Difference between revisions of "X-ray Worldwide facilities"
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* National_Ignition_Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility ] | * National_Ignition_Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility ] | ||
* Laser_Megajoule in Bordeaux, France [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule ] | * Laser_Megajoule in Bordeaux, France [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule ] | ||
| − | * Z machine | + | **fact: As of 2012 Fusion shot simulations at 60 to 70 million amperes are showing a 100 to 1000 fold return on input energy |
| + | |||
| + | ==X/Z-Pinch Installation== | ||
| + | *Z machine, Sandia National Laboratories [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_machine ] | ||
**1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns | **1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns | ||
**2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns | **2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns | ||
**planned ZN (Z Neutron): 20 and 30 MJ per short | **planned ZN (Z Neutron): 20 and 30 MJ per short | ||
**planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt | **planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*SATURN, Sandia National Laboratory, 8MA | *SATURN, Sandia National Laboratory, 8MA | ||
*ANGARA-5-1 (Russia) [http://www.triniti.ru/Triniti_eng/Base1.html] 4 MA, 100 ns | *ANGARA-5-1 (Russia) [http://www.triniti.ru/Triniti_eng/Base1.html] 4 MA, 100 ns | ||
Revision as of 05:44, 8 February 2013
Nuclear_fusion [1]
Magnetic_confinement_fusion[2]
Inertial_confinement_fusion (ICF) [3]
Schematic of the stages of inertial confinement fusion using lasers. The blue arrows represent radiation; orange is blowoff; purple is inwardly transported thermal energy.
- Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope.
- Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material.
- During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
- Thermonuclear burn spreads rapidly through the compressed fuel, yielding many times the input energy.
Worldwide Installations able to produce ICF
- National_Ignition_Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [4]
- Laser_Megajoule in Bordeaux, France [5]
- fact: As of 2012 Fusion shot simulations at 60 to 70 million amperes are showing a 100 to 1000 fold return on input energy
X/Z-Pinch Installation
- Z machine, Sandia National Laboratories [6]
- 1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns
- 2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns
- planned ZN (Z Neutron): 20 and 30 MJ per short
- planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt
- SATURN, Sandia National Laboratory, 8MA
- ANGARA-5-1 (Russia) [7] 4 MA, 100 ns
- MAGPIE, Imperial College, London 1.4 MA, 240 ns
- GEPOPU, Imperial College, London 180 kA, 120 ns
- COBRA, Cornell University, 1 MA, 95-180 ns
- XP Pulser, Cornell University, 450 kA, 50 ns
- QiangGuang-1, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 1 MA, 50 ns
- PPG-1, Beijing, China 400 kA, 100 ns
- Light II-A, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) 200 kA
Compact X-Pinch
- Table Top, Beijing, China 100 kA, 60 ns