Differential Cross-Section

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Differential Cross-Section

$\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}=\frac{1}{64\pi ^2 s}\frac{\mathbf p_{final}}{\mathbf p_{initial}} |\mathfrak{M} |^2$

Working in the center of mass frame

$\mathbf p_{final}=\mathbf p_{initial}$

Determining the scattering amplitude in the center of mass frame

$\mathfrak{M}=e^2 \left ( \frac{u-s}{t}+\frac{t-s}{u} \right )$

$\mathfrak{M}^2=e^4 \left ( \frac{u-s}{t}+\frac{t-s}{u} \right )\left ( \frac{u-s}{t}+\frac{t-s}{u} \right )$

$\mathfrak{M}^2=e^4 \left ( \frac{(u-s)^2}{t^2}+\frac{(t-s)^2}{u^2} +2\frac{(u-s)}{t}\frac{(t-s)}{u}\right )$

$\mathfrak{M}^2=e^4 \left ( \frac{(u^2-2us+s^2)}{t^2}+\frac{(t^2-2ts+s^2)}{u^2} +2\frac{(ut-st+s^2-us)}{tu}\right )$

$\mathfrak{M}^2=e^4 \left ( \frac{(t^2+s^2)}{u^2}+\frac{2s^2}{tu}+2-\frac{2us}{t^2}-\frac{2s}{t}-\frac{2ts}{u^2}-\frac{2s}{u}+\frac{(u^2+s^2)}{t^2}\right )$

Using the fine structure constant ($with\ c=\hbar=\epsilon_0=1$)

$\alpha \equiv \frac{e^2}{4\pi}$

$\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}=\frac{\alpha ^2}{2s}\left ( \frac{(t^2+s^2)}{u^2}+\frac{2s^2}{tu}+2-\frac{2us}{t^2}-\frac{2s}{t}-\frac{2ts}{u^2}-\frac{2s}{u}+\frac{(u^2+s^2)}{t^2}\right )$

In the center of mass frame the Mandelstam variables are given by:

$s \equiv 4E^{*2}$

$t \equiv -2p^{*2}(1-\cos{\theta})$

$u \equiv -2p^{*2}(1+\cos{\theta})$

Calculating the parts:

$\frac{t^2}{u^2}=\frac{4p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{4p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\tan^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}=\frac{p^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^4}{p^{*4}\sin^4{\theta}}$

$\frac{s^2}{u^2}=\frac{16E^{*4}}{4p^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{E^{*4}\sec^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}}{p^{*4}}=\frac{4E^{*4}}{p^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{4E^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{p^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{4E^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{p^{*4}\sin^4{\theta}}$

$\frac{u^2}{t^2}=\frac{4p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{4p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\cot^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}=\frac{p^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^4}{p^{*4}\sin^4{\theta}}$

$\frac{s^2}{t^2}=\frac{16E^{*4}}{4p^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{E^{*4}\csc^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}}{p^{*4}}=\frac{4E^{*4}}{p^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{4E^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{p^{*4}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{4E^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}{p^{*4}\sin^4{\theta}}$

$\frac{2s^2}{tu}=\frac{32E^{*4}}{4p^{*4}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{8E^{*4}}{p^{*4}\sin^2{\theta}}=\frac{8E^{*4}\sin^2{\theta}}}{p^{*4}\sin^4{\theta}}$

$\frac{-2s}{t}=\frac{8E^{*2}}{2p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}}{p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)}{p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)}{p^{*2}\sin^2{\theta}}$

$\frac{-2s}{u}=\frac{8E^{*2}}{2p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}}{p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}{p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}=\frac{4E^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)}{p^{*2}sin^2{\theta}}$

$\frac{-2ts}{u^2}=\frac{4p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)4E^{*2}}{4p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{E^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)\sec^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}}{p^{*2}}$

$\frac{-2us}{t^2}=\frac{4p^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)4E^{*2}}{4p^{*2}\left(1-\cos{\theta}\right)^2}=\frac{E^{*2}\left(1+\cos{\theta}\right)\csc^4{\frac{\theta}{2}}}{p^{*2}}$

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