@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-=Physics Program=
+[[ForestNSFInterimReport_8-31-10]]
-The <math>Q_{weak}</math> experiment and the measurement of
+[[ForestNSFInterimReport_8-31-11]]
-<math>A_1</math> at large<math> x</math> in Jefferson Lab's Hall B represent the
-main components of the principal investigator's physics program.
-Both components are the continuation of the PI's previous work
-in parity violating electron scattering as a Ph.D. student and
-polarized structure functions as a postdoctoral researcher
-based at Jefferson Lab.
-While the main goal of the <math>Q_{weak}</math> experiment is to measure
-the weak mixing angle <math>\sin^2</math>(<math>\theta_W</math>), the PI has found an
-opportunity to use the same apparatus to measure a new low energy
-fundamental constant known as <math>d_{\Delta}</math> described below.  Such
-an experiment using the <math>Q_{weak}</math> apparatus would require 1 week
-to measure an inelastic parity-violating asymmetry which is an
-order of magnitude larger than the <math>Q_{weak}</math> asymmetry.  While a
-postdoctoral researcher based at Jefferson Lab, the
-PI began developing a program to measure the
-polarized to unpolarized down quark distribution (<math>\frac{\Delta d}{d}</math>) in the nucleon.  The program was recently awarded
-days of beam time by Jefferson Lab's PAC 30.  Further details
-of the physics program are given in the subsections below.
-==Q_{weak}==
-The <math>Q_{weak}</math> experiment (E05-008) will use parity violating (PV)
-electron-proton scattering
-at very low momentum transfers <math>(Q^2  \sim  0.03 GeV^2)</math> to measure
-the weak mixing
-angle <math>\sin^2(\theta_W)</math>.
-The dominant contribution to the PV
-asymmetry measured by <math>Q_{weak}</math> is given by the weak charge of
-the proton, $Q_W^p = 1-4\sin ^2 \theta _W$,
-with small corrections at order $Q^4$ from nucleon
-electromagnetic form factors.
-This measurement will be a
-standard model test
-of the running of the electroweak coupling constant sin$^2$($\theta_W$).
-Any significant deviation of $\sin ^2 \theta _W$ from the
-standard model prediction at
-low $Q^2$ would be a signal of new physics, whereas agreement
-would place new and significant
-constraints on possible standard model extensions including new
-physics.
-The experiment is scheduled for installation in the beginning of 2010.
-The role of the principal investigator in this program is
-described in section~\ref{section:QweakDetector}.  A brief
-description of the physics behind the Qweak experiment is given below.
-The PV asymmetry measured by inclusive electron scattering
-is driven by the exchange of a neutral weak Z$^0$
-boson.
-The asymmetry may be expressed as
-\begin{eqnarray}
-<math>
-A ~\equiv~ {{\sigma _+ -\sigma _-}\over{\sigma _+ + \sigma _-}}~ =~\frac{G_F}{\sqrt{2}}\frac{Q^2}{\pi \alpha}\frac{1}{\sigma _p} \{ \varepsilon G^{\gamma}_{E}G^{Z}_{E} + \tau G^{\gamma}_{M} G^{Z}_{M} - {\frac{1}{2}}(1-4\sin ^2\theta _W )\varepsilon ^{\prime} G^{\gamma}_{M} G^{Z}_{A}\}
-</math>
-~\cite{ReyaSchilcher74},
-\label{eq:PVelasticAsym}
-\end{eqnarray}
-where $\sigma _+(\sigma_-)$ is the cross section for the elastic
-scattering of electrons of positive (negative)
-helicity, $\tau$, $\varepsilon$, and $\varepsilon ^{\prime}$ are
-kinematic factors depending on
-$Q^2$,
-$M$ is the mass of the proton, $G_F$ is the Fermi coupling
-constant, $\alpha$ is the electromagnetic
-coupling constant, $Q^2$ is the square of the four momentum
-transfer, $\sin ^2 \theta _W$ is the weak
-mixing angle, $\theta _e$ is the electron laboratory scattering
-angle, and $\sigma _p$
-is the Mott cross section.  The Sachs electromagnetic and
-neutral weak electric and magnetic form factors are denoted as <math>$G^{\gamma ,Z}_{E}$</math> and <math>$G^{\gamma ,Z}_{M}$</math>, respectively.  The above asymmetry is amplified by the interference between
-the weak and electromagnetic interactions.
-The limit $\theta
-\rightarrow 0$, $\epsilon \rightarrow 1$,
-and $\tau \ll 1$, in Eq.~\ref{eq:PVelasticAsym} is taken in order
-to see how a measurement of the PV asymmetry in elastic
-electron-proton
-scattering at very low $Q^2$ and very small electron scattering
-angles can be used to test the
-Standard Model.
-The resulting asymmetry becomes:
-\begin{eqnarray}
-<math>
-A = -{{G_F}\over{4\pi \alpha \sqrt{2}}}[Q^2 Q_W^p + F^p (Q^2 ,\theta )] \rightarrow
--{{G_F}\over{4\pi \alpha \sqrt{2}}}[Q^2 Q_W^p + Q^4 B(Q^2 )]
-</math>,
-\end{eqnarray}
-where $F^p$ is a form factor. Neglecting radiative corrections,
-the leading term in this equation
-is simply $Q_W^p = 1-4\sin ^2 \theta _W$. The $B(Q^2 )$ is the
-leading term in the nucleon
-structure defined in terms of neutron and proton electromagnetic
-and weak form factors.
-The contributions contained in $B(Q^2 )$
-(which enters to order $Q^4$)
-can be reduced by going to lower $Q^2$ values; however, this also
-reduces the sensitivity
-to $Q_W^p$ (which enters to leading order in $Q^2$) making it
-statistically more difficult
-to measure.
-The value of $B(Q^2 )$ can be determined
-experimentally by extrapolating measurements made by
-the ongoing program of forward angle PV experiments at higher
-$Q^2$~\cite{HAPEX,G0,A4}.
-The optimum value of $Q^2$ to minimize hadron structure
-uncertainties and at the same
-time maximize our sensitivity to $Q_W^p$ is estimated to be near
-$Q^2 = 0.03$~(GeV/c)$^2$
-\cite{Qweak}.
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
-%\vspace{-1in}
-\centerline{
-\scalebox{0.5} [0.5]{\includegraphics{Graphs/s2w_2004_4_new_2.eps}}}
-\caption{The dependence of $\sin^2 \theta_W$ as a function of
-$Q^2$ cast in the MS bar scheme by reference~\cite{Erler}.  The
-solid line represents the Standard Model prediction.
-The results from three experiments
-(APV~\cite{APV}, $Q_W(e)$~\cite{E158}, $\nu$-DIS~\cite{NuTeV} ,Z-pole~\cite{Zpole} are shown together with the expected
-precision from the <math>Q_{weak}</math> experiment (Q$_W(p)$~\cite{Qweak}. }
-\label{fig:newphysics}
-\end{figure}
-An essential prediction of the Standard Model is the variation of
-$\sin ^2 \theta _W$
-with $Q^2$, often referred to as the ``running of $\sin ^2 \theta
-_W$.'' Testing this prediction requires
-a set of precision measurements at a variety of $Q^2$ points,
-with sufficiently small and well
-understood theoretical uncertainties associated with the
-extraction of $\sin ^2 \theta _W$.
-It also requires a careful evaluation of the radiative
-corrections to $\sin ^2 \theta _W$ in
-the context of the renormalization group evolution (RGE) of the
-gauge couplings. Such tests
-have been crucial in establishing QCD as the correct theory of
-strong interactions \cite{Hin00},
-and the RGE evolution of the QED coupling has also been
-demonstrated experimentally \cite{TOP97,VEN98,OPAL00,L300}.
-The gauge coupling of the weak interaction, however, represented at low energies by the weak mixing angle
-$\sin ^2 \theta _W$, has not yet been studied successfully in this respect.
-Shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:newphysics} is the Standard Model prediction in a particular scheme \cite{QweakAp} for $\sin ^2 \theta _W$
-versus $Q^2$ along with existing and proposed world data. As seen in this figure, the very
-precise measurements near the $Z^0$ pole merely set the overall magnitude of the curve; to test
-its shape one needs precise off-peak measurements. To date, there
-are only three off-peak measurements
-of $\sin ^2 \theta _W$ which test the running at a significant
-level: one from APV~\cite{APV}, one from high energy neutrino-nucleus
-scattering~\cite{NuTeV}, and the recently completed SLAC
-experiment E-158(Q$_w$(e))~\cite{E158}. The measurement of $Q_W^p$ described here
-will be performed with smaller statistical and systematic errors and has a much cleaner
-theoretical interpretation than existing low $Q^2$ data. In addition, this measurement resides in the
-semi-leptonic sector, and is therefore complimentary to experiment E-158 at SLAC, which
-has determined $\sin ^2 \theta _W$ from PV $\vec e e$ (Moller) scattering (which
-resides in the pure leptonic sector) to roughly a factor of two less precision at low $Q^2$ \cite{E158}.
-The total statistical and systematic error anticipated
-on $Q_W^p$ from these measurements is around 4\% \cite{Qweak},
-corresponding to an uncertainty in
-$\sin ^2 \theta _W$ of $\pm$0.0007, and would establish the
-difference in radiative corrections
-between $\sin ^2 \theta _W (Q^2 \approx 0)$ and $\sin ^2 \theta
-_W (M_Z )$ as a 10 standard
-deviation effect.
-==Measuring $d_{\Delta}$ using the PV $N\rightarrow \Delta$ Transition  at Low $Q^2$ ==
-Interest in inelastic PV physics has been bolstered by the
-discovery of a
-new
-radiative correction for the PV $N\rightarrow
-\Delta$ transition~\cite{Zhu012} resulting in a $Q^2$
-independent asymmetry
-that does not contribute to elastic PV electron scattering.
-The result is a non-vanishing PV asymmetry at $Q^2 = 0$ .
-The new correction is the result of a photon coupling to a PV
-hadron vertex and is referred to as the so called ``anapole''
-contribution  which has no analog in the elastic channel.
-The authors in Ref.~\cite{Zhu012} use Siegert's
-theorem to show that the
-$Q^2$ independence is the result of a cancellation of the 1/$Q^2$ term
-from the photon propagator and the leading $Q^2$ dependence from
-the anapole term.
-The leading component from the contribution of this transition amplitude
-is proportional to $\omega ~(\omega = E_f -E_i )$
-times the PV electric dipole matrix element and is characterized
-by a low energy constant $d_{\Delta}$.  A measurement of the PV
-asymmetry in the $N\rightarrow \Delta$ transition at the photon point,
-or at very low $Q^2$, henceforth called the Siegert contribution,
-would provide a direct measurement of the low
-energy constant  $d_{\Delta}$.
-The low energy constant $d_{\Delta}$ is a fundamental constant
-which has implications to other long standing physics questions.
-The same PV electric dipole matrix element which results in
-$d_{\Delta}$ also drives the asymmetry
-parameter ($\alpha_{\gamma}$) in radiative hyperon decays, e.g. $\Sigma ^+ \rightarrow p\gamma$.
-Although Hara's theorem \cite{Hara64} predicts that the asymmetry
-parameter ( $\alpha_{\gamma}(\Sigma ^+ \rightarrow p\gamma$)) should
-vanish in the exact SU(3) limit,  the Particle Data
-Group~\cite{PDGAlphaSigma} reports a measured value of
-$\alpha_{\gamma}(\Sigma ^+ \rightarrow p\gamma) =$-0.72$\pm$ 0.08.
-While typical SU(3) breaking effects are of order $(m_s - m_u )/1$GeV $\sim$ 15\%,
-the above asymmetry parameter is experimentally
-found to be more than four times larger.
-A solution proposed by the authors of Ref.~\cite{Bor99}
-involves including high mass intermediate state resonances $(1/2 ^- )$,
-where the weak Lagrangian allows the coupling of both the hyperon and daughter
-nucleon to the intermediate state resonances, driving the asymmetry parameter
-to large negative values.
-This same reaction mechanism was also shown to
-simultaneously reproduce the $s-$ and $p-$ wave amplitudes in non-leptonic
-hyperon decays, which has also been a long standing puzzle in hyperon decay
-physics. If the same underlying dynamics is present in the
-non-strange sector ($\Delta S = 0$) as in the
-strangeness changing sector ($\Delta S = 1$), one would expect
-$d_{\Delta}$ to be enhanced over its natural scale ($g_{\pi}$ =
-.8$\times 10^{-8}$, corresponding to the scale of charged
-current hadronic PV effects \cite{Des80,Zhu00}).
-The authors of Reference\cite{Zhu012} estimate that this enhancement may
-be as large as a factor of 100, corresponding to an asymmetry of
-$\sim$ 4 ppm, comparable to the size of the effects due to the
-axial response and therefore easily measurable. Thus, a
-measurement of this quantity could provide a window into the
-underlying dynamics of the unexpectedly large QCD symmetry
-breaking effects seen in hyperon decays.
-The PI submitted a Letter of Intent
-(LOI-03-105) to JLab PAC24 which outlined an experiment to measure $d_{\Delta}$ using the
-$Q_{weak}$ apparatus \cite{Qweak}.
-As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:N2Delta_Asym}, a statistical precision of $<$ 0.1 ppm can be achieved at a $Q^2$
-value of 0.028 GeV$^2$ in less than a week.
-The favorable reviews received have encouraged the PI to submit
-a full proposal once
-the Q$_{weak}$ run schedule has become firm.
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
-\begin{center}{
-%\scalebox{0.4}[0.3]{\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics{Graphs/N2Delta_Asym.eps}}}
-\scalebox{0.4} [0.4]{\includegraphics{Graphs/A_d_Delta_Prec.xfig.eps}}
-}
-\caption{Expected precision of the measured asymmetry using the
-Q$_{weak}$ apparatus  compared
-with the expected asymmetry for several values of the low energy
-constant $d_{\Delta}$.  The rectangular box indicates both the
-Q$^2$ bin and the asymmetry uncertainty.}
-\label{fig:N2Delta_Asym}
-\end{center}
-\end{figure}
-== The Longitudinal Spin Structure of the Nucleon==
-\hspace{0.5in}Spin structure functions of the nucleon have been measured in deep inelastic (DIS)
- lepton scattering for nearly 30 years since the first
-experiments at SLAC.  Interest increased substantially in the 80's when
-the EMC collaboration reported that the
-quark helicities made a small contribution to the overall
-helicity of the proton, according to their data.  This ``spin
-crisis'' led to a vigorous
-theoretical and experimental
-effort over the next 20 years, with a large data set collected at CERN, SLAC, DESY and
-Jefferson Lab.
-As of today, the data
-indicate that between 25\% - 35\% of the nucleon spin is carried
-by the quark spins, with the remainder
-being attributed to gluon polarization and orbital angular
-momentum. The world data set however, has yet to resolve
-whether the three valence quark spins ($uud$ in the
-proton) follow the ``naive'' expectation
-of relativistic quark models that 60\% -- 70\% of the nucleon spin
-carried by quark helicities.
-The interest in this field continues unabated as new experiments
-(COMPASS
-%~\cite{COMPASS}
-at CERN
-and the nucleon spin program at RHIC
-%~\cite{RHIC}
-) are attempting to measure
-the low-$x$ gluon and sea quark
-polarization in a polarized nucleon with high precision. At large-$x$, new
-data from JLab address for the first time the question of the
-helicity structure of the nucleon in a kinematic realm
-where sea quark and gluon contributions are minimal thereby making
-one mostly sensitive to valence quarks. Examples of these results
-are shown in Fig.~\ref{delqJLab}.
-To extend this region to higher $x$ and moderate
-$Q^2$, one needs higher beam
-energies than presently available at JLab. In particular, to test
-various models of the
-asymptotic value of the virtual photon asymmetry $A_1(x)$ as $x
-\rightarrow 1$, one needs
-the upgraded CEBAF with 12 GeV beam energy.
-\begin{figure} [!hbp]
-\begin{center}{
-\scalebox{0.4} [0.5]{\includegraphics{Graphs/delq_new1.eps}}
-\scalebox{0.4} [0.5]{\includegraphics{Graphs/deltad_CLAS12.eps}}
-}
-\caption{The polarized to unpolarized up and down quark
-distribution ratio. The left figure shows the results
-from recent JLab experiments on the virtual photon asymmetry $A_1$ for
-the proton, Deuteron~\cite{EG2DeltaD} and neutron
-($^3$He)~\cite{HallADeltaD}.  The right figure represents the
-proposed measurements.  The expected data have been draw along
-the pQCD and CQM prediction. }
-\label{delqJLab}
-\end{center}
-\end{figure}
-The comprehensive data set to be
-collected by experiment PR12-06-109 will contribute
-substantially to our knowledge of polarized parton distribution
-functions for all quark flavors and even the polarized
-gluon distribution $\Delta g$. Through Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) analysis
-of the world data on inclusive DIS (using the DGLAP
-evolution equations), one can constrain these
-distribution functions and their integrals. Existing CLAS data
-from 6 GeV have already made an impact on these fits. The
-expected data from the proposed experiment at 11 GeV will yield
-further dramatic reductions in the errors on these distributions.
-In addition, semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS)
-data will also be collected, where in addition
-to the scattered electron we will detect some of the leading
-hadrons produced when
-the struck quark hadronizes. These data will further constrain
-the NLO fits and improve the
-separation of the various quark flavors' contribution to the nucleon spin.
-==Detector Development==\label{section:QweakDetector}
-\hspace{0.5in}Support from this proposal will be used to
-develop the Region 1 Tracking system for the Q$_{weak}$ experiment
-at Jefferson Lab.  Dr. Forest was
-awarded a grant under the Major
-Research Instrumentation (MRI) program ( Proposal \#PHYS-0321197)
-to develop this tracking system.
-A prototype detector and a
-detector positioning system have already been built using support
-from a previous NSF grant in combination with the instrumentation
-support from the MRI grant.
-As a result of this work, the final design has been completed
-which will
-construct ionization chambers
-equipped
-with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM)~\cite{Sauli}
-as the first tracking
-element in the Qweak tracking system.  The use of GEM
-preamplifiers increases the rate capabilities of the chambers
-allowing them to be used close to the target.  As
-work package manager of the Region 1 tracking system, Dr. Forest
-is responsible for the construction, testing and installation of
-this tracking system.
-A prototype detector was built and calibrated by Dr. Forest
-and his physics student Jeremy Dobbins in
-early 2004.  The detector, shown in
-Figure~\ref{fig:QweakProducts} was a 2cm thick ionization chamber
-equipped with three gas electron multiplier preamplification
-stages~\cite{Sauli} and having an active area of 10cm x 10cm.
-The  detector gain of 10$^5$ and a response uniformity
-less than 1\% was observed which is consistent with the findings
-of other groups.  The detectors output signal was observed to have
-a 25ns rise time making it ideal for use in the high rate
-environment expected in the Q$_{weak}$ experiment.  The effect of
-gas pressure on the detector's gain
-and quantum efficiency was then quantified by Louisiana Tech graduate
-student Jena Kraft in her
-M.S. physics thesis of Nov. 2004.  It was discovered during
-operation of the first prototype that the wire bonds used to
-connect the charge collection strips to 24 pin output connectors
-were unreliable and too fragile.
-As a result, the detector was redesigned to eliminate the need
-for these wire bonds.
-Preliminary testing of the new design has shown no degradation of
-detector performance.
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
-\centerline{
-\scalebox{0.3} [0.49]{\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics{Graphs/Glue2DchargeCollectr_1stPrototype.eps}}}
-\scalebox{0.7} [0.7]{\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics{Graphs/QweakRotatorPicture.eps}}}
-}
-\caption{A prototype Region 1 ionization chamber (left) and the support
-structure (right) to be used to position the tracking system for
-Qweak.  The left image shows an ionization chamber and
-readout board only.  Rows of black 20 pin connectors are now wave
-soldered directly to the readout board replacing fragile wire
-bonds used previously.  The right image shows the detector
-rotation system composed of a main aluminum rotation ring upon
-which two liner bi-slide systems are mounted.  A oil impregnated
-brass worm gear, underneath the main aluminum ring, is remotely
-controlled to turn the ring to a desired octant.}
-\label{fig:QweakProducts}
-\end{figure}
-===ISU's Role===
-Work Package manager of the Detector and Front End electronics.
-Inelastic PV measurements (<math>d_{\Delta}</math>)
-==Vector Meson and Hyperon Photoproduction with Linearly Polarized Photons==
-== Primakoff==
-GeV A- experiment and 12 GeV PAC proposal
-== CLAS==
-=== Physics Program===
-==== Polarized Structure Functions====
-<math>\frac{\Delta d}{d}</math>
-==== Baryon Spectroscopy Program====
-=== CLAS 12 DC Design and Construction ===
-List of Currently supported students:
- {| border="1"  |cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0
-|-
-|Student|| Classification || Expected Grad Yr
-|-
-|Julian Salamanca|| Ph. D.  || 2009
-|-
-|Tamar Didbarize|| Ph. D.  || 2010
-|-
-|Danny Martinez|| Ph. D.  || 2012
-|-
-|Oleksei Kosinov|| Ph. D.  || 2012
-|-
-| Adrianne Spilker || M.S. ||2009
-|-
-|Saitiniyazi Shadike || M.S.  || 2009
-|-
-|Jordan Keonough || BS  || 2011
-|-
-|Nathan Lebaron|| BS  || 2012
-|}
-= Prior and Future use of NSF Funds=
-\hspace{0.5in}While at Louisiana Tech University, the PI received three prior NSF awards as a member of the Louisiana Tech Particle Physics Group. The first proposal entitled ``Parity Violating Electron Scattering at Jefferson Lab, was awarded in 2002 for three years in the amount of \$670,230 (NSF Award \#0244998) to Louisiana Tech University. The award supported the groups efforts building triggering electronics for the G0 backward angle measurements and for the initial development of the $Q_{weak}$ experiment. The second proposal, ``Precision Electroweak Measurements at Jefferson Lab, was awarded \$204,594 in 2006 (NSF Award \#0555390) with similar support for the next two years to continuing the Lousiana Group's efforts. Dr. Forest's MRI Proposal (\#PHYS-0321197) entitled {\small ``Collaborative Research:Development of a Particle Tracking System for the Qweak Experiment} was awarded \$131,770 on July 26, 2003 to develop the Region 1 tracking system for the Q$_{weak}$ experiment. The status of the work supported by the above awards which the PI was responsible for is given in section~\ref{section:QweakDetector} and shown in Figure~\ref{fig:QweakProducts}.
-=Facilities=
-\hspace{0.5in}The Idaho State University Department of Physics Strategic Plan
-identifies the use of experimental nuclear physics techniques as
-its focus area to addressing problems in both fundamental and
-applied science.  The major efforts of the department include
-fundamental nuclear and particle physics, nuclear reactor fuel
-cycle physics, nuclear non-proliferation and homeland security,
-accelerator applications, radiation effects in materials and
-devices, biology and health physics.  Because of this focus, the
-department has been characterized as one of the largest nuclear
-physics graduate programs in the nation with an average of over
-graduate students.  One of the key
-ingredients to the department's success has been the completion
-of the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) on April 30, 1999.  A substantial
-amount of lab space (4000 sq. ft.) within the department has
-become available due to a combination of the IAC and a remodeling
-of the physics building.  A detector lab with the potential to
-construct proto-type drift chambers in a clean room environment
-is currently planned as part of the lab space renovation.
-The Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) is located less than a mile
-away from campus and will provide a machining facility for
-detector construction, an electronics shop for installation of
-instrumentation, and beam time for detector performance studies.
-The IAC houses ten operating accelerators as well as a machine and
-electronics shop with a permanent staff of 8 Ph.D.'s and 6
-engineers.  Among its many accelerator systems, the Center
-houses a Linac capable of delivering 20 ns to 2 $\mu$s electron
-pulses with an instantaneous current of 80 mA up to an energy of 25
-MeV at pulse rates up to 1kHz.  The IAC has donated beam time to
-the Q$_{weak}$ project for the purpose of testing detector
-performance.  One of the goals of these tests will be to evaluate
-the Q$_{weak}$ detector at high rates.  The IAC is well suited
-for these rate tests as the Q$_{weak}$ calibration rates will be
-much lower than the electron and photon rates the IAC is capable of
-generating. A full description of the facility is available at
-the web site (www.iac.isu.edu).
-The Beowulf REsource for Monte-carlo Simulations (BREMS) is
-a 12 node, 64 bit cluster housed in the ISU physics department
-which can support the high performance computing needs of
-the physics research program.  This facility is the result of an
-investment made by NSF award PHYS-987453.  This infrastructure
-will be an effective means for performing GEANT4 simulations of
-the Q$_{weak}$ experiment as well as Garfield simulations of the
-Region II drift chamber design.  Simulation speed is increased on
-BREMS by running the simulation in parallel on many CPUs.
-A version of GEANT4 known as ParGeant4~\cite{ParGeant4} has recently been
-distributed which will allow these simulations to be run in parallel.
-=The Broader Impact of the Idaho State University Nuclear Physics Research Program=
-[http://www.iac.isu.edu/mediawiki/index.php/NSF Go Back]

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