VFAT readout electronics

This page describes the GEM detector readout system for the Qweak experiment. The system has four components, the VFAT readout card from CERN, a signal breakout box, a Gumstick I2C control computer, and an I/O VME module to record the LVDS output from the VFAT card.

Parts Order List for Rev 4

20 1uF 805 Capacitors http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=490-1695-1-ND

VFAT readout Block Diagram

The diagram below describes the detector readout electronics for a GEM detector instrumented with 6 VFAT boards. Each VFAT board has 128 radout channels which are output through a single LVDS data line in series. A VFAT board from CERN is evaluated for use as a readout board to convert the GEM output analog signal to a digital signal.

Media:BreakOutBox.text

Breakout Board Design

RJ45 I2C + Power connector

Pin	RJ45 Color Code	VFAT color Code/ Pin Number	Desc
1	white with orange spots	B25	Analog Ground
2	solid orange	A25	Analog Vcc
3	white with green	A7	Hard Reset goes to +Vcc
4	solid blue	A2	SCL
5	white with blue	B2	SDA
6	green	not connected
7	white with brown	B1	Digital Ground
8	solid brown	A1	Digital Vcc

VFAT Board specifications

Photos of the top and bottom side of the VFAT card are shown below. The top side has a 50 pin connector which goes to the breakout box to separate I2C control signals and LVDS data I/O signals. The bottom side attaches to the GEM detector readout board via a 130 pin socket connector.

• 40 MHz sampling
• 128 channels
• can store up to 128 triggered events
• 0.25 [math]\mu[/math]m CMOS
• designed to withstand 100 MRad
• Single Event Upset protection using triple logic flip flops testable via a scan chain
• I2C control
• LVDS output

Signals

LVDS Signals to I/O module using 34 pin ribbon cable

LVDS

National Semiconductor LVDS site

LVDS signals should be able to go 10 m

[National Semiconductor suggests 15 m in section 2.5]

change to CAT 5 cable and you may be able to hit 80 m for 40 Mb/s

Media:LVDS_Products.pdf

I2C signals

I2C (Can travel 8 m)

Let's try system for 150 ft transmission

I2C LED tester

The led.arm program turns the led a random color if run with no arguments, or you can specify r, g, b, or a combination of those, in the first argument:

./led.arm #random
./led.arm r #red
./led.arm rg #purple

Other things that could be tested are looking at the SDA/SCL signal on the vfat cable pulled apart on the breadboard, hooking the led light up to the breakout cable breadboard, or bypassing the breakout board i2c signals to the breadboard.

Breakout box specs (preliminary)

The breakoutbox is a circuit board with no active elements that separates the I2C command signal lines from the LVDS data I/O lines. The box is designed to support 6 VFAT readout cards. The box is being designed to be mounted on the detector rotator. All 6 VFAT cards will have their signal lines go into the break out box. The I2C lines will then go our of the breakout box along an RJ45 standard ethernet cable. The LVDS lines will exit though a standard 34 pin ribbon cable(Connector type Robinson Nugent P50E-068-P1-SR1-TG).

• 6 inputs for ~1m ribbon cables from VFAT modules
• 3-bit DIP switch to select I2C address range for each VFAT
• Soft reset for each VFAT controlled via I2C expander chip
• Shared hard reset line from Gumstix
• Scan Mode switch
  • ScanIn connector (cascaded)
  • ScanOut connector (cascaded)
• RJ45 port to gumstix box containing I2C and other signals:
  • Power (3.3 or 2.5V)
  • Ground
  • SDA
  • SCL
  • Hard Reset
  • Extra line for Link detection
• 34 pin ribbon connector for LVDS signals
• LEMO connector for LVDS trigger input
• LEMO connector for LVDS Master Clock
• I2C expander(s) for status LEDs (socketed)
• Status LEDs:
  • Power (from I2C line)
  • I2C connect (flashing through I2C expand)
  • Power for each VFAT (feedback through common pins on VFAT board?)
  • Hard Reset LED
• Clear UpsetReg (SEU counter) via I2C expand

Ribbon cable pinouts

The B side of the connector is the same side as the cable polarity notch.

#	VFAT pin #	Name	Value	Test rig color Primary/Second (Bigger color/smaller color)
B1		DGND	Digital Ground	Black/Grey (shared)
A1		DVDD	+2.5V	Red/Grey (shared)
B2	168	SDA	I2C Data	Green/Yellow
A2	167	SCL	I2C Clock	Yellow/Green
B3		DGND	Digital Ground	Black/Grey (shared)
A3		DVDD	+2.5V	Red/Grey (shared)
B4	162	DACo-V	DAC output Volt	No Connection
A4	163	DACo-I	DAC output Current	No Connection
B5	164	I2C ADDR 2	I2C Address Most	White/Blue
A5	165	I2C ADDR 1	I2C Address Middle	White/Orange
B6	166	I2C ADDR 0	I2C Address Least	White/Green
A6	169	REsB	Soft Reset (Program saved)	White/Grey
B7	170	ForceRehOff	?? bond to grnd	No Connection
A7	171	REhB	Hard Reset	Grey/White
B8	173	MCLKB (-)		Orange/Purple
A8	174	MCLK (+)		Purple/Orange
B9	175	T1B (-)		Green/Purple
A9	176	T1 (+)		Purple/Green
B10	177	ScanOut		Brown/Purple
A10	178	ScanIn		Purple/Brown
B11	180	DataValidB (-)		Grey/Purple
A11	181	DavaValid (+)		Purple/Grey
B12	182	DataOutB (-)		Blue/Black
A12	183	DataOut (+)		Black/Blue
B13	184	SB8 (-)		Orange/Black
A13	185	S8 (+)		Black/Orange
B14	186	SB7 (-)		Green/Red
A14	187	S7 (+)		Red/Green
B15	188	SB6 (-)		Orange/Red
A15	189	S6 (+)		Red/Orange
B16	190	SB5 (-)		Blue/Red
A16	191	S5 (+)		Red/Blue
B17	192	SB4 (-)		Grey/Yellow
A17	193	S4 (+)		Yellow/Grey
B18	194	SB3 (-)		Brown/Yellow
A18	195	S3 (+)		Yellow/Brown
B19	196	SB2 (-)		Orange/Yellow
A19	197	S2 (+)		Yellow/Orange
B20	198	SB1 (-)		Blue/Yellow
A20	199	S1 (+)		Yellow/Blue
B21		DGND	Digital Ground	No Connection
A21		DVDD	+2.5V	No Connection
B22		DGND	Digital Ground	No Connection
A22	179	ScanEn	Scan Mode Enable	No Connection
B23		AGND	Analog Ground	No Connection
A23		AVDD	2.5V	Grey/Red
B24		AGND	Analog Ground	Grey/Black
A24		AVDD	2.5V	Grey/Red
B25		AGNDD	Analog Ground	Grey/Black
A25		AVDD	2.5V	Grey/Red

The PC board-mount socket for the cable is ERNI 154765 for reel or ERNI 063197 for tube packaging.
The cable crimp-ons are ERNI 024403 or premade cables 300mm long are ERNI 173795

DF test Pattern

DFtestpattern

The VFAT board has a default test pattern it will send to DataOut. The pattern is shown in the figure to the right. To get the pulse you need to program the board using I2C commands to turn on the DFtestPattern bit the the extended control registers. Using our bitflip function this would correspond to bit 4 at the extended control register address 134. turning it on is done using the command

echo "e 134 4 on" | flipbit.arm

on the Gumstick controller

you turn it off with the command

echo "e 134 4 off" | flipbit.arm

Gumstick I2C controller

Gumstix JLab addresses:

gemgumstix.jlab.org

MAC adresss HWaddr: 00:15:c9:0F:A5:D0

IP = 129.57.36.61

gemgumstix1.jlab.org

MAC adress HWaddr: BA:53:FD:A3:7D:D1

IP = 129.57.36.110

The gumstix motherboard used is the verdex XL6P. It has a 600MHz Marvell XScale processor, 128MB of RAM, and 32MB of flash.
More information: Gumstix

Web Interface

The I2C commands from the Gumstick to the VFAT board may be controlled through the web interface (if it is turned on)

Flipbit command interface

Once logged into the Gumstix, I2C registers on the VFAT can be modified using the flipbit interface. The flipbit.arm program takes input on standard input as shown in the following example:

echo p 41 2 on | flip bit

Field 1:

• "p" is for primary register.
• "e" is for extended register.

Field 2:

• if "p" i2c address of the register to be modified. Must be between 0 and 128 inclusive
• if "e" the value of the extended register to modify. Must be between 0 and 256 inclusive

Field 3:

• the bit (counting from 0=least significant) to modify. Must be between 0 and 7 inclusive

Field 4:

• "on" turn the bit on.
• "off" turn the bit off.
• "flip" flip the bit. (on if it was off, off if it was on)

Using standard input allows commands to be chained. The following example toggles bits 6 and 7 of address 64:

echo "p 64 7 flip p 64 6 flip" | flipbit.arm

If a # is used at the beginning of a line or after the standard arguments, the rest of the line is ignored. This is helpful when commands are stored in a file for later. Contents of an example cal.fb file:

#Turns on common calibration settings

#toggle calmode registers
p 64 6 flip #CalMode<0>
p 64 7 flip #CalMode<1>

#switch a few channels into calibration mode
e 2  7 on #channel 2
e 3  7 on #channel 3

Using that cal.fb file:

# flipbit.arm < cal.fb
Using mode p
Using address 64
Using bit 6
Using action flip

Using mode p
Using address 64
Using bit 7
Using action flip

Using mode e
Using address 2
Using bit 7
Using action on

Using mode e
Using address 3
Using bit 7
Using action on

Gumstick software

how to compile scripts (vfat.cgi, flipbit)

the flipbit program is compiled on cairo( 134.50.203.169) and then downloaded to the gumstick (http://134.50.3.175/vfat.html)

First you need to set the path on cairo

export PATH=$PATH:/home/brian/gumstix-buildroot_j/build_arm_nofpu/staging_dir/bin

Then the command below will compile my programs stored in the VFAT subdirectory.

arm-linux-g++ flipbit.cpp vfatregister.cpp vfati2c.cpp -o flipbit.arm

lsmod

check that I2C module is loaded

# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
i2c_dev                 5892  0 
i2c_pxa                 7648  0 
i2c_core               16848  2 i2c_dev,i2c_pxa
ipv6                  248416  14 
af_packet              16872  0 
ohci_hcd               19620  0 
usbcore               113340  2 ohci_hcd
pxa2xx_cs               3044  1 
pxa2xx_core            10368  1 pxa2xx_cs
pcmcia                 25064  0 
pcmcia_core            30576  2 pxa2xx_core,pcmcia
firmware_class          7520  1 pcmcia
smc91x                 16104  0 
mii                     4736  1 smc91x
gumstix_smc91x          2816  1 smc91x
unix                   22292  16 

I2C VFAT commands

reset_i2c

This will reset the I2C communications. You need to do this iff you unlpug VFATs and try to talk to them

run.arm

This will turn sleep blocking off (turn on the VFAT card)

stop.arm

This will turn sleep blocking ON (turn OFF the VFAT card). It is safe to unplug the card after this.

I/O VME modules

Struct SIS3610

V1495 FPGA

Speed tests Cable

Parts List

Parts List

Readout TIming

Let me recast your question.

The V1495 receives a trigger pulse through the G1 Lemo connector at time T=T0. The V1495 uses this pulse to generate 3 LV1A pulses and sends them to the VFAT board via connector "C" which arrive at the VFAT board at time T=T0+T1. The VFAT sees the LV1A pulse and copies 128 readout channels to SRAM2 from SRAM1. The copy happens at time T=T0+T1-T3 where T3 is the latency time programmed into the VFAT. The Latency T3 lets us label the "in time" data for readout.

The VFAT outputs data with a header that contains a field know as the Bunch crossing number (BCN) that is a 12 bit counter which increments with every clock pulse. That means it can count 4096 pulses before starting over from zero. If we run at 40 MHz (10 MHz), then this number resets to zero every 102 (409) usec. The header also has an event number which counts the LV1A trigger pulses.

If the event rate is 1 kHz (1 msec). The BCN will reset at least 102 times before we readout an event. The BCN is useful if we have multiple coincidence events within 100 microseconds of eachother. The EN (event number) will label events to synchronize the trigger events with the other ROCs for Region 2 and 3.

References

Media:VFat2_manual_10-2008.pdf

File:VFAT2 TestProcedure.pdf VFAT test procedure written by P. Aspell in 2006

Media:VFAT2_P_Aspell_9-3-07.pdf: [ http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1069906 Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, Prague, Czech Republic, 03 - 07 Sep 2007, pp.292-296] VFAT2 : A front-end system on chip providing fast trigger information, digitized data storage and formatting for the charge sensitive readout of multi-channel silicon and gas particle detectors.

Media:P_Aspell_VFATTestPlatform_9-15-08.pdf:Pauls Aspell talk at Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, Naxos, Greece, 15 - 19 Sep 2008, pp.544-548, "The VFAT Production Test Platform for the TOTEM Experiment "

Warren_Parsons_MS_Thesis

VFAT Panasonic to ERNI adapter board

An adapter board to allow a VFAT board to be used on the old 20 pin Erni connectors.