X-ray Worldwide facilities

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Nuclear_fusion

Magnetic_confinement_fusion

Inertial_confinement_fusion (ICF)

740px-Inertial confinement fusion.svg.png

Schematic of the stages of inertial confinement fusion using lasers. The blue arrows represent radiation; orange is blowoff; purple is inwardly transported thermal energy.

  1. Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope.
  2. Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material.
  3. During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
  4. Thermonuclear burn spreads rapidly through the compressed fuel, yielding many times the input energy.


Worldwide Installations able to produce ICF


Worldwide X/Z-Pinch Installation

  • ANGARA-5-1 (Russia) [1]
    • electric pulse: 4 MA, 90 ns, energy 800 kJ, power 12 TW
    • X-ray: 100 kJ/pulse
    • neutron flux: ~3x10^12 neutrons/pulse.
  • MAGPIE, Imperial College, London
    • 1.4 MA, 240 ns
  • SATURN
  • GEPOPU, Imperial College, London
    • 180 kA, 120 ns