC_ID);

Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233

Photons

Photoabosorption Ar.png Photoabosorption CO2.png Photoabosorption Ar CO2.png

Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html


Electrons

Electron ion Ar.png

Ref. :

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 File:Electron ionization Ar.pdf


Alpha Particles

Alpha ionization.png

Ref. :

http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/

Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75

Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator

Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source
Date Time No. of Counts (counts) Count rate (counts/min)
07/09/14 1066 659005 618
07/10/14 538 368974 686


Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source

Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding.

The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal.


GEM triple smallpeak.png GEM triple bigpeak.png GEM triple twopeaks.png

Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding

Without source

The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator . Neither closing the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box did make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator.


With a source

Background count rate

Date Time PSD_e (counts) PSD_e (counts/min) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts) LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts) LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min)
07/01/14 1166 56671 49 2936748 2519 10 0.009
07/01/14 231 10529 572657 1542


data graphs

[math]S_{HLE}[/math]


B pdaily counts.png

The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement.


[math]S_{PSD}[/math]


S pdaily counts.png

The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on). 


Small=[math]S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}[/math]

Testing GEM Experiment test 10/23/13

The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively.

The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close.


shutter close GEM close 1.png GEM close 2.png
shutter open GEM open 1.png GEM open 2.png GEM open 3.png GEM open 4.png

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment test 1/4/13

THGEM#9 Counting Experiment

GEM HV-divider circuit

GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier.

GEM HV Dist Net.jpg


The table below shows value of the voltage on each preamplifier's side relative to ground.


[math] V_{source} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G1B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_1 \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G2B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_2 \pm 1[/math] [math] V_{G3T} \pm 1 [/math] [math] V_{G3B} \pm 1 [/math] [math] \Delta V_3 \pm 1 [/math]
2550 2579 2259 304 1671 1394 279 818 570 245
2600 2630 2303 310 1704 1421 285 834 581 250
2650 2680 2348 316 1737 1449 290 850 592 255
2700 2731 2393 322 1770 1476 296 866 603 260
2750 2781 2373 328 1803 1503 302 882 614 264
2800 2832 2482 332 1836 1530 307 898 625 269



The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1).

the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM.

GEM alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS

GEM Detector

GEM performance QDC data graphs

Calibrating GEM detector


Electronics Flow Chart

LDS electronics flow chart.png


GEM Detector and Scintillator

GEM and Sci. data and measuurements

GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC

Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ.

Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator

Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup
Summary

The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design.

These modifications are:

1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm)

2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm)

Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup.

3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window.


GEM performance data graphs


Electronics Flow Chart

IAC electronics flow chart.png


200px

U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield

U-233 fissionxsection 0.01-100MeV.gif U-233 fissionxsection fullenergyrange.gif

U-233 fissionxyield percent.png


What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233

Alpha

nuclide Energy (MeV)
Pb-213 8.4
Bi-213 5.9
At-217 6.3
Fr-221 6.3
Th-229 4.85 (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV)

Gamma

Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , File:U233 day gamma.pdf <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref>

The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table .

nuclide Energy Minimum Energy Maximum (keV)
U-233 25 1,119
Ra-225 40 40
Ac-225 10.5 758.9
Fr-221 96.8 410.7
At-217 140 593.1
Bi-213 323.81 1,119.4


Beta

Beta particles are emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref>

U-233 decay beta energy.jpg

U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV. 

Insert energy distribution for Betas

The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and their half lives:


Nuclides energy (MeV) half life
[math]Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}[/math] 0.357 14d.
[math]Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}[/math] 1.426 46min.
[math]Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}[/math] 1.981 2.2 min.
[math]Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}[/math] 0.644 3.25h
[math]Bi^{209}[/math] 1.893 stable

What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter

electron shutter penetration

The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter.

E spectrum.png 

graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?)




photons below were produced by above incident electron?

The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter

Photon spectrum.png


Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below.

alpha shutter penetration

photons

Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2

EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron).


SecondaryElectron Energy 1Mevbeta.png

The needed time to observe the GEM signal

In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1.

The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1.

THGEM card tasks and tests

New THGEM cards

Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber.

The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects.

GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13

The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close.

shutter close GEM close.jpg GEM close1.jpg GEM close2.jpg GEM open.jpg
shutter open GEM open 7 1.jpg


GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used

The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%.


Long bnc cable GEM longcable1.jpg GEM longcable2.jpg
Short bnc cable GEM shortcable.jpg


Roy's detector infomation and measurements

U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below:

Shutter position Alpha particles /min. Beta particles /min.
Open 6879 900
Close 1 38

The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm.

The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle [math] \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} [/math]

where A is the count per second and W is the detector solid angle.

For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost [math]2\pi [/math], so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second.


IAC experiment producing neutrons

One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target is simulated outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below

Moderator nspect.png

In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester.

Exp setup.png

References

THGEM design

THGEM#9

Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf


Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf

Electric field Simulation

Rim size dependence

File:THGEM Efield simulation.pdf


2010 THGEM design(s)

File:THGEM 2009 design gas efficiency.pdf


Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter 

Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections


http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum


http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002

http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html

http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119

NIM_A535_2004_93[1]


File:NIM A590 2008 pg134 Eberhardt.pdf Prep Targets

Neutron cross sections for different elements Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf

http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/

Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg

Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg

Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg

Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg

Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg

Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg

Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg

Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg

Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg

Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf

File:NSAE 151 2005 319-334 Y.D. Lee.pdf

TGEM-2009 File:TGEM 2009.pdf

12 Volt power supply system.

http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf

http://electrontube.com.Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board

http://wikipedia.org

A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos

GEANT4_Paticles_Models[2]

Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html

RETGEMs

Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf‎


Media:2010_INST_5_P03002.pdf‎

Thick GEM COBRA

Media:THGEM_COBRA_08_10.pdf‎


Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf

Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf

Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf

http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm


http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1

Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[3]

Stainless Steel deflection [4]

Data Sheets

radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD File:Radioactive surface cleaner.pdf.

Th-Xsection references

File:Th-232 fxsection Behrens 0.7-1.4MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Blons 1975 1.2-1.8MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection ermagambetov 0-3MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Henkel 0-9MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection Ohsawa original.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection pankratov 3-35MeV.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection protopopov distancefromthesource.pdf

File:Th-232 fxsection rago 12.5-18MeV.pdf

U-238-Xsection and coating references

relative cross section and calibration samples characteristics for a well determined number of fissions per second

File:Eismont relative absolute nf induced intermediate energy.pdf


U_238 cross section error analysis

INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 File:U238-xsection.pdf

U_238 (0.5-4MeV) and Th_232 (1-6MeV) fission cross section with statistical error.File:Th-232 U238 xsetion data ebars.txt


File:Pankratov fxsection Th232 U233 U235 Np237 U238 5-37MeV.pdf


Thorium Coating

ThF4 target for sputtering coatings

http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm

Machining Uranium

Uranium will ignite in powder form


http://www.springerlink.com/content/rr072r52163x0833/

coating Uranium


[[5]]

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172

Calorimeters/Detectors: DU sheet is in wide-scale use as an absorber material in high-energy physics research at large accelerator laboratories. The high atomic number and density of DU presents a large number of atoms per unit volume to interact with the particles emerging from collisions in these detectors. Also the slight background radiation from DU enables in situ calibration of the electronic read out devices within such detectors, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

http://www.2spi.com/catalog/chem/depleted-uranium-products.html


[6]

[7]

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library [8]
Data Acquisition

Warren_logbook[9]


Warren_Thesis [10]

Related To Gaseous Detectors

Breakdown and Detector Failure (10/21/10)

Different kind of micro-pattern detectors



References

1- A. Bressan, M. Hocha : NIM A 424 (1999) 321—342 File:High rate behavior and discharge limits in micro-pattern detectors .pdf

2- Fonte and Peskov IEEE 1999 :File:Fundamental limitations of high rate gaseous detectors.pdf

3- B. Schmidt: NIM A 419 (1998) 230—238 File:Microstrip gas chambers Recent developments radiation damage.pdf

Ideas

1.) Can we mix resistive paste (Encre MINICO) with TH-232. We construct a "bed of nails" to place a predrilled G-10 board with a copper border. The nails fill in the holes of the G-10 to keep the paste out. Ecre MINICO is a resistive paste used for transistors.

a.) Get some resistive paste.


http://www.leggesystems.com/p-253-elimstat-uxm-ccp.aspx

Resistive glue to compare

File:Duralco 4461.pdf


http://www.ellsworth.com/conformal.html?tab=Products

http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=764&Tab=Products


http://www.ellsworth.com/display/productdetail.html?productid=2067&Tab=Products

http://www.cotronics.com/vo/cotr/ea_electricalresistant.htm


b.) mix with a metal similar to Th-232.

c.) construct bed of 0.4 mm nails. Look for 0.4 mm diameter pins.

7/31/2009

New vendor for carbon paste.

http://www.electrapolymers.com/productItem.asp?id=33

The data sheet does not show any information about the thickness of the paste.

The company has a distributor in the usa (877)-867-9668. A phone call is expected on Sat. 8/3/2009 about the availability of the product.

TGEM Mask Design

Coating U-238 or Th-232 is essential for neutron detection in the range 2-14 MeV, but THGEM contains holes that should be protected from any coating material. So, a mask is designed to cover these holes. The holes are in drilled to be on the corners of hexagonal of 1mm side length as in the figure:

Hexagonal representaion holes 04mm 1mmc2c.jpg


The mask is made of stainless steel, 10 um laser tolerance with cut the plate to get the shape in the figure:

Holes covered by mask.jpeg

Please look at the following files for more details:

Make number bold black font. Add color so it is clear that they are holes in a material.

File:Copper foil 04mm.pdf

File:Holes mask together.pdf


TGEM_Mask_Design

P_D

Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector

H_Proposal_Defense

Vendor

Thick Film Screen Printers

http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers

http://www.marubeni-sunnyvale.com/screen_printing.html

Go Back TGEMS


tektronix oscilloscope

134.50.3.73


http://134.50.203.63/ 


<references/>
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