|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | Haithem's logbook for developing neutron sensitive TGEM detector
| + | [[HM_2014]] |
| | | | |
| | + | [[2012]] |
| | | | |
| − | =1/23/09=
| + | [[2011]] |
| | | | |
| − | == image==
| + | [[2010]] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:Generic_SideView_GEMDetector.jpg]] | + | [[2009]] |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Search the web for patent which coats GEM detector with neutron sensitive materials. I think it is for Thermal neutrons.
| + | =Dissertation= |
| | | | |
| | + | ;11/01/2015 |
| | | | |
| − | Materials of high neutron capture cross section are studied widely, an example is the following patent
| + | Measurements |
| − | [[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Image:Detector.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Most of the high neutron capture cross section materials were measured for different neutron energies. A comprehensive work is published in 2000. The project was supported by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and Brookhaven National Laboratory [[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Image:Different_cross_sections.pdf]]
| + | [[File:measurements_1.pdf]] |
| | + | [[File:measurements_2.pdf]] |
| | + | [[File:measurements_3.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | U-235 is the one of the best choices since it has a high neutron fission cross section and a long half life compared to other the other isotopes that may come under choice.
| |
| | | | |
| − | A second choice is Th-238 and U-238 which have fission cross section less than that of U-235 but still good for our experiment.[[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Image:Fission_cross_section_for_U238%2CTh238.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| | + | Conclusion |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:conc.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | + | =alpha calibration= |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:ch_alphaE.png | 150px]] |
| | | | |
| − | A boron coated GEM foil is being made by the company below
| |
| − | http://n-cdt.com/
| |
| | | | |
| − | Another method uses BF3.
| + | [[File:Raw_data_all.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | We are interested in a fissionable material coated onto the copper foils that is thin enough to allow the fission fragments to escape the foil and ionize the gas in the detector.
| |
| | | | |
| | + | The main peaks are for the following channel numbers, |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) Search for companies which use either sputtering or coating technology to apply the above material to caopper PCboards with hole int them such that the material does not fill up the hole. Hole diameter = ?
| + | You need to redo these plots in publication quality with proper axis labels containing units. |
| | | | |
| − | The material sputter onto the copper would have thickness on the order of Angstroms.
| + | [[File:ch_alphap1.png | 150px]] |
| − | | + | [[File:ch_alphap2.png | 150px]] |
| − | The TGEM PCboard would have a surface area of 10 cm x 10 cm.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) Current neutron efficiency plots for several detector
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image:NeutronDetectionEfficiency-vs-Energy_He3_Tube_PND_INL.jpg | 200 px]] | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Media:NeutronDetectionEfficiency-vs-Energy_Ne-213_BaF.pdf]] | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image:NeutronDetectionEfficiency-vs-Energy_BC-408_Scintillator.jpg | 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image:NeutronDetectionEfficiency-vs-Energy_GEM_BoronCoatedFoil_Neutron_Efficiency.jpg| 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =1/30/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) Investigate if Thorium Oxide will be a good candidate for the fission chamber. You would use electrolysis to coat a TGEM board.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Ways to make thorium fission chamber
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Find reference for THGEM9, this was used to determine optimal THGEM design 2 years ago
| |
| − | | |
| − | GEM-copper plate has dimensions of 3X3cm or 10X10cm with thinkness 5 micrometer copper layers.It has holes with diameter 60-80 micrometer.[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/images/0/0f/01352098.pdf (From Operation of a triple GEM detector with CsI photocathode in pure BF4)]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =2/6/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | Thin deposition ThO2 molecular plating
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJM-4S03R9J-C&_user=489297&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000023739&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=489297&md5=cd4314aa4ce529c19369900da39fbbe1
| |
| − | | |
| − | =2/13/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | Check if the people below can deliver Th coated Al or Cu sheets , coating thickness smaller than 5 micron, the thinner the better.
| |
| − | http://www-wnt.gsi.de/tasca/
| |
| − | | |
| − | =2/20/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2.5 x 2.5 cm thorium coated TGEM cards coated by ISU chemistry.
| |
| − | | |
| − | chemistry Department cant not do the sputtering for safety purposes, they like to avoid radiation contamination.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Need a mask for the predrilled TGEM cards to prevent Thorium from entering holes
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Radioactive waste procedure if we are allowed to sputter in chemistry.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Write report describing the process we want to do.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[ThoriumPlatingTGEMproposal]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Radioactiving of Thorium may be a stumbling blog because of waste generated.
| |
| − | | |
| − | If we go for non-radioactive materials look up fission X-sect for [http://www.americanelements.com/bifoil.html Bismuth] and [http://www.americanelements.com/dyfoil.html Dysprosium]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Fission cross section for Bi starts to be effective when the neutron energy is more than the range of interest.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Image:Neutron_induced_fission_cross_section_for_Bi.jpg | 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Dy-isotopes are very good for absorbing neutrons in the range between 0.01- 10 MeV.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image:Dy_neutron_cross_sections.jpg | 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Media:Zaidi_RadChem_vol93_2005.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =2/27/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) Dysprosium (Dy) makes a lot of gammas and maybe 100 less alphas
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Don't give up trying to make thorium coated materials
| |
| − | | |
| − | try to send e-mail to one of these authors
| |
| − | | |
| − | N. Takahashi, Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei
| |
| − | Volume 353, Number 1 / March, 1995
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) Fission cross-section n,f for Tb
| |
| − | | |
| − | =3/13/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) look for a company that does resistive evaporative coatings
| |
| − | | |
| − | This company sells the machine
| |
| − | http://www.lesker.com/newweb/Deposition_Sources/ThermalEvaporationSources_Resistive.cfm
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2.)(n,f) X-sect for Dysprosium (Dy) ?
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) Thorium and thorium oxide thin films (19 to 61 nm thick) were RF-sputtered onto mirrors. RF sputtering onto copper plates?
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The neutron fission cross sections of 92235U and 92238U between 0.3 and 12.5 MeV
| |
| − | W W Osterhage et al 1978 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 4 587-595
| |
| − | | |
| − | http://www.inf.uu.se/Reports/publications.html
| |
| − | | |
| − | Neutron-induced fission cross sections of natPb and 197Au in the 45-180 MeV region,
| |
| − | V.P. Eismont, A.V. Prokofiev, A.N. Smirnov, S.M. Soloviev, H. Condé, K. Elmgren, N. Olsson and P.-U. Renberg
| |
| − | Conference Proc. ADTTA99, 1999, (in press).
| |
| − | | |
| − | Up-to-date status and problems of the experimental nucleon-induced fission cross section data base at intermediate energies,
| |
| − | V.P. Eismont, A.V. Prokofiev, A.N. Smirnov, I.V. Ryzhov, G.A. Tutin, H. Cond, K. Elmgren, N. Olsson and P.-U. Renberg,
| |
| − | Proc. ADTTA99, 1999, (in press).
| |
| − | | |
| − | Neutron-induced fission cross section ratios of 209Bi and 238U at 75 and 96 MeV,
| |
| − | V.P. Eismont, A.V. Kireev, I.V. Ryzhov, S.M. Soloviev, G.A. Tutin, H. Condé, K. Elmgren, N. Olsson and P.-U. Renberg,
| |
| − | Proc. ADTTA99, 1999, (in press).
| |
| − | | |
| − | Neutron-induced fission fragment angular distribution of 238U at 96 MeV,
| |
| − | V.P. Eismont, A.V. Kireev, I.V. Ryzhov, S.M. Soloviev, G.A. Tutin, H. Condé, K. Elmgren, N. Olsson and P.-U. Renberg
| |
| − | Proc. ADTTA99, 1999, (in press).
| |
| − | | |
| − | Measurements of neutron-induced fission cross sections of heavy nuclei in the intermediate energy region,
| |
| − | V.P. Eismont, A.V. Prokofyev, A.N. Smirnov, K. Elmgren, J. Blomgren, H. Condé, J. Nilsson, N. Olsson and E. Ramström,
| |
| − | Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technologies and Applications, Kalmar, ed. H. Condé (Uppsala: Uppsala University, 1997) p 606-612.
| |
| − | | |
| − | =4/2/09=
| |
| − | Summury of events through the last two weeks:
| |
| − | 1- Looking for a neutron fission cross section for Dyspromium.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2- Looking for other possile elements that can be sued beside our choices for Thorium and Dysprosium.
| |
| − | these elemets should have a high neutron cross for fission (n,f),(n,gamma),(n,p) or (n,alpha).
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3- Using Neutrons cross sections (by D. Hughes and R. Schwartz, 2nd edition, 1957) as comphensive reference for our choice.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''
| |
| − | == Comparison between Thorium and Dysprosium ==
| |
| − | .'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Thorium: chacterized by relatively high neutron fission cross for both of its isotopes (Th-232 nad Th-230) compared to the stable elements but it is one of low fission cross sections compared to radioctive actinides. A lot of efforts are spent even in coating or finding the appropriate place or group to do that, since most of people are totally disencouraged to coat radioctive elements.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image: Table_of_different_neutron_fission_cross_11MeV_-_13_MeV.jpg| 300 px]] [[Image:Th-232_fission_cross_section.jpg | 300 px]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | | |
| − | Dysprosium: radioactively stable,it has 5 isotopes Dy-160, 161, 162, 163 and 164. It is one of the best elements for detecting the neutrons because of high neutron capture cross section in the energy range of interest.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image: total and capture neutron cross sections for dy- 160 until 20 mev.jpg | 200 px]] [[Image:total and capture neutron cross sections for dy- 161 until 20 mev.jpg | 200 px]][[Image:total and capture neutron cross sections for dy- 162 until 20 mev.jpg | 200 px]] [[Image:total and capture neutron cross sections for dy- 163 until 20 mev.jpg | 200 px]][[Image: total and capture neutron cross sections for dy- 164 until 20 mev.jpg | 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Also dysprosium pulls out alpha paticles (σ(n,α)= 3.6 mb at 14.2 MeV).
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Other Possible Elements ==
| |
| − | .'''
| |
| − | Generally,the highest values for neutron cross sections (σ(n,f), σ(n,p), σ(n,γ) and σ(n,α)) are for radioactive isotopes, which are not desirable for coating. Fortunately, there are non- radioactive elements have a relatively high neutron cross sections, for example:
| |
| − | | |
| − | σ(n,γ) at 0.025 MeV (in mb): Gd-158(710(70)), Sm-152 (670(100)), Br-81 (550(55)), Sm-154 (530(70)), Ce-142 (425(45)),
| |
| − | | |
| − | Hf-180(440(70)), Ru-96(320(60)), Ru-102 (390(40)), W-186 (300(40)), Zr-96 (240(40)), Hg-202(57(13))
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | σ(n,γ) at 1 MeV (in mb): Re-185(180), (390(40)), Ru-102 (30), Ru-104 (31), Hg-204(100), Br-81 (17)
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | σ(n,γ) at 14.5 MeV (in mb): Gd-160 (19(5)), Zr-96 (<4),
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Element || X-sect (mb) | + | |channel Number|| Energy Upper limit (MeV)|| Energy lower limit (MeV)|| average energy (MeV)|| Notes |
| − | |- | |
| − | | Re-185 ||180 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Ru-102 ||390 | + | | 4828 || 4.90 || 4.79 || 4.85 +_ 0.02 || |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | + | | 4869 || 4.94 || 4.83 || 4.88 +_ 0.02 || |
| − | | |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | =4/3/09= | + | =Gamma Spectrum for U-233= |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) Derive equations for voltages at each GEM stage and the net current for our voltage network and check them with measured values for the 4kV version of the voltage network.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Reference [J.C. hadler, Radiation Measurements Vol 43 (2008) pf S334-S336] says
| |
| − | | |
| − | # R = 14 \mu m = mean range of fission fragment6s in U_3 O_8
| |
| − | #R= 12 um for UO_3
| |
| − | #0.1 um thickness U( Th) will reduce mean length of fission tracks by 2%
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) Plot N -vs- d using Equation 2 of Reference [J.C. hadler, Radiation Measurements Vol 43 (2008) pf S334
| |
| − | The number of particles per unit area is given by the equation:
| |
| − | <math>N = 2/d *(1 - d/12.07) + 1/12.07 </math>
| |
| − | d : the thickness in (um)
| |
| − | | |
| − | The range of the fragments in the emulsion is 12.07 um
| |
| − | [[Image:fragment vs thickness (Hudler).jpg]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | =4/17/09= | |
| − | A call conference with Dr.Wolfe, As result, the following is considered as next step for the project:
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1- Check the melting temperature that a PC boeard can hold ( the size of the chamber can hold the 10 X 10 PC board ).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The experiment is done, the temperature in average was aroubd 305oC, the PC board can hold that temperature easily,
| |
| − | the PC board was just burned since the medium around is O2, but there is one thing I want ot be sure of, if the PC board has a very light layer of certain material covers its surface and can't hold up that temeperature?
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An experiment is done today (4/30/09) to check the PC board behavior at 350oC.
| |
| − | A peace of copper sticked by normal used glue.
| |
| − | [[Image:PC-board 1.jpg| 200 px]]
| |
| − | PC boeard can't hold up the temperature 350oC.
| |
| − | [[Image:PC board_3.jpg| 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| | | | |
| − |
| + | [[File:gamma_spect.png | 150px]] |
| − | 2- Checking from a vender for chunk bulk ThF4 with size min. 30 cc.
| |
| | | | |
| − | 3- Checking the thermal properties of ThF4 specially the melting point and if Thorium is adhere to copper in that temperature.
| + | = Last runs= |
| | | | |
| − | 4- A mask should be prepared from stainless steal (Al is not preferable),inaddtion to thinking of drilling process and who
| |
| − | is going to do it.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Laser machining can cut 1" stainless steel sheets
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 5- Dr. Forest is going to send the email after collecting all the information needed to Dr. Wolfe.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Coaing process is going to be by electron beam, thorium should be heated to 1750 C. (the melting point for pure Th).
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Until this point the uniformity of the surface is not an important factor, but I think it would be important whenever we start thinking of the track and the direction for Th fission fragments.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =4/23/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1- Check the melting temperature that a PC board can hold ( the size of the chamber can hold the 10 X 10 PC board ).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Basically FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3 PCB are made of polytetrafluoroethylene which has
| |
| − | (327 °C (620.6 °F))as a melting point.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The experiment is done, the temperature in average was around 305 °C, the PC board can hold that temperature easily,the PC board was just burned since the medium contains O2, but there is one thing I want to be sure of, if the PC board has a very light layer of certain material covers its surface?
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2- Checking from a vender for chunk bulk ThF4 with size min. 30 cc.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | http://www.element-collection.com/RGB_Elements_OCT04_rev05.pdf
| |
| − | Element-collection sells thorium with 190$/gram !
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3- Will Thorium adhere to copper
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Thorium flouride is used for optical purposes, according the technical applications they have a number of recommendations related to sputtering by E-beam, and other materials that helps in thorium flouride adhesion.[http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Looks there is a little change, Dr. Forest is going to check a vendor for U-238, which has a better fission cross section (3 times higher compared to Th-232),in addition to , the high price for Th-232 and risk of having flakes after sputtering, Throium by itself does not adhere with the surfaces unless other materials are used through the sputtering process (as methioned in the case of coating glass with thorium fluoride).
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =5/1/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) Results from PCboard heating test: Board melts at 350 but not 310 degrees Celcius (Documents suggest 327 as the melting point.)
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Before heating to 350<math>^o C</math> ||After Heating to 350<math>^o C</math> | + | |Run Number||start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source || Count rate (counts/min) || Notes |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | [[Image:PC-board 2.jpg | 200 px]] ||[[Image:PC board_6.jpg| 200 px]] | + | |9005 || 05/15 15:00 || 05/16 10:55 || || open || off || 50 || |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Before heating to 298<math>^o C</math> ||After Heating to 298 <math>^o C</math> | + | |9006 || 05/16 10:57 || 05/17 22:18 || || open || on || 48|| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | [[Image:PC board before 298.jpg | 200 px]] ||[[Image:PC-board at 298.jpg| 200 px]] | + | |9007 || 05/17 22:23 || 05/18 19:20 || || closed || on || 30 || |
| − | |} | + | |- |
| − | | + | |9008 || 05/18 21:46 || 05/19 19:59 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect |
| − | The experiment is done on the PC-board, it was heated for an hour under 298°C.
| + | |- |
| − | The result is shown by the second photo, looks that PC-board should be replaced by another material that can hold this temeperature for longer time.
| + | |9010 || 05/21 23:23 || 05/22 10:00 || || closed || off || 30 || high beta effect |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | 2.) Oak Ridge will give us 1 kg of metal Th-232. We pay for shipping and we need to do rad licenses. Dr. Forest e-mail Dr. Brey and the paper work is beginning.
| + | |9023 || 05/26 13:06 || 05/26 13:17|| 11 || open || off || 87 || GEM2.9kV 3.6kV |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | Contact info
| + | |9024 || 05/26 13:20 || 05/26 13:27|| 7 || closed || off || 26 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (beta effect decreased) |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | Lloyd J. Jollay
| + | |9032 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || open || off || 87 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV (ISU power shutdown) |
| − | Manager Nuclear Technology and Nonproliferation
| + | |- |
| − | Y-12 National Security Complex
| + | |9033 || 06/13 12:35 || 06/13 12:45|| 10 || closed || off || 26 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV |
| − | P.O. Box 2009
| + | |- |
| − | Oak Ridge, TN 37831-8112
| + | |9034 || 06/15 20:55 || 06/15 21:05|| 10 || open || off || 45 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV |
| − | Office: 865-241-1872
| + | |- |
| − | Fax: 865-574-5169
| + | |9035 || 06/15 21:06 || 06/13 21:16|| 10 || closed || off || 27 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV |
| − | Pager: 865-873-9146
| + | |- |
| − | Mobile: 865-206-9663
| + | |9036 || 06/17 14:48 || 06/17 14:58|| 10 || closed || off || 28 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) Laser cutting can do up to 1" thick stainless steel sheets, we can make a mask! Need to learn CAD to create a drawing of the mask which will be uploaded to the laser cutting machine. make tolerances around 500 micron (1/2 mm). | |
| − | Insert picture of our GEM PC board with a table of distances. | |
| − | | |
| − | 4.) Meting Point for U-238 =?
| |
| − | | |
| − | Melting Point: 1408 K (1135°C or 2075°F). Boiling Point: 4404 K (4131°C or 7468°F)
| |
| − | | |
| − | =5/8/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) It appears the FR-7 melts at 220 celsius so we may not be able to coat copper clad FR4 with U-28 or Th-232. This means we will most likely coat a copper sheet which is attached to a frame for tension and then laminate FR4 after we have coated the copper sheet with U-28 or The-232.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Determine melting point of our current PC boards. | |
| − | | |
| − | Melting point for the PC board is 260 degrees Celsius,within this degree a change took place in the shape of the board which will make the possibility to use it for sputtering process is very little, the color of the PC-board starts to change at 200 degrees Celsius.
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 200 <math>^o C</math> ||210 <math>^o C</math> || 260 <math>^o C</math> | + | |9037 || 06/17 14:59 || 06/17 14:09|| 10 || open || off || 28 || GEM2.8kV 3.5kV |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | [[Image: PC_200.jpg | 200 px]]|| [[Image:PC board at 210 degrees.jpg | 200 px]] ||[[Image:PC _ 260.jpg| 200 px]], [[Image:PC _ 260 top.jpg| 200 px]]
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) The distance between holes in the TGEM appear to be 1mm. A laser can cut through 1" of stainless steel. What accuracy can the laser have when cutting through the thinnest available SS we want to use for a mask.
| + | The charge spectrum returned to were it was before the neutron exposure after 29 days for closed shutter. |
| − | | |
| − | Find laser resolution (200 microns?)
| |
| − | | |
| − | The following company [http://http://www.mlpc.com/laser_micromachining.php?_kk=laser%20micro%20cutting&_kt=fa43fe73-ceb7-4705-9bf9-1e815ddaaf69&gclid=CKiRwd_2z5oCFRMUagodAHZK2g] can reach to a tolerance of 10 micrometer if the thickness of the plate is bigger than 300 micrometer, in our case the thickness of copper foil is 45 micrometer, and the hole is diameter is 1 mm, a tolerance of 200 micrometer is going to be good for the drilling the holes and doing the mask. an email from the company will confirm the expectations.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Determine thinnest SS mask
| |
| − | | |
| − | still waiting for the email.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) HV distribution chain calculation. Low voltage version?
| |
| − | | |
| − | Order resistors based on power calculation, work with Tumuna on the order.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 4.) Install GEANT4 in your Inca account, Start GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA).
| |
| − | | |
| − | =5/15/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) Insert picture of PCboard at 220 and 260 and denote time spent at that temperature.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) The distance between holes in the TGEM appear to be 1mm and are staggered between rows. A laser can cut through 1" of stainless steel. We would like a laser with position accuracy to at least 100 microns (4 mils :1000 mils = 1 in) which can drill a hole whose diameter is accurate to 4 mils. What accuracy can the laser have when cutting through the thinnest available SS we want to use for a mask.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Find laser resolution (10 microns?)
| |
| − | | |
| − | Determine thinnest SS mask
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) HV distribution chain calculation. Low voltage version?
| |
| − | | |
| − | Look at the following diagram :[[Media:GEM_HV_circuit.ps]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | <math> I = I_{11} + I_1^{\prime}</math>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <math>I_{11} \times R_8 - I_1^{\prime} R_2 = 0 </math>
| |
| − | | |
| | | | |
| − | <math> I_{11} \times R_3 + I_2^{\prime} R_4 = 0</math>
| + | =QDC TDC PS-ADC setup= |
| | | | |
| | + | ;Peak sensing gate |
| | | | |
| − | <math> I_{11}= I_{22} + I_2^{\prime}</math>
| + | [[File: GEM_PS_gate.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| | + | ;QDC gate |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: GEM_QDC_gate.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math> -I_2^{\prime} \times R_4 + I_{22} \times \frac{R_9 \times R_{10}}{ R_9 + R_{10}} = 0 </math>
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ;TDC start |
| | | | |
| − | <math>I_{22} \times R_{11} - I_3^{\prime} R_{12} = 0 </math>
| + | [[File: TDC_pulser.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | <math> I_{22}= I_{33} + I_3{\prime}</math>
| + | ;TDC STOP |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: TDC_GEM.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math>- I_3^{\prime} R_{12} + I_{33} \times \frac{R_{13} \times R_5}{ R_{13} + R_5} = 0 </math>
| + | ;QDC shows a difference |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: QDC_source_on_off_7724_7726.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math> V_{in} - I_{11} \times (R_8 +R_3) - I_{22}\times\left( \frac{R_{10} \times R_9}{ R_{10} + R_9} +R_{11} \right) - I_{33} \times\left ( \frac{R_{13} \times R_5}{ R_{13} + R_5} +R_7 \right )= 0 </math>
| + | =Measurements of the frequently used gas mixture 90/10 Ar/CO2 for the second peak = |
| | | | |
| | + | ;Changes from the former set up |
| | | | |
| | + | # Using the eG&G timing filter amp. 474 instead of the spectroscopic amp. to amplify the input for the peak sensing ADC. |
| | + | #Gate of a width of 4us has been delyed to track the second peak, as a result part of output spectrum is lost except for the delayed part within the gate width as shown in the figures below: |
| | | | |
| − | <center>[[Image:GEM_HV_Dist_Net.jpg | 200px]]</center>
| + | ;Lost |
| | | | |
| − | Order resistors based on power calculation, work with Tumuna on the order
| + | [[File: PS_l1.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | 4.)GEANT4 is installed in Inca account, ExampleN02 was compiled and runs.
| + | ;Detected |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: PS_d1.png | 300 px]][[File: PS_d2.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| | | | |
| − | =5/22/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) heat PC board for 3 hours at 210C
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Determine laser resolution for a 45 micron thick copper sheet
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3.) HV distribution chain calculation. Do a sample calculation for <math>HV_{GEM} = 3200 V</math> <math> \Delta V_{GEM1} \equiv V_{G1B}-V_{G1T}</math> =?
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4.) Going to order 25 resisters of each Ohm setting. Prepare a HV board for stuffing and assemble after resistors arrive.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 5.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =6/9/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) Write a brief description ( 2 paragraphs) of the experimental objectives and methods with justification for the specific radionuclides and quantities.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | We propose constructing a fission chamber which contains copper PCboards coated with U-238 and Th-232. Our goal is to construct a fast neutron detector. A safe in the LDS will serve as a repository for the U-238 and Th-232 bulk material. A small fraction of the material (100 g) will be sent to a collaborator at another University who will use Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition to coat a 10 cm x 10 cm PCboard with U-28 or Th-232. The radioactive material will be a 5 micron or less coating attached to the PCboard. The PCboard will reside inside a gaseous detector. The quantities of each bulk material are given in the table below. Oak Ridge national Lab will supply 1kg of Th-232 at no cost. Unfortunately, 1kg is the smallest size available.
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | U-238 || Th-232 | + | |Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source || Count rate (counts/min) || Notes |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7435 || 08/24/14|| 19:30:48 || 19:55:32 || || open || on || 400 || a peak is noticed on channel 400 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7436 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 20:40:11 || || open || off || 216 || the peak disappeared |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7438 || 08/24/14|| 19:59:05 || 10:00:00 || || open || on || 0.0146 || triple coin., high noise, max. is ch 355 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7444 || 08/25/14|| 21:17:25 || 21:20:35|| || open || on || 230 || gate delay 700 ns, peak disappeared [[File: gate delay700ns.png | 300 px]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7446 || 08/25/14|| 21:29:51|| 21:38:55 || || open || off || 185 || does not count for P_B. peak disappeared |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 200 g || 1000 g
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | U-238 has a atomic number 92, and mass number of 238.050785, it is mainly an alpha emitter. Th-232 has a atomic number 90, and mass number of 232.038051 , it is also an alpha emitter.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2) Describe the facility used to store the materials, diagram of room layout. location of safe.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A floorplan of the Laboratory for Detector Science is shown below.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Media:LDS dimension Model(1).pdf ]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The LDS has 2 safes available for storing radioactive materials. A solid steel safe manufactured by Bunker Hill with the outer dimensions of (25 cm)H X (35 cm) W X (25 cm) D and inner dimensions of 9-1/2” H X 13-1/2” W X 9-5/8” is controlled by a digital lock. The safe itself weighs 15 kg and is mounted to a wall in the LDS. A second iron safe, manufacturer unkown, uses a combination lock and has the outer dimensions of 62 H X57 W X 45 (cm)D.
| |
| | | | |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: shutteropen_sourceon_off.png | 300 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | 3.) Describe radiation survey instruments available for monitoring.
| + | = unknown gas mixed bottle measurements= |
| | | | |
| − | We ask that the TSO provide us with all necessary monitoring devices.
| |
| | | | |
| − | 4.) Description and estimate of radioactive waste being generated.
| + | ; Updates |
| | | | |
| − | We do not expect to generate radioactive was.
| + | Changing the leading edge disc. to understand the Peak sensing and explain the cut int he peak sensing graph. |
| | | | |
| − | =6/12/09=
| + | Measuring the noise. by starting by low signal rate to distinguish the signal from the noise. |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) heat PC board for 3 hours at 210C
| + | ; Channels and signals |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 210 <math>^o C</math> | + | |device|| ch || input source |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | ADC || 5 || GEM's trigout |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | Peak sensing 7|| 15 || GEM's trigout |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | Peak sensing 5 || 11 || PMT Left |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | Peak sensing 8|| 17 || PMT right |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | || [[Image:PC board at 210 degrees.jpg | 200 px]] | + | |PS translator || |
| − | |} | + | |- |
| | + | |TDC || 25 || PMT L |
| | | | |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Determine laser resolution for a 45 micron thick copper sheet
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 50 micron
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3.) HV distribution chain calculation. Do a sample calculation for <math>HV_{GEM} = 3200 V</math> <math> \Delta V_{GEM1} \equiv V_{G1B}-V_{G1T}</math> =?
| |
| − |
| |
| − | resisters have arrived currently soldering ready to measure HVs (remember, Digital voltmeter has 1 kV max)
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 4.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =6/19/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) Th-232 mask due July 1,2009
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) HV distribution chain calculation. Do a sample calculation for <math>HV_{GEM} = 3200 V</math> <math> \Delta V_{GEM1} \equiv V_{G1B}-V_{G1T}</math> =?
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Image:Abdel_GEM_HV_distrib_6-19-09.png | 200 px]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <math> V_{in} - I \times (R_8 +R_3) - I \times \left( \frac{R_{10} \times R_9}{ R_{10} + R_9} +R_{11} \right) - I \times \left ( \frac{R_{13} \times R_5}{ R_{13} + R_5} +R_7 \right )= 0 </math>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =6/30/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) Th-232 mask due July 1,2009
| |
| − |
| |
| − | change design to be a series of lines covering the holes. Calculate the % area of the foil to be covered with Th-232.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Insert HV distribution chain measurements in table form and compare to calculation.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Input Voltage = 1000 V
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Current || measured || calculated | + | |TDC|| 27 || GEM's trigout |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | TDC || 29 || PMT R |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | TDC || 31 (Stopper) || triple coincidence (OR Mode) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |CAEN N638 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |TDC || 17 || PMT L |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | (uA) || 262.3 || 220.7 | + | |TDC B2|| 18|| GEM's trigout multi-hit |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | From the figure above:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <math> R_{T11} = R_8 </math>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <math> R_{T22} = \left( \frac{R_{10} \times R_9}{ R_{10} + R_9} \right )</math>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <math> R_{T33} = \left( \frac{R_{13} \times R_5}{ R_{13} + R_5} \right )</math>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 3.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Contact F.W. Jones, TRIUMF, 03-DEC-96 and ask for suggestion on simulating Th-232 (n,f) in GEANT4. Which model to get X-sections right?
| |
| − | | |
| − | F.W. Jones sent by July, 7:
| |
| − | | |
| − | G4LFission is based on the GHEISHA model of fission,
| |
| − | by H. Fesefeldt, from GEANT 3.21.
| |
| − | | |
| − | It is a parameterized model using empirical formulas,
| |
| − | e.g. the one for average number of neutrons.
| |
| − | The photofission part of the model is not implemented.
| |
| − | | |
| − | My role in this was mainly as a code translator, so
| |
| − | unfortunately I can't give you an expert opinion
| |
| − | on it. I would suggest that for your study, use one of
| |
| − | the prepared physics lists which will include the
| |
| − | optimal treatments of fission for various applications.
| |
| − | | |
| − | See e.g. http://geant4.cern.ch/support/proc_mod_catalog/physics_lists/referencePL.shtml
| |
| − | | |
| − | If you are in doubt about choosing a physics list, I would strongly
| |
| − | recommend that you post a query on the Geant4 forums, describing
| |
| − | your application and what you wish to study (indicate if you wish
| |
| − | to study nuclear fragments or other yields).
| |
| − | | |
| − | The forum for hadronic physics is here:
| |
| − | | |
| − | http://hypernews.slac.stanford.edu/HyperNews/geant4/get/hadronprocess.html
| |
| − | | |
| − | This forum is monitored by experts who will be able to provide a
| |
| − | more definitive answer.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Best regards,
| |
| − | Fred Jones
| |
| − | | |
| − | = 7/10/09 =
| |
| − | 1.) Th-232 mask due July 1,2009
| |
| − | | |
| − | Making the lines as wide as the holes consumes 50% of the surface area.
| |
| − | | |
| − | A 0.45 mm diameter circle covering the holes and connected by 0.3 mm thick lines will increase the area available for fissionable material to 64%.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Decision is to create a series of lines 0.4 mm thick to cover the holes and connect them with support material.
| |
| − | | |
| − | We need a design of lines 0.4 mm thick covering the holes and connecting them. The distance between line should be 0.3 mm and have a tolerance of 0.1 mm.
| |
| − | This will be an effective area of 3/7 = 42% for fission material.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Insert HV distribution chain measurements in table form and compare to calculation.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Redo with actual measured resistance values
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Install model suggested by Forum below for U-232:
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | http://hypernews.slac.stanford.edu/HyperNews/geant4/get/hadronprocess.html
| |
| − | | |
| − | add the functions below to the physicslist. these are the fission models
| |
| − | | |
| − | G4HadronFissionProcess* Fission = new G4HadronFissionProcess();
| |
| − | G4ParaFissionModel* FissionModel = new G4ParaFissionModel();
| |
| − | thenFission->RegisterMe(FissionModel);
| |
| − | pManager->AddDiscreteProcess(Fission);
| |
| − | | |
| − | install this into detector construction
| |
| − | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | // U-235
| |
| − | a = 235.01*g/mole;
| |
| − | density = 19.050*g/cm3;
| |
| − | U235 = new G4Material(name="U235", z= 92., a, density);
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 4.) Resistive Coating links
| |
| − | | |
| − | http://www.ellsworth.com/conformal.html?tab=Products
| |
| − | | |
| − | =7/15/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | Got LLNL fission model with reference below
| |
| − | | |
| − | http://nuclear.llnl.gov/simulation/fission_usermanual.pdf
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Created FissLib model in ExN02 using Uranium target.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The command below will turn on tracking printout
| |
| − | | |
| − | /tracking/verbose 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | The command below will send another neutron projectil in
| |
| − | /run/beamOn 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | =7/24/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) Th-232 mask due July 1,2009
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Th-232_Mask_7-24-09.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | Add alignment holes.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:copper_foil_04_straight_lines_with_adjustment.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Insert HV distribution chain measurements in table form and compare to calculation.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Redo with actual measured resistance values
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Voltage (V) || measured || calculated | + | |TDC B6|| 22|| GEM's B_p |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T11} </math>|| 165 || 126.6 | + | | TDC || 21 || PMT R |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{T22} </math> || 98.6 || 103.4 | + | | TDC 6 || 30 (pulser) || triple coincidence (OR Mode) |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math>|| 81.5 || 95.9 | + | |TDC 7 || 23|| delayed GEM's trigout |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | 3.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |Run Number||Date || start || end || Time (min) || Shutter || Source || Count rate (counts/min) || Notes |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7273|| 08/06/14 || 07:10:38 || 11:41:00 || 12502 || open || off || 67 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | | | |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7274|| 08/06/14 || 11:49:35 || 18:15:01 || 23126 || closed || off || 39 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | | | |
| − |
| |
| − | trying to simulate the experiment by geant4, once when the source is thorium and another when the source is uranium by hitting the target every time with 10^7 neutrons of energy of 7.5 MeV.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The result :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Until now I did not see any effect of fission processes, the thickness of the target is 0.01 cm. then I should make the target thinner.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | I read the paper uploaded to the wiki, the editor explained that G4NDL3.10 has limaitions, under geant4 it just has data for U 7 isotopes.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Mostly all what I got in my simulation is gamma, pair production and Compton scattering.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | I did search to see who is interested in tracking fission fragment:
| |
| − | I found the following contact with "Michael Heffner" in Lawrence Livermore National Lab. who was engaged in tracking hte fission fragment for Cf-239 but unfortunately I did not get a reply for my email:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | I am working on tracking the fission fragment of thorium-232 and uranium-238, part of my work is to use Geant4 for experiment simulations, I read about your work in tracking the fission fragment of Pu-239 (n,f).
| |
| − | which model did you use for fission fragment tracking?
| |
| − |
| |
| − | the link for their work is :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | http://74.125.155.132/searchq=cache:SrXOI60kSs0J:www.nscl.msu.edu/~bickley/TPCWorkshop/Presentations/03_Heffner.pdf+tracking+fission+fragment+"Michael+Heffner"&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Use Uranium target
| |
| − | use
| |
| − | http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter#Changing_the_Random_number_seed_in_GEANT4
| |
| − | to save random number generator state for a fission event.
| |
| − | decrease target thickness until you see fission fragments
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ExampleN02Detector construction.cc is edited, experiment simulated with 6.5 MeV neutron beam but different target thicknesses, the result is summarized as the following :
| |
| − |
| |
| − | = 7/27/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Zoom into interaction point to see all the particles (gamma and neutron).
| |
| − | You will need to do this to see fission fragments anyway.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Beam Energy (MeV) || Target thickness (um) || the first fission event random number || image | + | | 7275|| 08/06/14 || 20:37:07 || 09:10:10|| || closed || off || 40 || 0.2 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 6.5 || 100 || 7458 || [[Image: n_detector_6.5MeV_1mm.jpeg | 100 px]] | + | | 7276|| 08/06/14 || 09:15:00 || 09:32:00|| || open || off || 80 || 0.2 flow rate amplification increases from 50 to 100 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 6.5 || 10 || 17475 || | + | | 7277|| 08/06/14 || 09:33:08 || 11:40:42|| 7654 || open || off || 81 || 0.2 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 6.5 || 2 || 285078 || [[Image: n_detector_6.5MeV_2um.jpeg | 100 px]] | + | | 7295|| 08/08/14 || 17:36:58 || 19:55:59|| 4741 || closed || off || 60 || 0.2 |
| − | |- | |
| − | | 6.5 || 1 || 2,691,504 || [[Image: n_detector_6.5MeV_1um.jpeg | 100 px]] | |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | We can track the ions coming out of the fission process by defining the adding G4DiffuseElastic.cc to our physics list.
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7296|| 08/08/14 || 22:28:01 || 23:43:14|| || closed || off || 58 || 0.3 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7297|| 08/08/14 || 23:48:14|| 12:08:00 || 37186|| open || off || 93 || 0.3 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7298|| 08/09/14 || 00:16:14|| 06:08:03 ||21109 ||closed || off || 56 || 0.3 |
| | | | |
| − | http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:hsRwLvrsdZMJ:www.oro.doe.gov/riaseb/wrkshop2003/papers/p-2-0-6.pdf+geant4+and+"+tracking+ions"+code&hl=en&gl=us&pli=1
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7299|| 08/10/14 || 19:27:12|| 20:09:04 || 2152||closed || on || 107 || 0.1 |
| | | | |
| − | =8/3/09=
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7300|| 08/10/14 || 20:11:30|| 20:46:29 ||2099 ||open || on || 136 || 0.1 |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Th-232 mask due July 1,2009
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7302|| 08/11/14 || 06:53:14|| 07:22:45 || 1771||closed || on || 114 || 0.2 |
| | | | |
| − | [[File:Th-232_Mask_7-24-09.pdf]]
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7303|| 08/11/14 || 07:26:58|| 07:48:01 || 1263||open || on || 167 || 0.2 |
| | | | |
| − | Add alignment holes.
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7305|| 08/11/14 || 13:21:16|| 13:55:05 || 2029||open || on || 178 || 0.3 |
| | | | |
| − | [[File:copper_foil_04_straight_lines_with_adjustment.pdf]]
| + | |- |
| − | | + | | 7306|| 08/11/14 || 14:41:00|| 15:40:00 || 3540||closed || on || 110 || 0.3 |
| − | | |
| − | Need to calculate gravitation deflection of stainless steel strip that is 0.4 mm and 11 cm long wide as a function of its thickness.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Plot mask thickness -vs- deflection due to gravity.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Insert HV distribution chain measurements in table form and compare to calculation.
| |
| | | | |
| − | What is uncertainty in the current used to calculate the expected voltage drop.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Voltage (V) || measured || calculated | + | | 7307|| 08/14/14 || 08:14:15|| 08:20:39 || 384||closed || off || || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T11} </math>|| 165 || 126.6 | + | | 7308|| 08/14/14 || 08:22:43|| 08:29:23 || ||open || off || 1314 || 0.1 noise measurements (pulser only) same noise level as shutter closed (ch. 86) for Peak sensing ADC |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{T22} </math> || 98.6 || 103.4 | + | | 7309|| 08/14/14 || 08:35:09 || 09:45:37 || 4229 || open || off || || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math>|| 81.5 || 95.9 | + | | 7310|| 08/14/14 || 09:46:12 || 11:18:39 || 5547 || open || off || 54 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less. |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7311|| 08/14/14 || 11:19:45 || 13:01:57 || 6132 || open || off || 52 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less. |
| | | | |
| − | 3.)Add GEANT4 Fission model (CHIPS or GEISHA) to ExampleN02 program. Goal is to find a model which reproduces the X-section data for Th-232 above.
| + | |- |
| | + | | 7312|| 08/14/14 || 13:10:50 || 14:28:07|| 4637 || open || off || 72 || 0.1 flow rate was not exact, little less. |
| | | | |
| − |
| |
| − | ;Goal
| |
| − | :Simulate the fission process using an incident neutron of energy 6.5 MeV and a layer of U-238 using Geant4.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ;Status
| |
| − | : We are now seeing fission events for 1 micron thick sheets of U-238.
| |
| − | :We do not see fission fragments yet
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Suggestions:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.) Move target to center of world and zoom in
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Add particle definition of ions
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 3.) add G4DiffuseElastic.cc process for charged pariticles > 0
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =8/10/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 1.)Need to calculate gravitation deflection of stainless steel strip that is 0.4 mm and 14 cm long wide as a function of its thickness.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Plot mask thickness -vs- deflection due to gravity.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Maximum deflection of plate of a uniform load, is given by the following formula:[http://www.amazon.com/Structural-Analysis-7th-Russell-Hibbeler/dp/0136020607]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <math> \Delta = \frac{ 5 w L^4}{384 E I} </math> ; <math> I = \frac{b h^3}{12} </math>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | where:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <math>\Delta</math> : Deflection (m)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | w : The weight of the plate per unit length (N/m)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | b : The shorter side of the plate (m) (b = 0.4 mm)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | E : Young Modulus (N/m^2) (for stainless steel = 200 GN/m^2)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | h : The thickness of the plate (m)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | L : The length of the plate (m) (d = 0.14 m)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | I : The moment of inertia (m^4)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | t (m) || y_{max} (m) | + | | 7313|| 08/14/14 || 14:30:24|| 15:38: 48|| 4056 || open || off || 80 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7314|| 08/14/14 || 15:41: 52|| 16:46:55 || 3897|| open || on || 147 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 7315|| 08/14/14 || 16:49: 59|| 19:14:30 ||8729|| open || on || 148 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |1.00 10^-7 || 0.00003150 | + | | 7316|| 08/14/14 || 19:18:43 || 22:14:07 ||10596 || open || on ||147 || 0.1 flow rate as is used to be |
| − | |- | |
| − | |2.00 *10^-7 || 0.00000394 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |3.00 *10^-7 || 0.00000117 | + | | 7317|| 08/14/14 || 22:18:24 || 10:18:52 || 43220|| open || on || 0.0095|| 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |4.00 *10^-7 || 0.00000049
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |5.00 *10^-7 || 0.00000025 | + | | 7318|| 08/15/14 || 10:24:00 || 12:42:23 || 8303|| open || on || 147 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |1.00 *10^-6 || 0.000000032 | + | | 7319|| 08/15/14 || 12:46:14 || 15:46:09 || 10795|| open || on || 148 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |2.00 *10^-6 || 0.000000004 | + | | 7323|| 08/15-16/14 || 16:59:39 || 06:03:11 || 46970|| open || off || 0.0011 || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |} | + | | 7329|| 08/16/14 || 07:06:32 || 10:35:35 || 12543|| open || off || 83 || 0.1 flow rate, PMT's charge is measured for L and R |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) What is uncertainty in the current used to calculate the expected voltage drop.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || measured (Mohm)|| theoretical value (Mohm)|| Voltage (V)measured || Voltage (V) calculated | + | | 7330|| 08/16/14 || 10:41:58 || 12:48:33 || 7595 || open || on || 146 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T11} </math> || 0.56 <math>\pm</math> 0.01 || 0.55 || 165 <math>\pm</math> 1 || 126.6 | + | | 7331|| 08/16-17/14 || 12:52:07 || 06:45:03 || 64384 || open || off || 0.0016 || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence, coda counted 111 but the data file is empty! |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{T22} </math> || 0.47 || 0.46 || 98.6 || 103.4 | + | | 7332|| 08/17/14 || 06:52:26 || 07:04:45|| 739 || open || on || 1367 || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements with the wave generator |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math> || 0.42 || 0.41 || 81.5 || 95.9 | + | | 7333|| 08/17/14 || 07:05:50 || 08:53:54 || || open || on || 155 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math> || 0.56 || 0.55 || 244 || 220 | + | |
| | + | | 7334|| 08/17/14 || 08:57:02 || 13:13:38 || || open || off || 82 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math> || 0.47 || 0.46 || 200 || 220 | + | | 7337|| 08/17/14 || 14:17:24 || 14:30:29|| || open || on || 1400 || 0.1 flow rate, GEM 2.92 kV , CATH 3.47kV(+50V), noise measurements with the wave generator |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math> || 0.42 || 0.41 || 212 || 220 | + | |7338|| 08/17/14 || 14:31:37|| 16:17:45|| || open || on || 163 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | the uncertainty in measuring the voltage is +_ 10, and for measuring the resistance is +_ 0.05
| + | |7339|| 08/17/14 || 16:20:25|| 16:35:45 || || open || off || 1368 || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements with the wave generator |
| − | So the uncertainty in current theoritically is
| + | |- |
| − |
| |
| − | 3.)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ;Goal
| |
| − | :Simulate the fission process using an incident neutron of energy 6.5 MeV and a layer of U-238 using Geant4.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ;Status
| |
| − | : We are now seeing fission events for 1 micron thick sheets of U-2const
| |
| − | | |
| − | :We do not see fission fragments yet
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ;Suggestions:
| |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Move target to center of world and zoom in
| + | |7340|| 08/17/14 || 16:37:01 || 20:33:04|| || open || off || 95 || 0.1 flow rate |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Add particle definition of ions
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) add G4DiffuseElastic.cc process for charged pariticles > 0
| |
| − | | |
| − | Uranium238 = new G4Isotope(name="U238", iz=92, n=238, a=238.03*g/mole);
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | G4IonTable *theIonTable =
| |
| − | G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->GetIonTable();
| |
| − | G4RadioactiveDecay* theRadioactiveDecay =
| |
| − | new G4RadioactiveDecay();
| |
| − | for (G4int i=0; i<theIonTable->Entries(); i++)
| |
| − | {
| |
| − | G4String particleName =
| |
| − | theIonTable->GetParticle(i)->GetParticleName();
| |
| − | if (particleName == "GenericIon") {
| |
| − | G4ProcessManager* pmanager =
| |
| − | theIonTable->GetParticle(i)->GetProcessManager();
| |
| − | pmanager->AddProcess(theRadioactiveDecay);
| |
| − | }
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | // ions | |
| − | G4Deuteron::Deuteron();
| |
| − | G4Triton::Triton();
| |
| − | G4He3::He3();
| |
| − | G4Alpha::Alpha();
| |
| − | G4GenericIon::GenericIonDefinition();
| |
| − | | |
| − | } else if (particleName == "alpha" ||
| |
| − | particleName == "He3" ||
| |
| − | particleName == "GenericIon") {
| |
| − | | |
| − | pmanager->AddProcess(new G4hMultipleScattering, -1, 1, 1);
| |
| − | G4ionIonisation* ionIoni = new G4ionIonisation();
| |
| − | ionIoni->SetStepFunction(0.1, 20*um);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddProcess(ionIoni, -1, 2, 2);
| |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | =8/17/09=
| |
| − | 1.)Convert table to a graph of "Thickness (mils)" on x-axis and "Deflection (<math>\mu</math> m)" on y-axis. With horizontal line at 20 microns. Any thickness with deflection less than 20 microns may be used.
| |
| − | | |
| − | change units to micron and make y-axis logarithmic
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image: Deflection_thickness_ss.jpeg | 200 px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ;Thermal Expansion Coefficient:
| |
| − | | |
| − | In addition to the probability of the mask deflection by its weight, thermal expansion is another effect that may decrease the efficiency of the mask in covering the holes. The thermal expansion coefficient for stainless steel is studied and equals to (um/<math>^o C</math>): (according to [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/linear-expansion-coefficients-d_95.html])
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Stainless steel type || um/<math>^o C</math> ||(10-6 in/inF) | + | |7341|| 08/17-18/14 || 20:40:16|| 06:18:43 || || open || off || 0.0015 || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Steel Stainless Austenitic (304) || 17.3 || 9.6 | + | |7342|| 08/18/14 || 06:25:44 || 06:37:43 || || open || on || 1403 || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurements |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Steel Stainless Austenitic (310) || 14.4 || 8.0 | + | |7345|| 08/18/14 || 06:39:23 || 14:17:58 || || open || on ||0.0128 || 0.1 flow rate, triple coincidence |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Steel Stainless Austenitic (316) || 16.0 || 8.9 | + | |7355|| 08/18/14 || 16:03:29 || 19:59:51|| || open || off || 75 || 0.1 flow rate, EM 2.82 kV , CATH 3.37kV(-50V), CAEN translator is used |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Steel Stainless Ferritic (410) || 9.9 ||5.5 | + | |7356|| 08/18/14 || 20:03:05|| 20:07:58 || || open || on || 2k || 0.1 flow rate, noise measurement |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Copper || 16.6 || 9.3 | + | |7357|| 08/18/14 || 20:08:43 || 22:48:22 |||| open || on || 142 || 0.1 flow rate |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | In our case, the plate expansion toward the width is negligible at 260 <math>^o C</math> (assuming the room temperature 20 <math>^o C</math>), but heating stainless steel (304) plate to the same temperature will cause (0.58mm) change in length! we should be careful as we are welding the ends, or it is better if there is a way to clip the edges to avoid the deflection by length expansion.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Areal thermal expansion
| |
| − | | |
| − | At room temperature, a 0.4 mm length square of stainless steel is going to cover a hole in a copper plate of diameter 0.4 mm. But, as soon as both plates expose to (300 <math>^o C</math>) furnace, the area will increase by the following formula:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <math> \frac{ \delta A}{A} = 2 \alpha (\delta T) </math>
| |
| − | | |
| − | So the change in area for SS-plate is 7.6 *10^-4 mm^2, but for the copper is 2.3 * 10^-3 mm^2, a wider mask line should be used.i.e 0.4mm SS-plate width will not cover completely the hole at 300 <math>^o C</math>.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) What is uncertainty in the current used to calculate the expected voltage drop.
| |
| − | | |
| − | the uncertainty in voltage can be given by the following formula:
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Insert expression for <math>I_{11}</math> and calculate it using the measured resistances below also propagate error of measured resistances
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || measured (Mohm)|| Voltage (V)measured || I measured (mA) | + | |7358|| 08/18-19/14 || 22:53:13 || 10:52:44|| || open || on || 0.0082 || 0.1 flow rate , triple coincidence |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T11} </math> || 0.56 <math>\pm</math> 0.01 || 165.0 <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 375 <math>\pm</math> 6.7 | + | |7359|| 08/19/14 || 10:55:49|| 10:59:52 || || open || on || 2.1k || 0.1 flow rate , noise measurement |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{T22} </math> || 0.47 <math>\pm</math> 0.01 || 98.6 <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 253 <math>\pm</math> 6.7 | + | |
| | + | |7360|| 08/19/14 || 11:00:38|| 14:26:38|| || open || on || 156|| 0.1 flow rate noise measurement with 1 Hz sampling |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{T33} </math> || 0.42 <math>\pm</math> 0.01 || 81.5 <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 259 <math>\pm</math> 6.7 | + | |7361|| 08/19/14 || 14:40:49||18:25:00 || open || on || 0 || 0.1 flow rate with 1 Hz sampling (AND gate) |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |} | + | |7362|| 08/19/14 || 18:33:15|| 18:38:54|| ||open || on ||1.5k || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR) |
| − | | |
| − | Why aren't the currents the same?
| |
| − | Measure the voltage and resistance at each junction , compute current and compare
| |
| − | | |
| − | =8/19/2009=
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || measured (Mohm) ( <math>\pm</math> 0.01)|| Voltage (V)measured ( <math>\pm</math> 0.1) || I (uA) | + | |7363|| 08/19-20/14 || 18:39:46|| 13:39:45|| ||open || on ||0.0081 || 0.1 flow rate triple coinc.(OR) |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{8} </math> || 0.56 || 165.0|| 294 <math>\pm</math> 5 | + | |7364|| 08/20/14 || 13:44:56|| 13:50:57 || ||open || off || 1.55k || 0.1 flow rate noise measurements, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{3} </math> || 1.01 || 244.0 || 241 <math>\pm</math> 2 | + | |7367|| 08/20/14 || 15:08:27 || 16:49:37 || ||open || off || 86 || 0.1 flow rate, 2.87, 3.42kV for GEM and CATH |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{9} </math> || 0.51 || 99.0 || 194 <math>\pm</math> 4 | + | |7368|| 08/20/14 || 16:53:42|| 17:15:49|| ||open || on || 154 || 0.1 flow rate |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{10} </math> || 5.51 || 99.0 || 16 <math>\pm</math> 0.03 | + | |7369|| 08/20/14 || 17:17:39|| 20:28:43|| ||open || off || 86 || 0.1 flow rate, spec. amplifier decreased from 100 to 50 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{11} </math> || 1.02 || 198.6 || 195 <math>\pm</math> 2 | + | |7479|| 08/27/14 || 10:02:21|| 10:42:09|| ||open || on || 64 || 0.1 flow rate, |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{13} </math> || 0.51 || 81.4 || 159 <math>\pm</math> 0.2 | + | |7480|| 08/27/14 || 10:46:18|| 14:17:22 || ||open || off || 11 || 0.1 flow rate, |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{5} </math> || 2.32 || 81.4 || 33 <math>\pm</math> 0.15 | + | |7481|| 08/27/14 || 14:19:33 || 14:43:39 || ||close || on || 78 || 0.1 flow rate, |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{7} </math> || 1.04 || 211.9 || 203 <math>\pm</math> 2 | + | |7488|| 08/27/14 || 16:16:37 || 16:48:53 || || open|| on || 86 || 0.1 flow rate, |
| | |- | | |- |
| | + | |7491|| 08/27/14 || 18:09:27 || 18:59:05 || || open|| on || 86 || 0.1 flow rate, |
| | |} | | |} |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =8/28/2009=
| |
| − | 1.)Final version of deflection plot
| |
| − |
| |
| − | change units to micron and make y-axis logarithmic
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Construct table of measured <math>\Delta</math> V for each GEM foil preamp and the predicted <math>\Delta</math> V when <math>V_{GEM}</math> is 1000, 500, and 200 volts (also try 2 and 4 kV). Use the current measure by CAEN power supply as input to calculation. Measure the voltage difference using a voltmeter.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Perhaps our previous inconsistencies were due to bad current measurements?
| |
| | | | |
| − | 3.) Dr. Forest installed GEANT 4.9.2 on Inca. But still no ion tracking.
| |
| | | | |
| − | =9/8/2009= | + | ==Peak sensing measurements by 08/28/14== |
| | | | |
| − | 1.)Final version of deflection plot
| + | Peak sensning measurements for GEM were recorded in the time between 8:00 am to 9:44am for shutter open as the following |
| | | | |
| − | Insert caption and increase font size of labels. Try bold lines. Make 20 micron horizontal line dashed. Make theory curve line black and thicker.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Image: Deflection_vs_thickness_20umline.jpeg | 200 px]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Insert paragraph describing the results in the curve
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | 2.) Construct table of measured <math>\Delta</math> V for each GEM foil preamp and the predicted <math>\Delta</math> V when <math>V_{GEM}</math> is 1000, 500, and 200 volts (also try 2 and 4 kV). Use the current measure by CAEN power supply as input to calculation. Measure the voltage difference using a voltmeter.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Perhaps our previous inconsistencies were due to bad current measurements?
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Measured || 200V|| <math> V_{expected} </math> || 500V|| <math> V_{expected} </math> ||1000V || <math> V_{expected} </math> || 2000V || <math> V_{expected} </math> || 4000V || <math> V_{expected} </math> | + | | Source On|| Source Off |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7507 || 7506 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> V_{T11} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 24.3 || 24 <math>\pm</math>3|| 59.8|| 61 <math>\pm</math>6 ||118.6 || 123 <math>\pm</math>12|| 238.0 ||251.4 <math>\pm</math>23 || 481.0|| 530.9 <math>\pm</math>48 | + | |7509 || 7508 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> V_{T22} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 20.3 ||20 <math>\pm</math>3 || 50.2|| 51 <math>\pm</math>6 || 99.9|| 103 <math>\pm</math>11 || 201.9 || 211 <math>\pm</math>23 || 421.0||445 <math>\pm</math>48 | + | |
| | + | |7511 || 7510 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> V_{T33} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 18.4 || 18 <math>\pm</math>3 || 45.3 || 46 <math>\pm</math>6 || 90.0|| 92.8 || 182.0 || 188 <math>\pm</math>22 || 381.0 || 398.2 <math>\pm</math>48 | + | |7513 || 7512 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> I_{tot} </math> (uA) <math>\pm</math> 1 || 43 || 44 || 110 || 111 || 221 || 211 || 449|| 443 || 948 ||885 <math>\pm</math>60*
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | *considering resistance error accumulates for 6 resistances connected in series (each one has 5%).
| + | |7515 || 7514 |
| − | The measurements show that we have better accuracy in measuring the current and the voltage within the expected range of error.
| + | |- |
| | + | |7517 || 7516 |
| | + | |- |
| | | | |
| − | Now do a table of Vin , and <math>\Delta</math> V Gem 1 ,2,3
| + | |7519 || 7518 |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | 3.) Dr. Forest installed GEANT 4.9.2 on Inca. But still no ion tracking.
| + | |7521 || 7520 |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | Koi, Tatsumi
| |
| − | Phone: (650) 926-4816
| |
| − | E-Mail: tkoi@SLAC.Stanford.EDU
| |
| | | | |
| − | suggests adding the physics list below
| + | [[File:unknownbootle_measurements_06_13.png | 300px]][[File:unknownbootle_measurements_14_21.png | 300px ]] |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | source/physics_lists/lists/src/HadronPhysicsQGSP_BIC.cc | + | Different output for each run when Peak sensing is used to measure the charge, what is noticed that the charge is different from one run to another, but all the runs show that the amount of charge collected is bigger when the shutter is open with the source on it except for run 7511. By comparing all the runs, As the shutter is open, the maximum charge is collected by channel number 800, as the source is on the detector, the collected charge reached up to channel 1000 at most. |
| | | | |
| − | =9/10/09 Ion Tracking=
| + | Measuring the data started by 8 am, the noise rate increased so it increased the event rate from 30s to 80s event/s, and it did not decrease until now (Thur. 15:36 08/28/14). all module wiring were checked but without any result. I am using the 90/10 Ar/CO2 bottle as hope to take some measurements but when the noise level goes down maybe this evening to repeat the same measuremnts. |
| | | | |
| − | You can track CF-232 if you add the line
| + | The following reference shows a change in collected charge as the tenperature changes <ref>"Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids" F Aubin et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 103017 </ref> |
| | | | |
| − | G4GenericIon::GenericIonDefinition();
| + | [[File:temp_signal_effect.jpg | 300px]] |
| | | | |
| − | to the PhysicsList baryon contructor function as shown below
| + | =Flow rate and figures= |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | ;03 flow rate |
| − | void ExN02PhysicsList::ConstructBaryons()
| |
| − | {
| |
| − | // barions
| |
| − | G4Proton::ProtonDefinition();
| |
| − | G4AntiProton::AntiProtonDefinition();
| |
| − | G4GenericIon::GenericIonDefinition();
| |
| − | G4Neutron::NeutronDefinition();
| |
| − | G4AntiNeutron::AntiNeutronDefinition();
| |
| − | }
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | =9/15/09=
| + | [[File: 03_sourceOn.png | 450 px]] |
| | + | [[File: 03_sourceoff.png | 450 px]] |
| | + | [[File: 03_openOn_off_sub.png | 450 px]] |
| | + | ;02 flow rate |
| | | | |
| − | 1.)Final version of deflection plot
| + | [[File: 02_sourceOn.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File:02_sourceoff.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File: 02_openOn_off_sub.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Insert caption and increase font size of labels. Try bold lines. Make 20 micron horizontal line dashed. Make theory curve line black and thicker.
| + | 01 flow rate |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image: Deflection_vs_thickness_20umline.jpeg | 200 px]] | + | [[File: 01_sourceOn.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File:01_sourceoff.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Insert paragraph describing the results in the curve.
| + | = Common Start Common Stop exchange= |
| | | | |
| − | The curve represents the relationship between the thickness and the deflection for a plate of stainless steel of width 0.4 mm and length 140mm when the weight is the only force that acts on it. Please look at [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#8.2F10.2F09] for more details about the factors that affects the value of the deflection.
| + | Edit the file |
| − | The dashed line in the graph intersects with the with deflection line to determine the needed thickness for the plate to have a deflection of 20 um.
| |
| | | | |
| − | Now do a table of Vin , an, and <math>\Delta</math> V Gem 1 ,2,3
| + | cd /usr/local/coda/2.5/readoutlist/v1495trigPAT/ |
| | | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| + | as the following: |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Measured || 200V|| 500V || 1000V ||2000V || 4000V || ?
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math> \Delta V_{T11} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 || 11.9 || 29.8 || 59.1 ||119.2 || 241.7 || 3000
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<math> \Delta V_{T22} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 ||10.2 || 25.2 || 50.8 ||103.2 || 215.5 || 2800
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math> \Delta V_{T33} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 0.1 ||9.21 || 23.1 || 46.1 || 93.2 || 195.5 || 2500
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | <math> \Delta V_{T33} </math> is the potential difference between the protection resistance (10 Mohm) and the resistance which is mainly responsible for providing the voltage for the THGEM foil. Please look at the figure [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/images/0/05/Abdel_GEM_HV_distrib_6-19-09.png]. For instance, <math> \Delta V_{T33} </math> is the voltage between LP3 and LP4.
| |
| − | | |
| − | =9/22/09=
| |
| − | 1.) deflections
| |
| − | | |
| − | According to the figure I contacted a prof. in civilian engineering, He recommended another formula looks simpler and appropriate for a beam fixed from both sides. I am working on the figure and the information that we may extract from formula.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Enter formula with reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | I also talked to him about anything we should consider affects the mask job when it is heated to 300 degrees Celsius, He suggested to buy a Stainless steel wire (beam) that has the same dimension to the one that will cover a row of holes, then heat it and check what is going to happen to the beam. In other words, build a one beam mask and study what will happen to it (we are considering only weight deflection!)
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) TGEM HV
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Applied Potential (V) ||<math> V_{T11} </math> (V) || <math> \Delta V_{T22} </math> (V) ||<math> V_{T22} </math> (V) ||<math> \Delta V_{T22} </math> (V)|| <math> V_{T33} </math> (V)|| <math> \Delta V_{T33} </math> (V)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 200 || 24.3 || 11.9 || 20.3 ||10.2 ||18.4 || 9.2
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 500 || 59.8 || 29.8 || 50.2 || 25.2 || 45.3 || 23.1
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 1000 || 118.6 ||59.1 || 103.0 || 50.8 ||90.0 ||46.1
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 2000 || 238.0 ||119.2 || 211.0 ||103.2 ||182.0 || 93.2
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 4000 || 481.0 || 241.7 ||421.0 ||215.5 ||381.0 || 195.5
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | According to the measurements taken, we conclude :
| + | for common start comment: |
| | + | /* c775CommonStop(TDC_ID); |
| | | | |
| − | <math> \ V_{T} </math> = (approximately) 2 <math> \Delta V_{T} </math>
| + | for common stop uncomment: |
| − | So if <math> \Delta V_{T} </math> is needed to be as the the table below then the value for <math> \ V_{T} </math> can be determined depending on the previous conclusion:
| + | c775CommonStop(TDC_ID); |
| | | | |
| | + | =Ionization xsections for different particles emitted from U-233= |
| | | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| + | ; Photons |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | THGEM foil resistance (Mohm) ||<math> \Delta V_{T} </math>(V) || <math> V_{T} </math> (V) || I (mA) || P (W)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math> R_{11} </math> = 0.56|| 3000 || 6000 || 11 || 64
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math> R_{22} </math> = 0.46 || 2800 || 5600 || 12 || 66
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math> R_{33} </math> = 0.42|| 2500 || 5000 || 12 || 61
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | From the table, the power supply potential should be 16,600 V.
| |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: photoabosorption_Ar.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File: photoabosorption_CO2.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File: photoabosorption_Ar_CO2.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Study the 12 Volt power system in the links below and determine how to copy
| + | Ref. : http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | 3.) Resistive paste
| + | ;Electrons |
| − | I called the paste company [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#7.2F31.2F2009], there were in process to make the paste in their labs (because of that it took them that long), looks they succeeded, but until now there is not any information about the shipping which will probably be available on Friday. So I will call (bug) them again on that day.
| |
| | | | |
| − | The paste was shipped on Friday, we are expecting to have it by Wednesday Sept. 30, the company should call me again for tracking number! but I will call them tomorrow.
| + | [[File: electron_ion_Ar.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| | + | Ref. : |
| | | | |
| − | =9/29/09=
| + | Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 [[File: electron_ionization_Ar.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | ;Paste
| |
| − | The paste was shipped on Friday, we are expecting to have it by Wednesday Sept. 30, the company should call me again for tracking number! but I looks I should call again!
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ;Alpha Particles |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File: alpha_ionization.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | ;Deflection vs Thickness:
| + | Ref. : |
| − | Depending on the equation [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#8.2F10.2F09] :
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image: Deflection_vs_thickness_20umline.jpeg | 200 px]]
| + | http://www.exphys.jku.at/Kshells/ |
| | | | |
| | + | Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 (1993) 75 |
| | | | |
| − | ==HV == | + | =Coincidence Measurements for GEM and the Plastic scintillator= |
| | | | |
| − | [http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.2916 M. Cortesi] used a CAEN N471A to individually supply each THGEM stage. The HV supply was set to trip at 50 nA and a 15-20 M Ohm resister was attached in series with the Power supply to limit discharge currents.
| + | ;Coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's without shielding and without source |
| | | | |
| − | Circuit:
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |Date || Time || No. of Counts (counts)|| Count rate (counts/min) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |07/09/14 || 1066 || 659005 || 618 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |07/10/14 || 538 || 368974 || 686 |
| | + | |- |
| | | | |
| − | The paper gives an idea to how to use the active divider to avoid using more that high voltage power supply, the active divider circuit.
| |
| | | | |
| − | There is a little problem in using that circuit: the maximum voltage provided to the THGEM foil is maximum 1800 V, and that will create a current 22 mA.
| |
| | | | |
| − | Most of the experiments, they starts to run separate HV-power supply connected to a series of high resistances (15- 20 Mohm).
| + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | =10/6/09=
| |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Resistive Paste:
| |
| | | | |
| − | Describe past mixture procedure and curing.
| + | ;Triple coincidence Measurement for the scintillator PMT's shielded and without source |
| | | | |
| − | technical data sheet[[File:ED7100_Series_paste.pdf]]
| + | Triple coincidence among the 2 PMT's and the GEM detector is measured using coincidence module caberra 2144 and ortec 778 counter, count rate is 0.3+_ 0.03 Hz. However, the rate was zero before shielding. |
| | | | |
| − | safety data sheet [[File:ED7100_OSHA_MSDS.pdf]]
| + | The following pics show The GEM output with triple coincidence signal, it is observed that different GEM peaks coincide with the triple signal, which shows that adding the shielding contaminates the neutron signal. |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) Change units on deflection plot and insert new plot
| |
| | | | |
| − | 3.) Insert link for resistor to use in HV network
| + | [[File: GEM_triple_smallpeak.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File: GEM_triple_bigpeak.png | 150 px]] |
| | + | [[File: GEM_triple_twopeaks.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | references (HV circuit)
| + | =Coincidence Measurements for the Plastic scintillator after shielding= |
| | | | |
| | + | ; Without source |
| | | | |
| | + | The plastic scintillator count rate before shielding and without source was in average 12 +_ 1 Hz, lead is added to the GEM and to the plastic scintillator which did not change the rate of the coincidence for the plastic scintillator . Neither closing the box door with lead nor adding lead to the top of the box did make any change in the number of counts for the plastic scintillator. |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | ;With a source |
| | | | |
| | + | =Background count rate= |
| | | | |
| − | 4.) Simulation
| |
| | | | |
| − | a.) Zoom in to see target and fission fragments
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |Date || Time || PSD_e (counts)|| PSD_e (counts/min) || LED (low disctrinimation)(counts)||LED (low disctrinimation)(counts/min)|| LED (high disctrinimation) (counts)|| LED (high disctrinimation) (counts/min) |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |07/01/14 || 1166 || 56671 || 49 || 2936748 || 2519 || 10 || 0.009 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |07/01/14 || 231 || 10529 || || 572657 || || 1542 || |
| | | | |
| − | b.) implement Fission Model G4BertiniEvaporation in Physics list
| |
| | | | |
| − | =10/7/09=
| + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | ==(n,f) event== | + | = data graphs= |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | I added the following to the physics list
| + | ;<math>S_{HLE}</math> |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | The header files are put into ExN02PhysicsList.cc
| |
| | | | |
| − | #include "G4HENeutronInelastic.hh"
| + | [[File: B_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]] |
| − | #include "G4NeutronInelasticProcess.hh"
| |
| − | #include "G4CascadeInterface.hh"
| |
| − | #include "G4BertiniEvaporation.hh"
| |
| | | | |
| − | else if (particleName == "neutron") {
| + | The above graph represents the change in the count rate of B_p, as the shutter is open (green) and as it is closed (red), the error bars get smaller since each point represents the average of two sets of daily measurements, in addition to, changing the PS discriminator's level after the second measurement. |
| − |
| |
| − | G4CascadeInterface* bertiniModel = new G4CascadeInterface();
| |
| − | G4NeutronInelasticProcess* inelProcess = new G4NeutronInelasticProcess();
| |
| − | inelProcess->RegisterMe(bertiniModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(inelProcess);
| |
| − | }
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | And I saw the event
| + | ;<math>S_{PSD}</math> |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | [[File: S_pdaily_counts.png | 150 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | The above graph has the same legend as the one for B_p, error bars increase for some data when the shutter is open, since one or more of the daily measurements has a higher number of counts because of U-233(4)'s spentaneous fission. (the number of counts is close to the number of counts as the shutter is open and the source is on). |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 6.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 0 eV 0 eV 14.3 nm 14.3 nm Target NeutronInelastic
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | Small=<math>S_{PSD} - S_{PSDE}</math> |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = U238[0.0], Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | =Testing GEM Experiment test 10/23/13= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 25.7 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.14e+03 fm -7.54e+03 fm -10 cm 0 eV 25.7 keV 101 nm 101 nm Target hIoni
| |
| | | | |
| − | </pre>
| + | The GEM detector was tested for signal and discharge as the voltage of the cathode and HV-circuit divider is 3.3 kV and 2.7 kV successively. |
| | | | |
| − | By oct. 8 the follwing event is tracked by the GEANT4 with U-238 target with 7 MeV neutron beam:
| + | The GEM detector signal is observed as it used to work before. the pictures below show the signal detected as the shutter is open and as it is close. |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | :*********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 7 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 7 MeV 0 eV 5 um 5 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 0 fm 0 fm -9.85 cm 0 eV 0 eV 1.51 mm 1.51 mm Tracker NeutronInelastic
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = N14[0.0], Track ID = 5, Parent ID = 1
| + | |- |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | | shutter close || [[File: GEM_close_1.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close_2.png | 40 px]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_1.png | 40 px ]]|| [[File: GEM_open_2.png | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open_3.png | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_open_4.png | 40 px]] |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | =THGEM#9 Counting Experiment test 1/4/13= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -9.85 cm 1.45 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Tracker initStep
| |
| − | 1 -63.2 um 33.9 um -9.69 cm 177 keV 1.27 MeV 1.56 mm 1.56 mm Tracker hIoni
| |
| − | 2 -181 um 63 um -9.59 cm 0 eV 177 keV 1.13 mm 2.69 mm Tracker hIoni
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | [[THGEM#9 Counting Experiment]] |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -9.85 cm 382 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Tracker initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.37 mm -1.45 mm -10 cm 382 keV 0 eV 3.16 mm 3.16 mm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -2.38 mm -1.45 mm -10 cm 382 keV 0 eV 10.5 um 3.17 mm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | =GEM HV-divider circuit= |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -9.85 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Tracker initStep
| |
| − | 1 10 cm 1.17 cm -2.11 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 12.7 cm 12.7 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 2 10 cm 1.17 cm -2.11 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 6.35 um 12.7 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | I thick we still need to improve the stepping verbose, since whenever the beam is run, there is a limited number of events are detected and usually are the neutrons that just pass, I run the beam only with 100 neutrons only to track the useful ones.
| + | GEM HV-divider circuit in shown in the figure, measurements were recorded for for top and bottom voltage of each preamplifier. |
| | | | |
| − | By oct. 12 , fission event is detected after I turned off the inelastic process code using U-238 as target , the result :
| + | <center>[[Image:GEM_HV_Dist_Net.jpg | 100px]]</center> |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | ### Run 2 start.
| + | The table below shows value of the voltage on each preamplifier's side relative to ground. |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 6.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| + | |- |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 0 eV 0 eV 131 nm 131 nm Target nFission
| + | | <math> V_{source} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G1T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G1B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_1 \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G2B} \pm 1 </math>|| <math> \Delta V_2 \pm 1</math> || <math> V_{G3T} \pm 1 </math> || <math> V_{G3B} \pm 1 </math> || <math> \Delta V_3 \pm 1 </math> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2550 || 2579 || 2259 ||304 || 1671|| 1394 || 279 || 818|| 570 ||245 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2600 || 2630 || 2303 ||310 || 1704|| 1421 || 285 ||834|| 581 || 250 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2650 || 2680 || 2348 || 316|| 1737|| 1449 || 290 || 850|| 592 || 255 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2700 || 2731 || 2393 ||322 || 1770|| 1476 ||296 ||866|| 603 || 260 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2750 || 2781 || 2373|| 328 || 1803|| 1503 || 302 ||882|| 614 ||264 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | 2800 || 2832 || 2482|| 332 || 1836|| 1530|| 307 || 898|| 625 || 269 |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = U238[0.0], Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 25.7 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.14e+03 fm -7.54e+03 fm -10 cm 0 eV 25.7 keV 101 nm 101 nm Target hIoni
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | |} |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 7, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 96.7 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -759 nm -940 nm -10 cm 96.7 keV 0 eV 3.58 um 3.58 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -4.5 cm -5.58 cm 10 cm 96.7 keV 0 eV 21.2 cm 21.2 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 3 -4.5 cm -5.58 cm 10 cm 96.7 keV 0 eV 3.72 um 21.2 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 6, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | The source voltage means the voltage value on the 4-channel CAEN N470 display. (suppose to be equal to the voltage of the top GEM1). |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 343 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 1.49 um 3.5 um -10 cm 343 keV 0 eV 4.07 um 4.07 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 3.46 um 8.14 um -10 cm 343 keV 0 eV 5.4 um 9.47 um World Transportation
| |
| − | 3 4.25 cm 10 cm -5.86 cm 343 keV 0 eV 11.6 cm 11.6 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 4 4.25 cm 10 cm -5.86 cm 343 keV 0 eV 4.07 um 11.6 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | the values are going to be an input for ANSYS which is going to simulate the electric field for each source voltage separately, ANSYS' output files will be an input for Garfield to simulate the electron multiplication by the triple GEM. |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 5, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | = GEM alpha-Beta detector counter= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 597 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| + | [[GEM Alpha-Beta detector counter]] |
| − | 1 -2.93 um -3.5 um -10 cm 597 keV 0 eV 4.65 um 4.65 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -11.6 um -13.8 um -10 cm 597 keV 0 eV 13.7 um 18.4 um World Transportation
| |
| − | 3 -8.38 cm -10 cm -7.56 cm 597 keV 0 eV 13.3 cm 13.3 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 4 -8.38 cm -10 cm -7.56 cm 597 keV 0 eV 4.65 um 13.3 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | =GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration in LDS= |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | ==GEM Detector== |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 1.07 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 210 nm -1.63 um -10 cm 1.07 MeV 0 eV 3.99 um 3.99 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | [[GEM performance QDC data graphs]] |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | [[Calibrating GEM detector]] |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 1.68 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -3.06 um 3.5 um -10 cm 1.68 MeV 0 eV 5.24 um 5.24 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | ==Electronics Flow Chart== |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 2.67 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -1.44 um 3.5 um -10 cm 2.67 MeV 0 eV 3.84 um 3.84 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | </pre>
| + | [[File:LDS_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Fission event is also detected after I turned off the inelastic process code using Th-232 as target , the result :
| |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | ==GEM Detector and Scintillator== |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | [[GEM and Sci. data and measuurements]] |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 6.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 0 eV 0 eV 400 nm 400 nm Target nFission
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | =GEM gain data graphs and GEM Calibration at the IAC= |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Th232[0.0], Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | Haitham may only alter the QDC's dual timer and a CFD for the QDC in the IAC DAQ. |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 39 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.21e+04 fm -2.88e+04 fm -10 cm 0 eV 39 keV 177 nm 177 nm Target hIoni
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | Haitham may only add signals to the NIM->ECL translator |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 7, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | Haitham is not allowed to change any cables that are used for the PAA setup |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 143 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 3.5 um -92.2 nm -10 cm 143 keV 0 eV 4.75 um 4.75 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | ;Summary |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 6, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | The detector is installed in the IAC after modifications took place in the detector design. |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 843 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -1.1 um 165 nm -10 cm 843 keV 0 eV 3.29 um 3.29 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -7.09 cm 1.07 cm 10 cm 843 keV 0 eV 21.2 cm 21.2 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 3 -7.09 cm 1.07 cm 10 cm 843 keV 0 eV 3.72 um 21.2 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | These modifications are: |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 5, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | 1- The detector kipton window's area increased to the same size of the GEM cards( 10X10 cm) |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 956 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -1.85 um -2.71 um -10 cm 956 keV 0 eV 5.1 um 5.1 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | 2- The distance of the cathode from the first GEM increased up to 1.2 cm. previously the distance was about 3.5 mm. (No change in GEM's distances 2.8mm, or the readout 0.5 mm) |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | Increasing the drift distance demands an increase in cathode potential to maintain the same values of the electric field in the old setup. |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 1.42 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -3.5 um -300 nm -10 cm 1.42 MeV 0 eV 4.41 um 4.41 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | 3- The detector is installed in a wooden box, in addition to a plastic scintillator which was placed to cover part of the detector window. |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 1.43 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 2.67 um 3.5 um -10 cm 1.43 MeV 0 eV 4.46 um 4.46 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | [[GEM performance data graphs]] |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 393 nm -3.5 um -10 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 3.54 um 3.54 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 494 nm -4.39 um -10 cm 1.66 MeV 0 eV 904 nm 4.44 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | >>> Event 0
| |
| − | 8 trajectories stored in this event.
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ==Electronics Flow Chart== |
| | | | |
| − | =10/20/09=
| + | [[File:IAC_electronics_flow_chart.png |200px]] |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Redo resistor network below to reflect one in paper. Find resistance required to have 2000 Volt difference between two the top and bottom of a GEM card and have correct power rating.
| |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:IAC_n.png |200px]] |
| | | | |
| | + | =U-233 fission x-section data and fission yield= |
| | | | |
| − | Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/File:Media-Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors_(HV_circuit).pdf#filelinks]
| + | [[File:U-233_fissionxsection_0.01-100MeV.gif |200px]] |
| | + | [[File:U-233_fissionxsection_fullenergyrange.gif |200px]] |
| | | | |
| − | The new HV-circuit is represented by the figure:
| + | [[File:U-233_fissionxyield_percent.png |200px]] |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:2_lines _THGEM_2_lines _THGEM_circuit.png | 200 px|thumb|Circuit 1]][[Image:3l_line_THGEM_circuit.png | 200 px|thumb|Circuit 2]] [[Image:paper_HV_Circuit.png | 200 px|thumb|Circuit 3]]
| |
| | | | |
| | + | == What is the energy distribution of Beta, Photon and alpha from U-233== |
| | | | |
| | + | ===Alpha === |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Resistor || value || 0.3[http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=300KW-2-ND]|| 0.62 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=620KW-2-ND]|| 1 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=1.0MW-2-ND] ||1.25 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204J-1.25M-ND] || 1.5 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204JE-1.5M-ND] ||2 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204JE-2M-ND]|| 3[http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=2-1625958-9-ND] || 5 [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204JE-5M-ND]|| 10[http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204FE-10M-ND] || price | + | | nuclide || Energy (MeV) |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{1} </math> || 8.6 || || 1 || 1|| || || 1 || || 1 || || 10.13 | + | | Pb-213 || <span style="color:red"> 8.4</span> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{2} </math> || 4.3 || 1 || || || || || 2 || || || || 11.96 | + | | Bi-213 || 5.9 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{3} </math> || 10 || || || || || || || || || 1 || 5.59 | + | |At-217 ||6.3 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{4} </math> || 3.3 || 1 || || 1 || || || 1 || || || || 6.3 | + | |Fr-221 || 6.3 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{5} </math> || 4.8 || || || || || || || || 1 || || 3.95 | + | |Th-229 || <span style="color:green">4.85 </span> (alpha spectrum, highest counts for is 4.85 MeV) |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | total || || 2 || 1 || 2 || || || 4 || || 2 || 1 ||
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| | + | ===Gamma=== |
| | | | |
| | + | Gamma distribution for U-233 and its daughters are in metioned in details in the documents , [[File:u233_day_gamma.pdf]] <ref>http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/gamma_spectra , Wed. 04/10/2013</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | | + | The energy range of the emitted gamma is shown in the following table . |
| − | | |
| − | according to the suggestion to add new line of resistances as represented in the last figure, this change the the old circuit properties. the following table summarizes these differences:
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || 2_lines _THGEM_circuit || 3l_line_THGEM_circuit | + | | nuclide || Energy Minimum || Energy Maximum (keV) |
| | + | |-| |
| | + | | U-233 || 25 || <span style="color:red"> 1,119</span> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Total Resistance (Mohm) || 48.45 || 41.7 | + | | Ra-225 || 40 || 40 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Current (mA)|| 0.31 || 0.36 | + | |Ac-225 || <span style="color:green">10.5 </span> || 758.9 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Max. Voltage Per THGEM Foil (V) || (1.43Mohm)444.3 || (1.23Mohm)442.3 | + | |Fr-221 || 96.8 || 410.7 |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Power (W) || 0.14 || 0.16 | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) reproduce Figure 3 in paper below
| |
| − | | |
| − | http://www.helsinki.fi/~miheikki/system/refs/heikkinen/chep09geant4.pdf
| |
| − | | |
| − | =10/27/09 (Paste processing procedure)=
| |
| − | ;Paste
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Paste_painting_procedure]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;HV Circuit:
| |
| − | | |
| − | Update the figure for the high voltage circuit.[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Deflection:
| |
| − | | |
| − | Figure is updated for the deflection figure.[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#9.2F15.2F09]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Simulation:
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Chips interface is used but unfortunately the result still the same, a neutron hits then two of them leave without any fragment tracking.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | G4StringChipsInterface* theCascade = new G4StringChipsInterface();
| |
| − | G4HadronFissionProcess* fissionProcess = new G4HadronFissionProcess();
| |
| − | fissionProcess->RegisterMe(theCascade);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(fissionProcess);
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 6.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 0 eV 0 eV 4.31 um 4.31 um Target nFission
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = U237[0.0], Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 25.2 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.35e+03 fm 4.81e+03 fm -10 cm 0 eV 25.2 keV 99.7 nm 99.7 nm Target hIoni
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 165 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 1.44 um -77 nm -10 cm 165 keV 0 eV 1.6 um 1.6 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 10 cm -5.35 mm -5.22 cm 165 keV 0 eV 11.1 cm 11.1 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 3 10 cm -5.35 mm -5.22 cm 165 keV 0 eV 5.55 um 11.1 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -10 cm 156 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.7 um -5 um -10 cm 156 keV 0 eV 5.69 um 5.69 um Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -41.9 um -77.6 um -10 cm 156 keV 0 eV 82.6 um 88.3 um OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | =10/30/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Resistors for THGEM HV-circuit:
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | || 5 MOHM [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204JE-5M-ND] and [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204J-5M-ND]|| 10 MOHM [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=SM204FE-10M-ND] | + | |At-217 || 140 || 593.1 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | quantity || 6 || 12 | + | |Bi-213 || 323.81 || <span style="color:red">1,119.4 </span> |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | =11/3/09=
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ;Paste
| |
| − |
| |
| − | need to finish procedure in link below. Insert info from vendor describing reducing the paster for an ink jet printer.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Paste_painting_procedure]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Give a copy of paste MSDS to Roy dunker and ask for permission to use their oven located in the LDS hood
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ;HV Circuit:
| |
| | | | |
| − | Update the figure for the high voltage circuit.[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09]
| + | ===Beta=== |
| − | | |
| − | Arrange with Tamuna some time to use the power supply to check power on the circuit design.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Deflection:
| |
| − | | |
| − | Redo deflection figure. [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#9.2F15.2F09]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Simulation:
| |
| | | | |
| − | reproduce Figure 3 in paper below
| + | Beta particles are emitted mainly from U-233 daughters as shown in the figure <ref> http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php?id=204, Wed. 04/10/2013 </ref> |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Abla_incl.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[File:abla_incl_models.pdf]] | + | [[File:U-233_decay_beta_energy.jpg |200px]] |
| | | | |
| − | =11/11/09=
| + | U-233 -> Th-229, emitted alpha particles have energy of 4.8 MeV. |
| − | ;Paste :
| |
| − | please follow the link for the update: [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Paste_painting_procedure#11.2F9.2F09]
| |
| | | | |
| | + | Insert energy distribution for Betas |
| | | | |
| − | ;HV Circuit:
| + | The following table shows the negative beta emitter nuclides,their parent nuclides, and their half lives: |
| | | | |
| − | The circuit were tested as was suggested the figure [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09]
| |
| − | , very low current was passing through the circuit which relatively decreased the dissipated power through the resistors.
| |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Resistor arrangements and values || Current(P.S.) (uA)<math>\pm</math> 1|| Current through each line (uA)<math>\pm</math> 1 (2 lines only) ||<math> V_{THGEM1} </math> (V) <math>\pm</math> 1 || <math> V_{THGEM2} </math> (V)<math>\pm</math> 1 || dissipated power (W)<math>\pm</math> 0.1% | + | |Nuclides || energy (MeV) || half life |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Third circuit [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09] || 50 || 25 || 105 || 85 || 0.025 | + | | <math>Ra^{225} \rightarrow Ac^{225}</math> ||<span style="color:green">0.357 </span> || 14d. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | removing <math> R_{2}</math> ||50 || 25|| 136 || 136 || 0.006 | + | |<math>Bi^{213} \rightarrow Po^{213}</math> || 1.426 || 46min. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{1}</math> = 20 Mohm || 41 || 20.5|| 177 || 181 ||0.008 | + | |<math>Tl^{209} \rightarrow Pb^{209}</math> || <span style="color:red">1.981 </span> || 2.2 min. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | <math> R_{1}</math> = 30 Mohm (with one protection resistor) ||38 || 19 || 195 || 186 || 0.11 | + | |<math>Pb^{209} \rightarrow Bi^{209}</math> || 0.644 || 3.25h |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> R_{1}</math> = 30 Mohm (with all figure resistors) || 38 || 19 || 159 || 122 || 0.11 | + | |<math>Bi^{209}</math> || 1.893 || stable |
| | |} | | |} |
| − | please note that all the previous measurements with <math> HV+</math> = 1 kV
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ==What is the energy distribution after the 1 mm FR4 shutter== |
| | | | |
| − | Result: highly recommended to increase the main resistor(s) which will provide the THGEM foil with needed potential to 30 Mohm which make the current less that 19 uA in each one, but at the same time this will provide each foil with around 200 V when the the power supply is providing 1 kV.So using 15 kV power supply will easily provide each foil with 3000 V (which is our goal).
| |
| | | | |
| | + | === electron shutter penetration=== |
| | | | |
| − | ;Simulation:
| + | The energy distribution below represents the incidence electron on a 1 mm FR4 shutter. |
| | | | |
| − | geant4.9.2.p01/examples/extended/radioactivedecay/exrdm/src
| + | [[File:E_spectrum.png |90 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Abla model has a little problem to be defined, I tried to use the following statement in ExN02PhysicsList but unfortunately is not working.
| + | graph of electron energy for electron penetrating shutter (did any not penetrate?, how many?) |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | G4InclCascadeInterface* bertiniModel = new G4InclCascadeInterface();
| |
| − | G4AblaFission* fissionProcess = new G4AblaFission();
| |
| − | fissionProcess->RegisterMe(bertiniModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(fissionProcess);
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Depending on a reference used in the same paper [[File:abla_incl_models.pdf]], Binary and Bertini models are used for neutron or proton interactions
| |
| − | <pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | G4BinaryCascade* bcModel = new G4BinaryCascade();
| + | photons below were produced by above incident electron? |
| − | G4HadronFissionProcess* fissionProcess = new G4HadronFissionProcess();
| + | The energy distribution of photons was observed on the opposite side of the shutter |
| − | fissionProcess->RegisterMe(bcModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(fissionProcess);
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:Photon_spectrum.png |90 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | (same as ABLA and the results can be compared). So i added Binary Cascade model to ExN02PhysicsList But unfortunately the result is weird!!!
| |
| − | the following error message is not convenient !!
| |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | Electrons (with least energy from U-233= 0.2 MeV) pass through the shutter have the energy distribution below. |
| − | Computed tolerance = 2.0001e-09 mm
| |
| − | Target is 0.001 cm of Carbon
| |
| − | There are 1 chambers in the tracker region. The chambers are 50 mm of ArgonGas
| |
| − | The distance between chamber is 10 cm
| |
| − | Segmentation fault
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | =12/8/09= | + | ===alpha shutter penetration=== |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | ===photons=== |
| − | else if (particleName == "proton") {
| |
| − | //protons
| |
| − | G4InclAblaCascadeInterface *theModel = new G4InclAblaCascadeInterface();
| |
| − | theModel->SetMinEnergy(0.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | theModel->SetMaxEnergy(3.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | G4ProtonInelasticProcess *protonInelasticProcess = new G4ProtonInelasticProcess();
| |
| − | protonInelasticProcess->AddDataSet(new G4ProtonInelasticCrossSection());
| |
| − | protonInelasticProcess->RegisterMe(theModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(protonInelasticProcess);
| |
| − | }
| |
| − | else if (particleName == "neutron") {
| |
| − | //neutrons
| |
| − | G4InclAblaCascadeInterface *theModel = new G4InclAblaCascadeInterface();
| |
| − | theModel->SetMinEnergy(0.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | theModel->SetMaxEnergy(3.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | G4NeutronInelasticProcess *neutronInelasticProcess = new G4NeutronInelasticProcess();
| |
| − | neutronInelasticProcess->AddDataSet(new G4NeutronHPFissionData());
| |
| − | neutronInelasticProcess->RegisterMe(theModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(neutronInelasticProcess);
| |
| | | | |
| − | </pre>
| + | == Number of ions produced from Beta and Photon in ArCo2== |
| | | | |
| − | Below is a sample event which appears to be the reaction
| + | EMTest10 is used to calculate the average number of ions (electrons) when a 101 beta of 1 MeV are fired in a world that contains ArCO2. (13.5 per primary electron). |
| | | | |
| − | <math>n + {330 \atop 92 }U_{238} \rightarrow {173 \atop 49 }In_{124} + {152 \atop 43 }Tc_{109} + 6n</math>
| |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:SecondaryElectron_Energy_1Mevbeta.png |90 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | = The needed time to observe the GEM signal= |
| − | ********************************************************************************************************* | |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | In the case of triple GEM detector with a gas flow of 0.3 SCFH and 2650V and 2950V on GEM cards and cathode successively, a signal lower than the noise (of 16 mV and amplified twice) is observed at 770.0s +/- 0.1. |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -80 cm 10 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm World initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -5 mm 10 MeV 0 eV 79.5 cm 79.5 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 2 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 0 eV 0 eV 3.06 mm 79.8 cm Target NeutronInelastic
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | The normal rate (8 MHz +/- 2 as measured by the oscilloscope) is observed after 952.9s +/- 0.1. |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = In124[16830.9], Track ID = 9, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | =THGEM card tasks and tests= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 84.1 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -686 um 1.79 mm -5 mm 84.1 MeV 0 eV 3.61 mm 3.61 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -17.9 cm 46.7 cm -80 cm 84.1 MeV 0 eV 93.8 cm 94.2 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | ;New THGEM cards: |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | Two new fully machined cards are going to be tested in air and ArCH4, if they passes 2000 V potential bwtween the top and the bottom, then they are going to be installed in ArCh4 gas chamber. |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 215 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -3.93 mm -5 mm -3.86 mm 215 keV 0 eV 6.64 mm 6.64 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -62.9 cm -80 cm -30.8 cm 215 keV 0 eV 1.06 m 1.06 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | The older THGEM cards will have a high voltage enough to have one spark/min to clean impurities or surface defects. |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 7, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | =GEM Signal after the latest modification on the fission chamber 07/01/13= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 2.42 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.86 mm 271 um -5 mm 2.42 MeV 0 eV 4.2 mm 4.2 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -74.8 cm 7.07 cm -80 cm 2.42 MeV 0 eV 1.09 m 1.1 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | The signal of the detector is observed as the shutter is open and close. |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Tc109[16830.9], Track ID = 6, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 90.1 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| + | |- |
| − | 1 -2.79 mm 1.98 mm -5 mm 90.1 MeV 0 eV 4.59 mm 4.59 mm Target Transportation
| + | | shutter close || [[File: GEM_close.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_close2.jpg | 40 px]] || [[File: GEM_open.jpg | 40 px]] |
| − | 2 -73 cm 51.8 cm -80 cm 90.1 MeV 0 eV 1.19 m 1.2 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| + | |- |
| | + | | shutter open || [[ File:GEM_open_7_1.jpg | 40 px ]] |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | |} |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 5, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 2.85 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.26 mm 5 mm -3.15 mm 2.85 MeV 0 eV 5.62 mm 5.62 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -36.2 cm 80 cm -19.5 cm 2.85 MeV 0 eV 89.4 cm 89.9 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| | | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| + | =GEM's signal testing when it a long cable is used= |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 1.36 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -4.91 mm 5 mm -4.1 mm 1.36 MeV 0 eV 7.33 mm 7.33 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -78.6 cm 80 cm -34.6 cm 1.36 MeV 0 eV 1.17 m 1.17 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| | | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| + | The GEM signal is tested when a long cable is used to transfer the signal to the oscilloscope as the shutter is open, and without the cable. Oscilloscope pictures shows an attenuation to the signal up to 30%. |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 7.03 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -2.6 mm 5 mm -2.38 mm 7.03 MeV 0 eV 5.65 mm 5.65 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -41.6 cm 80 cm -7.21 cm 7.03 MeV 0 eV 89.9 cm 90.4 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -1.94 mm 287 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 1.54 mm -3.74 mm -5 mm 287 keV 0 eV 5.07 mm 5.07 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 33 cm -80 cm -65.6 cm 287 keV 0 eV 1.08 m 1.08 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | >>> Event 4
| |
| − | 9 trajectories stored in this event.
| |
| − | 5 events have been kept for refreshing and/or reviewing.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | =12/14/09=
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1.) For class project overlap GEANT4 fission atomic mass distribution with data locate in NIM article: n U-235 measurements : Diiorio NIM vol B147 (1977)487
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2.) Create Xmgrace file to reproduce graph below. Upload original measurements and make a table in the wiki.
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Tingjin_IntConfNucDataforScienceTech_2007.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3.) HV measurements
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ;Pb Proton-fission:
| |
| − | The mass number is tracked for the fragment instead of he name by | |
| − | | |
| − | 1-Edit ExN02SteppingVerbose.cc in for-loop, replace ParticleName by AtomicMass.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2- Add the the following to for-loopif:
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==2212 &&fStep->GetPostStepPoint()->GetProcessDefinedStep()->GetProcessName()=="NeutronInelastic" && fTrack->GetVolume()->GetName() =="Target" && (*fSeco$) [lp1]->GetDefinition()->GetAtomicMass()>1)
| |
| − | outfile
| |
| − | << (*fSecondary)[lp1]->GetDefinition()->GetAtomicMass()
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | n U-235 measurements : Diiorio NIM vol B147 (1977)487
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Tingjin_IntConfNucDataforScienceTech_2007.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Th-232_fission_cross_section.jpg|200px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =12/15/2009=
| |
| − | ; Thermal Neutron and U_235 fission: [[File:Diiorio NIM vol B147 (1977)487.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | 1) For thermal neutron (0.025 MeV) we can not use the same class mentioned in [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#12.2F8.2F09] th Simulation were running for a long time but not event.
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2) Different Neutron data sets were used also:
| |
| − | | |
| − | neutronInelasticProcess->AddDataSet(new G4HadronFissionDataSet()); (does not give any event)
| |
| − | neutronInelasticProcess->AddDataSet(new G4NeutronHPorLFissionData());(compiles perfectly but GEANT4 crashes after 1st neutron fired)
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3) Recently a new presentation done by describes the the thermal neutron interactions, he is replacing the Inelastic process to Elastic process even registered by other classes or used with neutron data sets. [[File:THermal_neutrons_interactions.pdf]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =01/05/10=
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Simulation of the mass distribution spectra for Throrium-232 for 7.5 MeV:
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[File:Energy_7.5_a_include1.jpg|100px]] [[File:Energy_7.5_a_biggerthan1.jpg|100px]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | (1st figure is the full spectrum but the 2nd one for a>1)
| |
| − | | |
| − | Three kinds of events tracked :
| |
| − | | |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -80 cm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm World initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -5 mm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 79.5 cm 79.5 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 2 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 0 eV 0 eV 1.94 mm 79.7 cm Target NeutronInelastic
| |
| − | :----- List of 2ndaries - #SpawnInStep= 3(Rest= 0,Along= 0,Post= 3), #SpawnTotal= 3 ---------------
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 578 keV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 291 keV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 35.5 keV 231
| |
| − | :----------------------------------------------------------------- EndOf2ndaries Info ---------------
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Th231[14330.9], Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 35.5 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 251 um 2.7 mm 5 mm 35.5 keV 0 eV 8.5 mm 8.5 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 2.43 mm 2.61 cm 7.5 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 7.39 cm 8.24 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 3 3.17 mm 3.41 cm 9.87 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 10.7 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 4 3.91 mm 4.2 cm 12.2 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 13.2 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 5 4.65 mm 4.99 cm 14.6 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 15.7 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 6 5.39 mm 5.79 cm 17 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 18.2 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 7 6.12 mm 6.58 cm 19.3 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 20.7 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 8 6.86 mm 7.37 cm 21.7 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 23.2 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 9 6.98 mm 7.5 cm 22.1 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 3.94 mm 23.6 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 10 2.5 cm 26.9 cm 80 cm 35.5 keV 0 eV 61.1 cm 84.7 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 291 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -624 um -1.4 mm -5 mm 291 keV 0 eV 2.47 mm 2.47 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -25.6 cm -57.4 cm -80 cm 291 keV 0 eV 1.01 m 1.02 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -3.06 mm 578 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 434 um -5 mm 811 um 578 keV 0 eV 6.34 mm 6.34 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 6.94 cm -80 cm 61.6 cm 578 keV 0 eV 1.01 m 1.01 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;and
| |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -80 cm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm World initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -5 mm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 79.5 cm 79.5 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 2 0 fm 0 fm -2.2 mm 0 eV 0 eV 2.8 mm 79.8 cm Target NeutronInelastic
| |
| − | :----- List of 2ndaries - #SpawnInStep= 2(Rest= 0,Along= 0,Post= 2), #SpawnTotal= 2 ---------------
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm -2.2 mm 1.91 MeV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm -2.2 mm 19.7 keV 232
| |
| − | :----------------------------------------------------------------- EndOf2ndaries Info ---------------
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Th232[5594.3], Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -2.2 mm 19.7 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -560 um -4.06 mm 5 mm 19.7 keV 0 eV 8.29 mm 8.29 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -6 mm -4.35 cm 7.5 cm 19.7 keV 0 eV 8.06 cm 8.88 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 3 -7.69 mm -5.58 cm 9.67 cm 19.7 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 11.4 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 4 -9.37 mm -6.81 cm 11.8 cm 19.7 keV 0 eV 2.5 cm 13.9 cm Tracker StepLimiter
| |
| − | 5 -1.03 cm -7.5 cm 13.1 cm 19.7 keV 0 eV 1.42 cm 15.3 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 6 -6.23 cm -45.2 cm 80 cm 19.7 keV 0 eV 77 cm 92.3 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -2.2 mm 1.91 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 689 um 5 mm 2.07 mm 1.91 MeV 0 eV 6.61 mm 6.61 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 11 cm 80 cm 68.1 cm 1.91 MeV 0 eV 1.05 m 1.06 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;In addition to the fission event:
| |
| − | <pre>
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm -80 cm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm World initStep
| |
| − | 1 0 fm 0 fm -5 mm 7.5 MeV 0 eV 79.5 cm 79.5 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 2 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 0 eV 0 eV 6.2 mm 80.1 cm Target NeutronInelastic
| |
| − | :----- List of 2ndaries - #SpawnInStep= 7(Rest= 0,Along= 0,Post= 7), #SpawnTotal= 7 ---------------
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 138 keV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 2.37 MeV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 78.3 MeV 123
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 1.83 MeV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 4.17 MeV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 653 keV 1
| |
| − | : 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 89.1 MeV 105
| |
| − | :----------------------------------------------------------------- EndOf2ndaries Info ---------------
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Mo105[14330.9], Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 89.1 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 5 mm 442 um 1.9 mm 89.1 MeV 0 eV 5.07 mm 5.07 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 80 cm 7.07 cm 11.4 cm 89.1 MeV 0 eV 80.6 cm 81.1 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 7, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 653 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 5 mm 1.85 mm 719 um 653 keV 0 eV 5.35 mm 5.35 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 80 cm 29.7 cm -7.55 cm 653 keV 0 eV 85.1 cm 85.7 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 6, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 4.17 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 4.44 mm 1.75 mm -5 mm 4.17 MeV 0 eV 7.82 mm 7.82 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 57.4 cm 22.6 cm -80 cm 4.17 MeV 0 eV 1 m 1.01 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 5, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 1.83 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 2.07 mm 3.07 mm 5 mm 1.83 MeV 0 eV 5.31 mm 5.31 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 4.01 cm 5.96 cm 7.5 cm 1.83 MeV 0 eV 9.77 cm 10.3 cm World Transportation
| |
| − | 3 5.05 cm 7.5 cm 9.41 cm 1.83 MeV 0 eV 2.66 cm 13 cm Tracker Transportation
| |
| − | 4 43.4 cm 64.5 cm 80 cm 1.83 MeV 0 eV 98.5 cm 1.11 m OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = Cd123[14330.9], Track ID = 4, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 78.3 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -5 mm -1.83 mm 485 um 78.3 MeV 0 eV 5.37 mm 5.37 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -80 cm -29.3 cm -11.3 cm 78.3 MeV 0 eV 85.4 cm 86 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 2.37 MeV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 -5 mm 328 um 1.75 mm 2.37 MeV 0 eV 5.04 mm 5.04 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 -80 cm 5.25 cm 8.89 cm 2.37 MeV 0 eV 80.1 cm 80.7 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | * G4Track Information: Particle = neutron, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1
| |
| − | *********************************************************************************************************
| |
| − | | |
| − | Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process
| |
| − | 0 0 fm 0 fm 1.2 mm 138 keV 0 eV 0 fm 0 fm Target initStep
| |
| − | 1 5 mm 2.66 mm 3.68 mm 138 keV 0 eV 6.18 mm 6.18 mm Target Transportation
| |
| − | 2 80 cm 42.6 cm 39.9 cm 138 keV 0 eV 98.3 cm 99 cm OutOfWorld Transportation
| |
| − | | |
| − | </pre>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ;Voltage Measurements when the THGEM resistor is 30 Mohm in [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09] fig.3:
| |
| | | | |
| | + | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> V_{Input} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 ||<math> V_{THGEM1} </math> (kV) <math>\pm</math> 0.001 || <math> V_{THGEM2} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 ||<math> V_{THGEM3} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 | + | | Long bnc cable|| [[File: GEM_longcable1.jpg | 40 px]]|| [[File: GEM_longcable2.jpg | 40 px]] |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 1.058 ||0.410 || 0.403 || 0.394 | + | | Short bnc cable|| [[ File:GEM_shortcable.jpg | 40 px ]] |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | 2.057 || 0.798 || 0.780 || 0.763
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |3.020 || 1.169 || 1.145 || 1.120
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | 4.021 || 1.557 || 1.524 || 1.492
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |5.066 ||1.961 ||1.920 ||1.879
| |
| − | |- | |
| − | | 6.080 || 2.353 ||2.302 ||2.253
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |7.041 ||2.721 ||2.662 || 2.607
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |8.094 ||3.122 ||3.058 || 2.989
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |9.065 || 3.495 || 3.420 || 3.346
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |10.120 ||3.896 ||3.814 || 3.733
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |11.135 || 4.281 ||4.192 || 4.097
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |12.032 ||4.619 || 4.520 || 4.422
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |13.017 || 4.992 || 4.883 || 4.760
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | =01/11/10=
| |
| − | ;HV circuit:
| |
| − | The table below shows the voltage measurements for the HV circuit represented by fig.3 [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#10.2F20.2F09] with THGEM-resistor is 180 Mohm.
| |
| − | The input voltage choice is based on the maximum voltage capability of the available power supplies in LDS until the date above.
| |
| | | | |
| | + | =Roy's detector infomation and measurements= |
| | + | |
| | + | U-233 metal deposited source is measured by Protean Instrument corporation gaseous detector, has a model number of WPC9450 (serial number: 0915723)and uses (P10) gas mixture, as shown below: |
| | + | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |<math> V_{Input} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 ||<math> V_{THGEM1} </math> (kV) <math>\pm</math> 0.001 || <math> V_{THGEM2} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 ||<math> V_{THGEM3} </math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.001 | + | | Shutter position || Alpha particles /min.|| Beta particles /min. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 1.030 ||0.087 || 0.800 || 0.790 | + | | Open || 6879 || 900 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 4.005 || 3.158 || 3.100 || 3.066 | + | | Close || 1 || 38 |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |5.010 || 3.949 || 3.887 || 3.836
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |8.009* || 6.300 || 6.214 || 6.136
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | *Expected a higher voltage measurements for THGEM resistors closer to the voltage of source if THGEM resistors are replaced by resistor of 250-300 Mohm.
| + | The source was in a plate of a diameter of 16 cm which was exposed to to the sensitive part of the detector of a height of 2-3 mm. |
| | | | |
| − | =1/22/10=
| + | The activity of the source is calculated based on the solid angle <math> \frac {A \times W}{4\pi} </math> |
| | | | |
| | + | where '''A''' is the count per second |
| | + | and '''W''' is the detector solid angle. |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Paste practice
| + | For the previous measurement, the solid angle is almost <math>2\pi </math>, so the the actvity of the source is twice the measured value in count/second. |
| | | | |
| − | The paste was applied on a G-10 that has 1 mm hole diameter and 0.5mm and 1mm pitch. After curing the paste made a solid surface on the top on the G-10 surface without penetrating through the holes or dropping on the carrier.
| |
| | | | |
| − | insert picture
| + | =IAC experiment producing neutrons= |
| | | | |
| | + | One of the IAC experiments produces neutrons, the neutron spectrum from Tungsten target is simulated outside and inside water (moderator) as shown in the figure below |
| | | | |
| − | insert resistance measurements
| + | [[File:moderator_nspect.png | 70 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | insert voltage difference measurements
| + | In the simulation above , They are interested in close distances to the Tungsten target inside the water container, it is 1 ft cubed container and is made of aluminium and covered polyester. |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:exp_setup.png | 70 px]] |
| | | | |
| − | Next paste practice.
| + | =References= |
| | | | |
| − | Apply paste to PC board without drilling holes. Try to get copper layer for connections. Don't worry about PC board thickness
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ==THGEM design== |
| | | | |
| − | Order FR4 boards clad on both sides with copper that are the same thickness as the ones in the paper.
| + | THGEM#9 |
| | | | |
| | + | [[Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) HV distributions
| |
| | | | |
| − | What happens when a 30 mv pulse is pushed onto the ground plane. Do you see it through the capacitor?
| + | [[Media:Raz_Alon_MSthesis_Dec2007.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | 3.) GEANT4 simulation:
| + | ==Electric field Simulation== |
| | | | |
| − | A fission fragment distribution from Th-232 was observed. Now working on X-section.
| + | ;Rim size dependence |
| | | | |
| | + | [[ file: THGEM_Efield_simulation.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | A new physics model was installed and is working called "G4HadronFission".
| |
| | | | |
| − | The goal is to compare this model with "G4Inelastic".
| |
| | | | |
| − | Which one reproduces cross section?
| + | ;2010 THGEM design(s): |
| | | | |
| − | Table with data from measurements.
| + | [[ file: THGEM_2009_design_gas_efficiency.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/exfor/endf.htm
| |
| | | | |
| − | =02/12/10=
| + | [[Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter]] |
| − | ;ED-7100 picture
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image: PC_Board_7100.jpeg | 100 px]]
| + | Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | insert resistance measurements
| |
| | | | |
| − | insert voltage difference measurements
| + | http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Next paste practice.
| + | http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002 |
| | | | |
| − | Apply paste to PC board without drilling holes. Try to get copper layer for connections. Don't worry about PC board thickness
| + | http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html |
| | | | |
| | + | http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119 |
| | + | |
| | + | NIM_A535_2004_93[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Image:Detectors_for_energy-resolved_fast_neutron_imaging.PDF#filehistory] |
| | | | |
| − | ;Order FR4:
| |
| − | Order FR4 boards clad on both sides with copper that are the same thickness as the ones in the paper.
| |
| − | There are the following kinds of laminates that we can use for the TGEM:
| |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Laminate || Dielectric Constant (</math> (kV)<math>\pm</math> 0.05) || The Least Thickness (mm)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO4003C || 3.38 || 0.101
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO4350B || 3.48 || 0.203
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO3035 || 3.5 || 0.13
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO3003 || 3.00(<math>\pm</math> 0.04) || 0.13
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO3006 || 6.15(<math>\pm</math> 0.15) || 0.13
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO3010 || 10.2(<math>\pm</math> 0.3) || 0.13
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | RO4360 || 6.15 (<math>\pm</math> 0.15) || 0.203
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Theta || 3.9-4.01(without uncertainty) || 0.056
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | It is possible also to have copper on the chosen laminate with 17 um thickness. the laminate thckness last update is available on the following:[[File:Standard Thicknesses, Tolerances and Panel Sizes.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | Based on a call done by 02/11/10:
| + | [[Image:NIM_A590_2008_pg134_Eberhardt.pdf]] Prep Targets |
| | | | |
| − | 1- The company can provide us with 30 mil (0.76 mm) and 40 mil (1.02 mm) FR4 thickness plates.
| + | Neutron cross sections for different elements [[Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | 2- The minimum copper thickness is 17um which is equivalent to 1/2 oz.
| + | http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/ |
| | | | |
| − | 3-The prices are as the following
| + | [[Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| + | [[Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg]] |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | FR4-Thickness ||Copper thickness(um) || price per 12"X18" plate(305X457mm) (us $) || expected laminate series
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |30 mil (0.76 mm) || 17 || 70.17 || 3003
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |40 mil (1.02 mm) || 17 || 99.01 || 3003
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | || 9 || 99.01 || 5880
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | Please note:
| + | [[Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 1- Expected change in pricing whenever you call for order but this is just an estimation.
| + | [[Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 2- The price of the copper double sided is the same as one-sided ones ??
| + | [[Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 3- the order would be ready within 2 weeks from the date of order.
| + | [[Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 4- for non-standard thickness, the customer is expected to buy the whole yeild. (usually is 6 plates but not always!)
| + | [[Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 5- the minimum order is 150$. | + | [[Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | 6- Copper single sided or double sided is possible depending on the thickness of the chosen laminate.
| + | [[Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | For ordering :
| + | [[Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg]] |
| − | call Melody on (480-961-8249) who is a busy lady as described (do not be upset if you have to leave a voicemail)
| |
| − | or call 800-227-6437 for any additional information on their products.
| |
| | | | |
| − | ;Important:
| + | [[Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg]] |
| | | | |
| − | The order can not be by individuals, the faster way is to make under the university name in a formal paper which determines exactly what we want, Melody is helpful and ready to answer any question such that we will sure 100% of every small detail.
| + | Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.[[Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) HV distributions
| + | [[Image:NSAE_ 151_ 2005_ 319-334_ Y.D. Lee.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | What happens when a 30 mv pulse is pushed onto the ground plane. Do you see it through the capacitor?
| + | TGEM-2009 [[File:TGEM_2009.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | ;GEANT4 simulation:
| + | 12 Volt power supply system. |
| | | | |
| − | there are two classes that can simulate the Th-232 fission process,
| + | http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf |
| | | | |
| − | a- G4InelasticProcess . [[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#01.2F05.2F10]]
| + | http://electrontube.com.[[Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf]] |
| − | b- G4HardronFission. the following should be added to the ExN02PhysicsList.cc :
| |
| | | | |
| − | A fission fragment distribution from Th-232 was observed. Now working on X-section.
| + | http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078 |
| | | | |
| − | <pre>
| + | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board |
| | | | |
| − | G4InclAblaCascadeInterface *theModel = new G4InclAblaCascadeInterface();
| + | http://wikipedia.org |
| − | theModel->SetMinEnergy(0.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | theModel->SetMaxEnergy(3.0 * GeV);
| |
| − | G4HadronFissionProcess *theFissionProcess = new G4HadronFissionProcess();
| |
| − | theFissionProcess->AddDataSet(new G4NeutronHPFissionData());
| |
| − | theFissionProcess->RegisterMe(theModel);
| |
| − | pmanager->AddDiscreteProcess(theFissionProcess);
| |
| − | </pre>
| |
| | | | |
| − | To compare this model with "G4Inelastic", the simulation is run for just a 100 neutrons, ExN02SteppingVerbose.cc can distinguish between a reaction of one fission fragment (dominant) or two fission fragments(used for calculating the fission cross section for Th-232).
| + | [http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.2026 A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image: Fiss_Inel.jpg | 250 px]] | + | GEANT4_Paticles_Models[http://geant4.cern.ch/support/proc_mod_catalog/index.shtml] |
| | | | |
| − | The previous figure is based on the following calculation.[[File:xsection_cal.txt]]
| + | Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html |
| | | | |
| − | Which one reproduces cross section?
| + | ==RETGEMs== |
| | | | |
| − | Table with data from measurements.
| + | [[Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/exfor/endf.htm
| |
| − | the website helps to generate graphs depending on the data-libraries stored. after you choose your element you can plot and add more data to your plot.
| |
| − | the previous plot for the Th-232 is generated by the same website.[[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Neutron_TGEM_Detector_Abdel#12.2F14.2F09]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | =2/16/10=
| + | [[Media:2010_INST_5_P03002.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | + | ;Thick GEM COBRA: |
| | | | |
| − | 1.) Cross section fro Simulation
| + | [[Media:THGEM_COBRA_08_10.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | Th-232 is a cube 10 x 10 x 10 cm^3.
| |
| | | | |
| − | The number of incident particles per Area = <math>\rho_{Th-232} V /A = \rho_{Th-232} L_{target} </math>
| + | [[Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math>\rho_{Th-232} = 11.72 g/cm^3</math>
| + | [[Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math>\Rightarrow 232.04 g/mol \times 6.02 \times 10^{23} Atoms/mole = 1.4 \times 10^{26}</math>
| + | [[Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | X-sect = <math>\frac{\mbox{number of observed fission events}}{1.64\times 10^{27} atoms/cm^3 \times 10 cm} = 6.1 \times 10^{-29) cm^2 \mbox{number of observed fission events}} \times \left ( \frac{1 barn}{10^{-24} cm^2} \right )</math>
| + | http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm |
| − | :<math>= 6 \times 10^{-5} </math> (number of observed fission events) barns
| |
| | | | |
| − | 2.) Output a file with fission fragments events containing energy and momentum for each fragment as well as incident neutron energy
| |
| | | | |
| − | = Th-232 and U-238 Activity in mCi= | + | http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1 |
| − | General information:
| |
| | | | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="4"
| + | Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/File:Media-Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors_(HV_circuit).pdf#filelinks] |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Physical properties || U-238 || Th-232
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Half life in years|| 4.468 X 10^9 || 1.405 X 10^10
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Decay rate per second || 4.91 X 10^-18 || 1.56 X 10^ -18
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Molar Mass g/mol || 238.02891 || 232.0381
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Activity of 2 kg in mCi || 0.68 || 0.22
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | Avogadro's number is 6.0221 X 10^23 /mol
| + | Stainless Steel deflection [http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=126] |
| | | | |
| − | 1 Ci = 3.7 X 10^10 disintegration/ second
| + | ==Data Sheets== |
| | | | |
| − | <math>2 \times 10^3 g \times \frac{1 mol}{238.03 g} \times \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms}{mol} \times \frac{decay}{4.4 \times 10^{9} years} \times \frac{yr}{365\times 24 \times 3600 sec} \frac{1 Ci}{3.7 \times 10^{10} decays/sec} \equiv 0.98 mCi</math>
| + | radioactive surface cleaner NoCount MDSD [[File:radioactive_surface_cleaner.pdf]]. |
| | | | |
| − | <math> \ Half Life \times \ Decay Rate = ln2 </math>
| + | ==Th-Xsection references== |
| | + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_Behrens_0.7-1.4MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_Blons_1975_1.2-1.8MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | <math>2 \times 10^3 g \times \frac{1 mol}{238.03 g} \times \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms}{mol} \times \frac{ ln2\times \ decay}{4.4 \times 10^{9} years} \times \frac{yr}{365\times 24 \times 3600 sec} \frac{1 Ci}{3.7 \times 10^{10} decays/sec} \equiv 0.68 mCi</math>
| + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_ermagambetov_0-3MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | =References=
| + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_Henkel_0-9MeV.pdf]] |
| − | [[Simulations_of_Particle_Interactions_with_Matter]] | |
| | | | |
| − | Voss and 3 russian references for Dy(n,x) cross sections
| + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_Ohsawa_original.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:Shalem_MSthesis_march2005.pdf]] | + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_pankratov_3-35MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3819 Dy photon gammas spectrum
| + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_protopopov_distancefromthesource.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:Th-232_fxsection_rago_12.5-18MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.ippe.obninsk.ru/podr/cjd/kobra13.php?SubentID=30974002
| + | ==U-238-Xsection and coating references== |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.americanelements.com/thoxst.html
| + | relative cross section and calibration samples characteristics for a well determined number of fissions per second |
| | | | |
| − | http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404119
| + | [[File:Eismont_relative_absolute_nf_induced_ intermediate energy.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | NIM_A535_2004_93[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Image:Detectors_for_energy-resolved_fast_neutron_imaging.PDF#filehistory]
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ;U_238 cross section error analysis: |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:NIM_A590_2008_pg134_Eberhardt.pdf]] Prep Targets | + | INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRON CROSS-SECTION STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 2007 [[File:U238-xsection.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | Neutron cross sections for different elements [[Media:Neutron_cross_sections.pdf]]
| + | U_238 (0.5-4MeV) and Th_232 (1-6MeV) fission cross section with statistical error.[[File:Th-232_U238_xsetion_data_ebars.txt]] |
| | | | |
| − | http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-2/
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:n gamma cross sections at 25 keV.jpg]] | + | [[File:Pankratov_fxsection_Th232_U233_U235_Np237_U238_5-37MeV.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:n alpha cross section at 14.2 MeV.jpg]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:ne cross section at 14 MeV.jpg]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:high enegy fission x-section.jpg]]
| + | ==Thorium Coating== |
| | + | ThF4 target for sputtering coatings |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:N_gamma_x-section_at_400_keV.jpg]]
| + | http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:x-sections of reactions at 14 MeV.jpg]]
| + | ==Machining Uranium== |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:n p x-section at 14.3MeV.jpg]]
| + | Uranium will ignite in powder form |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media: n gamma x-section at 14.5 MeV.jpg]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media: elastic x-section at 0.5 MeV.jpg]]
| + | http://www.springerlink.com/content/rr072r52163x0833/ |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media: n gamma x-section at 1 MeV.jpg]]
| + | ;coating Uranium |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media: n 2n x-section at 14.3 MeV.jpg]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | Donald James Hughes, Neutron cross sections, 2nd edition 1958, u.s.a atomic energy commission.[[Media:Neutron cross sections.pdf]]
| + | [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TVV-46G57SW-53&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F01%2F1991&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1388383717&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c3229e061695dfa28617f9f5db1ef55d]] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:NSAE_ 151_ 2005_ 319-334_ Y.D. Lee.pdf]]
| + | http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16864172 |
| | | | |
| − | TGEM-2009 [[File:TGEM_2009.pdf]]
| + | Calorimeters/Detectors: |
| | + | DU sheet is in wide-scale use as an absorber material in high-energy physics research at large accelerator laboratories. The high atomic number and density of DU presents a large number of atoms per unit volume to interact with the particles emerging from collisions in these detectors. Also the slight background radiation from DU enables in situ calibration of the electronic read out devices within such detectors, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement. |
| | | | |
| − | 12 Volt power supply system.
| + | http://www.2spi.com/catalog/chem/depleted-uranium-products.html |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.lnf.infn.it/esperimenti/imagem/doc/NIMA_46128.pdf
| |
| | | | |
| − | http://electrontube.com.[[Media: rp097mono HV divier.pdf]] | + | [http://books.google.com/books?id=NRXnXmFRjWYC&pg=SA48-PA17&lpg=SA48-PA17&dq=depleted+uranium+coating&source=bl&ots=a6jHsdI6Ec&sig=zVxKGeD4E42gAVkr8Otg9bfpkyg&hl=en&ei=8FgtTIH1HMGC8gbNl-S-Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBThG] |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.cerac.com/pubs/proddata/thf4.htm#anchor550078 | + | [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=90&ved=0CDYQFjAJOFA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.com%2Fenergy%2Ffiles%2FIFT_Catalog.pdf&ei=RFktTPbgKYL88AbC1tSSAw&usg=AFQjCNE3VbqBWbvcKln4pJVAj8FyKfcOig] |
| | | | |
| − | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_board | + | ;IAEA Photonuclear Data Library [http://www-nds.iaea.org/photonuclear/] |
| | | | |
| − | http://wikipedia.org
| + | ;Data Acquisition |
| | | | |
| − | [http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.2026 A : concise review on THGEM detectors A.Breskin, R. Alon, M. Cortesi, R. Chechik, J. Miyamoto, V. Dangendorf, J. Maia, J. M. F. Dos Santos] | + | Warren_logbook[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Warren_Parsons_Log_Book] |
| | | | |
| − | GEANT4_Paticles_Models[http://geant4.cern.ch/support/proc_mod_catalog/index.shtml]
| |
| | | | |
| − | Resistors online store : http://www.justradios.com/rescart.html
| + | Warren_Thesis [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/Warren_Parsons_MS_Thesis] |
| | | | |
| − | RETGEMs
| + | =Related To Gaseous Detectors= |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:Jinst8_02_p02012_THGEM_spark.pdf]]
| + | ==Breakdown and Detector Failure (10/21/10)== |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media: Nucl_Phys_B_Bidault_ novel UV photon detector.pdf]]
| + | ;Different kind of micro-pattern detectors |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:Mauro micro pattern gaseuos detectors.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Media:Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.supplydivision.co.uk/genitem.htm
| |
| | | | |
| | + | ;References |
| | | | |
| − | http://www.radioshack.com/search/index.jsp?kwCatId=&kw=24%20gauge%20wires&origkw=24%20gauge%20wires&sr=1
| + | 1- A. Bressan, M. Hocha : NIM A 424 (1999) 321—342 [[File:High_rate_behavior_and_discharge_limits_in micro-pattern_detectors .pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors (HV circuit)[http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/File:Media-Thick_GEM_versus_thin_GEM_in_two_phase_argon_avalanche_detectors_(HV_circuit).pdf#filelinks]
| + | 2- Fonte and Peskov IEEE 1999 :[[File:fundamental_limitations_of_high_rate_gaseous_detectors.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | Stainless Steel deflection [http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=126]
| + | 3- B. Schmidt: NIM A 419 (1998) 230—238 [[File:Microstrip_gas_chambers_Recent_developments_radiation_damage.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | = Ideas= | | = Ideas= |
| Line 2,427: |
Line 1,099: |
| | [[TGEM_Mask_Design]] | | [[TGEM_Mask_Design]] |
| | | | |
| | + | =P_D= |
| | + | |
| | + | [[Performance of THGEM as a Neutron Detector]] |
| | + | |
| | + | [[H_Proposal_Defense]] |
| | + | |
| | + | =Vendor= |
| | + | ===Thick Film Screen Printers=== |
| | | | |
| | + | http://www.sciquip.com/browses/browse_Cat.asp?Category=Screen+Printers |
| | | | |
| | + | http://www.marubeni-sunnyvale.com/screen_printing.html |
| | | | |
| | [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/TGEMS Go Back] [[TGEMS]] | | [http://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/TGEMS Go Back] [[TGEMS]] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | ===tektronix oscilloscope=== |
| | + | |
| | + | 134.50.3.73 |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | http://134.50.203.63/ |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <references/> |
