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[[Photon_Activation_Analysis_Wiki]] | [[Photon_Activation_Analysis_Wiki]] | ||
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+ | ==Empirically measured atomic radii== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following table shows empirically measured '''covalent''' radii for the elements, as published by [[J. C. Slater]] in 1964.<ref name="slater64"> | ||
+ | {{cite journal | ||
+ | |last=Slater|first=J. C. | ||
+ | |year=1964 | ||
+ | |title=Atomic Radii in Crystals | ||
+ | |journal=[[Journal of Chemical Physics]] | ||
+ | |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=3199–3205 | ||
+ | |bibcode=1964JChPh..41.3199S | ||
+ | |doi=10.1063/1.1725697 | ||
+ | }}</ref> The values are in [[picometers]] (pm or 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m,), with an accuracy of about 5 pm. The shade of the box ranges from red to yellow as the radius increases; gray indicates lack of data. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| wikitable WIDTH="80%" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | | '''[[Periodic table group|Group]]''' (vertical) | ||
+ | | '''[[Alkali metal|1]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Alkaline earth metal|2]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 3 element|3]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 4 element|4]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 5 element|5]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 6 element|6]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 7 element|7]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 8 element|8]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 9 element|9]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 10 element|10]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 11 element|11]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Group 12 element|12]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Boron group|13]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Carbon group|14]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Pnictogen|15]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Chalcogen|16]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Halogen|17]]''' | ||
+ | | '''[[Noble gas|18]]''' | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Periodic table period|Period]]''' (horizontal) | ||
+ | | colspan=19 | | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 1 element|1]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff1900" | [[Hydrogen|H]]<br/>25 | ||
+ | | colspan=16 | | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Helium|He]]<br/> <!--was 31--> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 2 element|2]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Lithium|Li]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff6900" | [[Beryllium|Be]]<br/>105 | ||
+ | | colspan=10 | | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff5500" | [[Boron|B]]<br/>85 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff4600" | [[Carbon|C]]<br/>70 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff4100" | [[Nitrogen|N]]<br/>65 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff3c00" | [[Oxygen|O]]<br/>60 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff3200" | [[Fluorine|F]]<br/>50 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Neon|Ne]]<br/> <!--was 38--> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 3 element|3]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Sodium|Na]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9600" | [[Magnesium|Mg]]<br/>150 | ||
+ | | colspan=10 | | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff7d00" | [[Aluminium|Al]]<br/>125 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff6e00" | [[Silicon|Si]]<br/>110 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Phosphorus|P]]<br/>100 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Sulfur|S]]<br/>100 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Chlorine|Cl]]<br/>100 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Argon|Ar]]<br/> <!--was 71--> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 4 element|4]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffdc00" | [[Potassium|K]]<br/>220 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Calcium|Ca]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Scandium|Sc]]<br/>160 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Titanium|Ti]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Vanadium|V]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Chromium|Cr]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Manganese|Mn]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Iron|Fe]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Cobalt|Co]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Nickel|Ni]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Copper|Cu]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Zinc|Zn]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Gallium|Ga]]<br/>130 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff7d00" | [[Germanium|Ge]]<br/>125 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Arsenic|As]]<br/>115 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Selenium|Se]]<br/>115 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Bromine|Br]]<br/>115 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Krypton|Kr]]<br/> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 5 element|5]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffeb00" | [[Rubidium|Rb]]<br/>235 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffc800" | [[Strontium|Sr]]<br/>200 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Yttrium|Y]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Zirconium|Zr]]<br/>155 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Niobium|Nb]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Molybdenum|Mo]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Technetium|Tc]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8200" | [[Ruthenium|Ru]]<br/>130 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Rhodium|Rh]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Palladium|Pd]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Silver|Ag]]<br/>160 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Cadmium|Cd]]<br/>155 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Indium|In]]<br/>155 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Tin|Sn]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Antimony|Sb]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Tellurium|Te]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Iodine|I]]<br/>140 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Xenon|Xe]]<br/> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 6 element|6]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffff00" | [[Caesium|Cs]]<br/>260 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffd700" | [[Barium|Ba]]<br/>215 | ||
+ | | *<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Hafnium|Hf]]<br/>155 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Tantalum|Ta]]<br/>145 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Tungsten|W]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Rhenium|Re]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8200" | [[Osmium|Os]]<br/>130 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Iridium|Ir]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Platinum|Pt]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Gold|Au]]<br/>135 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ff9600" | [[Mercury (element)|Hg]]<br/>150 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffbe00" | [[Thallium|Tl]]<br/>190 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Lead|Pb]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Bismuth|Bi]]<br/>160 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffbe00" | [[Polonium|Po]]<br/>190 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Astatine|At]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Radon|Rn]]<br/> | ||
+ | |- align=CENTER | ||
+ | | '''[[Period 7 element|7]]''' | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Francium|Fr]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffd700" | [[Radium|Ra]]<br/>215 | ||
+ | | **<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Rutherfordium|Rf]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Dubnium|Db]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Seaborgium|Sg]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Bohrium|Bh]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Hassium|Hs]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Meitnerium|Mt]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Darmstadtium|Ds]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Roentgenium|Rg]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Copernicium|Cn]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununtrium|Uut]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Flerovium|Fl]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununpentium|Uup]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Livermorium|Lv]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununseptium|Uus]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununoctium|Uuo]]<br/> | ||
+ | |- align=CENTER | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- align=CENTER | ||
+ | | [[Lanthanides]] | ||
+ | | *<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffc300" | [[Lanthanum|La]]<br/>195 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Cerium|Ce]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Praseodymium|Pr]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Neodymium|Nd]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Promethium|Pm]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Samarium|Sm]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Europium|Eu]]<br/>185 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Gadolinium|Gd]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Terbium|Tb]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Dysprosium|Dy]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Holmium|Ho]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Erbium|Er]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Thulium|Tm]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Ytterbium|Yb]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Lutetium|Lu]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | |- align=CENTER | ||
+ | | [[Actinides]] | ||
+ | | **<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffc300" | [[Actinium|Ac]]<br/>195 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Thorium|Th]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Protactinium|Pa]]<br/>180 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Uranium|U]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Neptunium|Np]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Plutonium|Pu]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Americium|Am]]<br/>175 | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Curium|Cm]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Berkelium|Bk]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Californium|Cf]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Einsteinium|Es]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Fermium|Fm]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Mendelevium|Md]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Nobelium|No]]<br/> | ||
+ | | bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Lawrencium|Lr]]<br/> | ||
+ | |- align="CENTER" | ||
+ | | colspan=20 | | ||
+ | |} |
Revision as of 20:41, 6 April 2014
PhysicsThesis_Standards_Procedures
Photon_Activation_Analysis_Wiki
Empirically measured atomic radii
The following table shows empirically measured covalent radii for the elements, as published by J. C. Slater in 1964.<ref name="slater64"> Template:Cite journal</ref> The values are in picometers (pm or 1×10−12 m,), with an accuracy of about 5 pm. The shade of the box ranges from red to yellow as the radius increases; gray indicates lack of data.
Group (vertical) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Period (horizontal) | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | H 25 |
He | |||||||||||||||||
2 | Li 145 |
Be 105 |
B 85 |
C 70 |
N 65 |
O 60 |
F 50 |
Ne | |||||||||||
3 | Na 180 |
Mg 150 |
Al 125 |
Si 110 |
P 100 |
S 100 |
Cl 100 |
Ar | |||||||||||
4 | K 220 |
Ca 180 |
Sc 160 |
Ti 140 |
V 135 |
Cr 140 |
Mn 140 |
Fe 140 |
Co 135 |
Ni 135 |
Cu 135 |
Zn 135 |
Ga 130 |
Ge 125 |
As 115 |
Se 115 |
Br 115 |
Kr | |
5 | Rb 235 |
Sr 200 |
Y 180 |
Zr 155 |
Nb 145 |
Mo 145 |
Tc 135 |
Ru 130 |
Rh 135 |
Pd 140 |
Ag 160 |
Cd 155 |
In 155 |
Sn 145 |
Sb 145 |
Te 140 |
I 140 |
Xe | |
6 | Cs 260 |
Ba 215 |
* |
Hf 155 |
Ta 145 |
W 135 |
Re 135 |
Os 130 |
Ir 135 |
Pt 135 |
Au 135 |
Hg 150 |
Tl 190 |
Pb 180 |
Bi 160 |
Po 190 |
At |
Rn | |
7 | Fr |
Ra 215 |
** |
Rf |
Db |
Sg |
Bh |
Hs |
Mt |
Ds |
Rg |
Cn |
Uut |
Fl |
Uup |
Lv |
Uus |
Uuo | |
Lanthanides | * |
La 195 |
Ce 185 |
Pr 185 |
Nd 185 |
Pm 185 |
Sm 185 |
Eu 185 |
Gd 180 |
Tb 175 |
Dy 175 |
Ho 175 |
Er 175 |
Tm 175 |
Yb 175 |
Lu 175 | |||
Actinides | ** |
Ac 195 |
Th 180 |
Pa 180 |
U 175 |
Np 175 |
Pu 175 |
Am 175 |
Cm |
Bk |
Cf |
Es |
Fm |
Md |
No |
Lr | |||