EG1 Teleconferences DeltaDoverD

2/26/09

OSICuts

2/12/09

An estimate of the pion contamination in the electron candidates from the 5 GeV data set appears below. Cuts are applied on the electron candidates based on the ratio of the energy deposited by the electron candidate in the electron calorimeter to the particles momentum measured by track reconstruction using hits in the drift chamber [math]\left ( \frac{E}{p} \right )[/math]. As reported at the last teleconference on 1/20/09, these cuts were taken from Media:Yelena_Prok_Measurement_of_The_Spin_structure_Function_of_The_Proton_in_The_Resonance_Region_Thesis.pdf and applied to the 5 GeV data sample. The number of photoelectrons measured by the cherenkov detector is shown below. The goal is to estimate the number of pions which contaminate the electron candidate sample. This is done by fitting the photoelectron distribution to 2 gaussian distributions and a Landau distribution. Integrals of the fits over the region of interest are used to determine the pion contamination to the electron candidates.

Josh's Pion cuts code

Number of photoelectrons and EC_tot/P vs nphe for Pions and Electrons when e_momentum < 3 GeV

Momentum (GeV)	[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P	[math]EC_{inner}[/math]/P	Cherenkov cut
e_momentum<3	>0.2	>0.08	nphe>2.5

The number of photoelectrons without cuts

The number of photoelectrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math] and e_momentum

The number of photoelectrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math], e_momentum and nphe

Distributions	amplitude	mean	width	amplitude	mean	width
	without cuts			with cuts([math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math], [math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math], e_momentum<3 GeV)
gauss(0)	p0=8.788e+06 +\-12727	p1=6.139 +\-0.010	p2=5.824 +\-0.004	p0=4.604e+06 +\-6281	p1=6.956 +\-0.010	p2=6.056 +\-0.005
landau(3)	p3=3.872e+07 +\-112178	p4=3.19 +\-0.01	p5=2.488 +\-0.003	p3=1.426e+07 +\-56395	p4=4.032 +\-0.008	p5=2.497 +\-0.004
gauss(6)	p6=2.727e+07 +\-8868	p7=1.094 +\-0.000	p8= 0.5347 +\-0.0002	p6=9.694e+06 +\-4903	p7=1.116 +\-0.000	p8= 0.5185 +\-0.0004

1.) Electrons in the sample

Electrons in the sample(using all cuts except nphe>2.5) =
[math] = \frac {Integral(gauss(0))}{Integral(gauss(0) + landau(3) + gauss(6))} =[/math]
[math] = \frac{6.104 \times 10^9 + 2.925 \times 10^9}{ 6.104 \times 10^9 + 2.925 \times 10^9 + 1.241 \times 10^9} = [/math]
[math] = 87 % [/math]

2.) Electrons in the sample using all cuts including nphe>2.5 cut

Electrons in the sample(including nphe>2.5 cut) =
[math] = \frac {Integral(gauss(0))}{Integral(gauss(0) + landau(3) + gauss(6))} =[/math]
[math] = \frac{5.367 \times 10^9 + 2.434 \times 10^9}{ 5.367 \times 10^9 + 2.434 \times 10^9 + 4.928 \times 10^6} = [/math]
[math] = 99.9 % [/math]

Conclusion

Using only EC cuts, electrons in the sample are 60 %, after using the cut on the number of photoelectrons the pion contamination decreased and 69 % of the particles are electrons, that means pion contamination is 31 %. It decreased by 9 %.

If we assume that the photoelectrons from electrons are described by the Gaussian and landau distribution and that the pions are only in the gaussian distribution then we would expect our electron candidates to have a pion contamination of [math]\frac{4.928 \times 10^6}{5.367 \times 10^9 + 2.434 \times 10^9 } \times 100 %= 0.06 %[/math].

For Pions

In this case, Josh's pion cut code was used. The number of entries decreased by ~ 20 %.

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for pions without cuts

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for pions using Josh's pion cuts code

For Electrons

In order to remove the peak around ~ 1.5 PE and some high energy pions which have enough energy to cause the Cherenkov radiation the cut on nphe was applied. The number of entries after applying the following cuts - [math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math] [math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math], e_momentum < 3 GeV and nphe > 2.5 decreased by 65.31 %.

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for electrons without cuts

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for electrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math], e_momentum and nphe

Number of photoelectrons and EC_tot/P vs nphe for Pions and Electrons when e_momentum > 3 GeV

Momentum (GeV)	[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P	[math]EC_{inner}[/math]/P	Cherenkov cut
e_momentum<3	>0.24	>0.06	nphe>0.5

The number of photoelectrons without cuts

The number of photoelectrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math] and e_momentum

The number of photoelectrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math], e_momentum and nphe

Distributions	amplitude	mean	width	amplitude	mean	width
	without cuts			with cuts([math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.06[/math], [math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.24[/math], e_momentum>3 GeV)
gauss(0)	p0=8.788e+06 +\-12717	p1=6.139 +\-0.01	p2=5.824 +\-0.004	p0=3.087e+06 +\-1393	p1=7.038 +\-0.002	p2=4.573 +\-0.001
landau(3)	p3=3.872e+07 +\- 112058	p4=3.19 +\-0.01	p5=2.488 +\-0.003	p3=1.774e+07 +\-12968	p4=3.797 +\-0.002	p5=1.398 +\-0.001
gauss(6)	p6=2.727e+07 +\- 8869	p7=1.094 +\- 0.000	p8= 0.5347 +\- 0.0002	p6=3.285e+06 +\-3512	p7=1.198 +\-0.000	p8= -0.4637 +\-0.0005

1.) Electrons in the sample

Electrons in the sample(using all cuts except nphe>0.5) =
[math] = \frac {Integral(gauss(0))}{Integral(gauss(0) + landau(3) + gauss(6))} =[/math]
[math] = \frac{3.32 \times 10^9}{ 3.32 \times 10^9 + 2.291 \times 10^9 + 3.8 \times 10^8} = [/math]
[math] = 55 % [/math]

2.) Electrons in the sample using all cuts including nphe>0.5 cut

Electrons in the sample(all cuts) =
[math] = \frac {Integral(gauss(0))}{Integral(gauss(0) + landau(3) + gauss(6))} =[/math]
[math] = \frac{ 3.269 \times 10^9}{ 3.269 \times 10^9 + 2.285 \times 10^9 + 3.571 \times 10^8} = [/math]
[math] = 55 % [/math]

Conclusion

The pion contamination is this case is the same as it was before using the cut nphe>0.5 cut. The pion contamination is 45 % in the sample.

If we assume that the photoelectrons from electrons are described by the Gaussian and landau distribution and that the pions are only in the gaussian distribution then we would expect our electron candidates to have a pion contamination of [math]\frac{3.571 \times 10^8}{3.269 \times 10^9 + 2.285 \times 10^9 } \times 100 %= 0.06 %[/math].

For Pions

In this case, Josh's pion cut code was used. The number of entries decreased by ~ 20 % .

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for pions without cuts

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for pions using Josh's pion cuts code

For Electrons

In order to remove the peak around ~ 1.5 PE and some high energy pions which have enough energy to cause the Cherenkov radiation the cut on nphe was applied. The number of entries after applying the following cuts - [math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.06[/math] [math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.24[/math], e_momentum > 3 GeV and nphe > 0.5 decreased by 73 %.

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for electrons without cuts

[math]EC_{tot}[/math]/P vs nphe for electrons after cuts on [math]EC_{tot}/P[/math], [math]EC_{inner}/P[/math], e_momentum and nphe

Repeat the above calculation using Nevzat's cuts. http://www.jlab.org/Hall-B/secure/eg1/EG2000/nevzat/GEOM_CC_CUTS/

1/29/09

We are interested in measuring the semi-inclusive pion asymmetry for both proton and deuteron targets using the 5-6 GeV EG1b data set. Our goal will be to investigate fragmentation and establish a procedure for extracting [math]\frac{\Delta d}{d}[/math] within the CLAS 12 GeV program. We begin the analysis using the EG1 DSTs created from "cooked" data files. Our first goal is evaluate the cuts used by others to improved the identification of scattered electrons in the data sample.

Cherenkov signal

Cherenkov PE Calculation

As shown in the wiki section, Particle_Identification#Cherenkov, the expected number of photoelectrons produced by electrons traversing the CLAS cherenkov detector would be
[math] N = 19 \times 10^{-9} \times 0.7 m [\frac{10^9}{m}] = 13.3 [/math]

if you assume a [math]\beta[/math] of 1 for the detected electrons in our data sample.

The expected number of photoelectrons in the CLAS cherenkov detector for reconstructed pion energies in the EG1 data set is shown in the graph below.

Our theoretical expectation, based on the description of the CLAS cherenkov detector suggests, that pions can generate up to about 10 photoelectrons compared with the 13 photoelectrons that can be generated by electrons. While the cherenkov detector can distinguish a 4 photoelectron signal generated by pions of momentum 3 GeV or less from the 10 photoelectrons generated by the typical detected electron, high momentum pions would generate photoelectron signals which are comparable to the photoelectrons generated by an electron.

Measured CLAS Cherenkov signal

Electrons

track reconstructed using 5 superlayers

The cherenkov signal measured in CLAS for particles identified as electrons by the tracking algorithm is shown below. There are two distributions present. One distribution is centered around 0.7 PEs and the second distribution is at 5.3 PEs when two gaussians and a Landau distribution are combined and fit to the spectrum.

PE Fit equation (Osipenko's CLAS Note 2004-20 File:CLAS Note-2004-020.pdf)

[math]N_{pe}= p_0 e^{-0.5 \left (\frac{x-p_1}{p_2} \right )^2} + p4\frac{1}{1-\left(\frac{x-p5}{p6}\right )} + p_6 e^{-0.5 \left (\frac{x-p_7}{p_8} \right )^2}[/math]

 The CLAS note above says 2 Poisson convolution by a gaussian are used to fit NPE histogram.  
The Poisson distribution starts to look like a gaussian when the Poisson mean value is larger 
than 4.  Our electron candidates theoretically have NPE = 13 and pions have NPE>4 when the 
pion energies are above 3 GeV.

We seem to get good fits if we use 2 Gaussians convoluted with a Landau.

As we will show below, the first peak is due to the misidentification of a negative pion as an electron.

track reconstructed using 6 superlayers

Reconstruction of an electrons trajectory through the CLAS drift chambers can be done using either 5 or 6 super layers. Do tracks reconstructed using 5 superlayers generate cherenkov signals which differ from tracks reconstructed using all 6 DC superlayers? The track reconstruction algorithm records the number of superlayers used for the track reconstructions. This number is recorder in the EG1 DST files within the "flag" variable. If the "flag" variable in the DST is larger than 10, then 6 superlayers were used for the track reconstruction. The cherenkov spectrum below is observed for particles identified as electrons in the EG1 data in which 6 superlayers have been used to determine their trajectory.

The table below compares the cherekov spectrum fit values for particles identified as electrons with and without the 6 superlayer requirement. If 6 superlayers are required for the electron reconstruction, the high PE gaussian distribution mean changes from 5.3 PEs to 3.8 PEs and is not not consistent within 2 standard deviations of the fit errors. The LOW PE gaussian distribution, the suspected pion contamination, mean changes from 0.7 to 1.0 PEs. The cuts decreases the number of entries by 37.17 %. It is believed that the Gaussian distribution centered around 1 PE is due to high energy pions(>2.5GeV). Neither of these distributions is consistent with the theoretical predictions made above suggesting that there are some light collection inefficiencies within the cherenkov detector.

Table: Cherenkov fit values

Distributions	amplitude	mean	width	amplitude	mean	width
	without cuts			with cut(flag>10)
gauss(0)	p0=2144+/-44.0	p1=5.342+/-0.343	p2=7.761+/-0.188	p0=1580+/-8.1	p1=3.75+/-0.06	p2=8.486+/-0.042
landau(3)	p3=4.349e+04+/-2894	p4=1.049+/-0.026	p5=0.2197+/-0.0257	p3=8600+/-3648.7	p4=-3.861+/-1.414	p5=-4.88+/-1.41
gauss(6)	p6=4960+/-270.6	p7=0.7345+/-0.0983	p8=0.8885+/-0.0594	p6=6219+/-54.2	p7=1.088+/-0.006	p8=0.6037+/-0.0052

The plots below show the event population intensity as a function of the electron candidates momentum measured by tracking and the number of photoelectrons observed in the cherenkov detector

Experiment	B>0	without cuts	flag>10	5<nphe<15	5<nphe<15 and flag>10

Pions([math]\pi^-[/math])

[math]\pi^-[/math]_Momentum_vs_Number_of_Photons

The histograms presented below show the event population intensity for the pion momentum and the number of photoelectrons generated by the pions. One can see that after applying cuts on NPhE and flag the mean value is around 1.

Experiment	B>0	without cuts	e_flag>10	0<e_nphe<5	0<nphe<5 and e_flag>10

Electron-pion contamination

Osipenko's CLAS Note 2004-20 File:CLAS Note-2004-020.pdf

EC_tot/P_vs_Number_of_Photoelectrons and EC_inner/P_vs_Number_of_Photoelectrons

Two types of cuts were applied on the distributions below, one on the energy deposited to the inner calorimeter [math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math] and another one on the total energy absorbed by the calorimeter [math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math], to improve the electron particle identification. In this case we used the DST file dst27095_05, the beam energy is 5.735 GeV and target NH3.

without cut	[math]EC_{tot}/P[/math]_vs_nphe([math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math])	[math]EC_{inner}/P[/math]_vs_nphe ([math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math])	[math]EC_{tot}/P[/math]_vs_nphe([math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math])

[math]EC_{inner}/P[/math]_vs_nphe([math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math])	[math]EC_{tot}/P[/math]_vs_nphe([math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math] and [math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math])	[math]EC_{inner}/P[/math]_vs_nphe ([math]EC_{tot}/P\gt 0.2[/math] and [math]EC_{inner}/P\gt 0.08[/math])

21-07-2010

Cuts

The correct identification of an electron and a pion is the main requirement for a semi-inclusive analysis. unfortunately, the pion is able to generate cerenkov radiation an as a result be misidentified as an electron. This contamination of the electron sample is removed using the cuts on the energy deposited in the electromagnetic calorimeter, the number of photoelectrons in the Cherenkov counter and fiducial cuts on the detector acceptance. The energy deposition in the calorimeter for electrons and pions is different. Pions are minimum ionizing charge particles depositing into the calorimeter which is independent of the pion's momentum once the momentum is above ~ 0.08 GeV. On the other hand, electrons produce photoelectrons and create electromagnetic shower releasing the energy into the calorimeter which is proportional to their momentum. In order to remove contamination due to the energy deposition in the calorimeter the following cut was introduced: [math]EC_{total}\gt 0.2*p[/math]. The cut was also applied to the energy collected in the inner part of the calorimeter: [math]EC_{inner}\gt 0.06*p[/math] , because the ratio of the energy deposited in the total to the inner calorimeter depends on the thickness of the detector and is a constant.

In addition to the cut on the energy deposited into the electromagnetic calorimeter, the misidentified electrons were excluded requiring a signal in the threshold CLAS Cherenkov detector. Pion's misidentified as electrons have been shown to produce around ~1.5 photoelectons in the cherenkov detector, as shown below. Geometrical cuts on the location of the particle at the entrance to the cerenkov detector were applied to reduce the pion contamination. The second histogram below shows that after cuts the peak around 1.5 is substantially reduced.

No cuts	OSI Cuts
The number of photoelectrons without cuts	The number of photoelectrons with OSI cuts

phi_angle_in_CM_Frame_vs_Relative_Rate

Because of wide range of kinematics, [math]{\varphi_{\pi}}^*[/math] was measured only for certain lepton scattering [math]\theta_e[/math] angles and invariant mass (W). Applying above described cuts: EC_inner>0.06, EC_tot/p>0.2, nphe>2.5 and [math]0.9\lt M_x\lt 1.1[/math], for the following invariant mass [math]1.44\lt W\lt 1.46[/math] and [math]0.4\lt cos\theta_{pion}^{CM}\lt 0.6[/math] the [math]{\varphi_{\pi}}^*[/math] vs relative rate distribution is shown below on the graph and compared with E99-107 data, which by itself is in agreement with the models.

[math]{\varphi_{\pi}}^*[/math] vs Relative rate for fixed [math]cos\theta_{pion}^{CM}=0.5[/math] and [math]W=1.45 GeV[/math] <ref name="Park2008" > Bogus text</ref> <ref> http://clasweb.jlab.org/cgi-bin/clasdb/msm.cgi?eid=14&mid=16&data=on </ref>

The EG1b data for kinematics chosen above show the same shape as E99-107 data.

If you follow the link below, you can find the comparison for the wide range of kinematics:

Phi_angle_in_CM_frame_for_different_runs

Electron Efficiency Ratio

Used NH3 target runs with positive and negative torus. EC , nphe and OSI cuts are applied. Only electron was required.

File number	electron	electron
B<0
B>0

Below is the graph of electron efficiency ratio when electron_paddle_number=7 for positive torus(Bp) and electron_paddle_number=11 for negative torus(B_n)

Media:electronefficiencyratioBp7Bn11.txt

In this case we required positive pion and electron and applied cut on [math]Q^2[/math]([math]1.05\lt Q^2\lt 1.15[/math])

X_bj	B_n/B_p Rates
0.14	0.25 [math]\pm[/math] 0.55
0.15	0.74 [math]\pm[/math] 0.27
0.17	1.07 [math]\pm[/math] 0.18
0.19	1.3 [math]\pm[/math] 0.13
0.2	1.4 [math]\pm[/math] 0.14

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