Difference between revisions of "X-ray Worldwide facilities"
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==Worldwide Installations able to produce ICF== | ==Worldwide Installations able to produce ICF== | ||
| − | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility | + | * National_Ignition_Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility ] |
| − | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule | + | * Laser_Megajoule in Bordeaux, France [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule ] |
| − | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_machine | + | * Z machine at the Sandia National Laboratories [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_machine ] |
**1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns | **1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns | ||
**2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns | **2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns | ||
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**planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt | **planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt | ||
**fact: As of 2012 Fusion shot simulations at 60 to 70 million amperes are showing a 100 to 1000 fold return on input energy | **fact: As of 2012 Fusion shot simulations at 60 to 70 million amperes are showing a 100 to 1000 fold return on input energy | ||
| − | |||
==Worldwide X/Z-Pinch Installation== | ==Worldwide X/Z-Pinch Installation== | ||
Revision as of 02:45, 8 February 2013
Nuclear_fusion [1]
Magnetic_confinement_fusion[2]
Inertial_confinement_fusion (ICF) [3]
Schematic of the stages of inertial confinement fusion using lasers. The blue arrows represent radiation; orange is blowoff; purple is inwardly transported thermal energy.
- Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope.
- Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material.
- During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
- Thermonuclear burn spreads rapidly through the compressed fuel, yielding many times the input energy.
Worldwide Installations able to produce ICF
- National_Ignition_Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [4]
- Laser_Megajoule in Bordeaux, France [5]
- Z machine at the Sandia National Laboratories [6]
- 1996 Z machine: 18 MA 100ns
- 2006 ZR (Refurbished): 27MA 95ns
- planned ZN (Z Neutron): 20 and 30 MJ per short
- planned Z-IFE (Z-inertial fusion energy): 70MA 1 petawatt
- fact: As of 2012 Fusion shot simulations at 60 to 70 million amperes are showing a 100 to 1000 fold return on input energy
Worldwide X/Z-Pinch Installation
- ANGARA-5-1 (Russia) [7]
- electric pulse: 4 MA, 90 ns, energy 800 kJ, power 12 TW
- X-ray: 100 kJ/pulse
- neutron flux: ~3x10^12 neutrons/pulse.
- MAGPIE, Imperial College, London
- 1.4 MA, 240 ns
- SATURN
- GEPOPU, Imperial College, London
- 180 kA, 120 ns