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| [[PhysicsWebPage]] | [[PhysicsWebPage]] | ||
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| + | [[Physics_Mission_Vision_Statement]] | ||
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| + | [[Physics_Policy_Repository]] | ||
| [[PhysicsThesis_Standards_Procedures]] | [[PhysicsThesis_Standards_Procedures]] | ||
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| + | [[GradOverheadDisbursement]] | ||
| [[Transition_Form_Factors]] | [[Transition_Form_Factors]] | ||
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| + | [[Photon_Activation_Analysis_Wiki]] | ||
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| + | [[Physics_UgradLabs]] | ||
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| + | [[Physics_Faculty_Meetings]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Empirically measured atomic radii== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The following table shows empirically measured '''covalent''' radii for the elements, as published by [[J. C. Slater]] in 1964.<ref name="slater64"> | ||
| + | {{cite journal | ||
| + |  |last=Slater|first=J. C. | ||
| + |  |year=1964 | ||
| + |  |title=Atomic Radii in Crystals | ||
| + |  |journal=[[Journal of Chemical Physics]] | ||
| + |  |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=3199–3205 | ||
| + |  |bibcode=1964JChPh..41.3199S | ||
| + |  |doi=10.1063/1.1725697 | ||
| + | }}</ref> The values are in [[picometers]] (pm or 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m,), with an accuracy of about 5 pm. The shade of the box ranges from red to yellow as the radius increases; gray indicates lack of data. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| wikitable WIDTH="80%" style="text-align:center" | ||
| + | | '''[[Periodic table group|Group]]''' (vertical) | ||
| + | | '''[[Alkali metal|1]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Alkaline earth metal|2]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 3 element|3]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 4 element|4]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 5 element|5]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 6 element|6]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 7 element|7]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 8 element|8]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 9 element|9]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 10 element|10]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 11 element|11]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Group 12 element|12]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Boron group|13]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Carbon group|14]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Pnictogen|15]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Chalcogen|16]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Halogen|17]]''' | ||
| + | | '''[[Noble gas|18]]''' | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Periodic table period|Period]]''' (horizontal) | ||
| + | |  colspan=19 | | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 1 element|1]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff1900" | [[Hydrogen|H]]<br/>25 | ||
| + | |  colspan=16 | | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Helium|He]]<br/> <!--was 31--> | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 2 element|2]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Lithium|Li]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff6900" | [[Beryllium|Be]]<br/>105 | ||
| + | |  colspan=10 | | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff5500" | [[Boron|B]]<br/>85 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff4600" | [[Carbon|C]]<br/>70 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff4100" | [[Nitrogen|N]]<br/>65 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff3c00" | [[Oxygen|O]]<br/>60 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff3200" | [[Fluorine|F]]<br/>50 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Neon|Ne]]<br/> <!--was 38--> | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 3 element|3]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Sodium|Na]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9600" | [[Magnesium|Mg]]<br/>150 | ||
| + | |  colspan=10 | | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff7d00" | [[Aluminium|Al]]<br/>125 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff6e00" | [[Silicon|Si]]<br/>110 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Phosphorus|P]]<br/>100 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Sulfur|S]]<br/>100 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff6400" | [[Chlorine|Cl]]<br/>100 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Argon|Ar]]<br/> <!--was 71--> | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 4 element|4]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffdc00" | [[Potassium|K]]<br/>220 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Calcium|Ca]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Scandium|Sc]]<br/>160 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Titanium|Ti]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Vanadium|V]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Chromium|Cr]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Manganese|Mn]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Iron|Fe]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Cobalt|Co]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Nickel|Ni]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Copper|Cu]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Zinc|Zn]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Gallium|Ga]]<br/>130 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff7d00" | [[Germanium|Ge]]<br/>125 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Arsenic|As]]<br/>115 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Selenium|Se]]<br/>115 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff7300" | [[Bromine|Br]]<br/>115 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Krypton|Kr]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 5 element|5]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffeb00" | [[Rubidium|Rb]]<br/>235 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffc800" | [[Strontium|Sr]]<br/>200 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Yttrium|Y]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Zirconium|Zr]]<br/>155 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Niobium|Nb]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Molybdenum|Mo]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Technetium|Tc]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8200" | [[Ruthenium|Ru]]<br/>130 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Rhodium|Rh]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Palladium|Pd]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Silver|Ag]]<br/>160 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Cadmium|Cd]]<br/>155 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Indium|In]]<br/>155 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Tin|Sn]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Antimony|Sb]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Tellurium|Te]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8c00" | [[Iodine|I]]<br/>140 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Xenon|Xe]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 6 element|6]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffff00" | [[Caesium|Cs]]<br/>260 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffd700" | [[Barium|Ba]]<br/>215 | ||
| + | |  *<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9b00" | [[Hafnium|Hf]]<br/>155 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9100" | [[Tantalum|Ta]]<br/>145 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Tungsten|W]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Rhenium|Re]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8200" | [[Osmium|Os]]<br/>130 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Iridium|Ir]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Platinum|Pt]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff8700" | [[Gold|Au]]<br/>135 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ff9600" | [[Mercury (element)|Hg]]<br/>150 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffbe00" | [[Thallium|Tl]]<br/>190 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Lead|Pb]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffa000" | [[Bismuth|Bi]]<br/>160 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffbe00" | [[Polonium|Po]]<br/>190 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Astatine|At]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Radon|Rn]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |-  align=CENTER | ||
| + | | '''[[Period 7 element|7]]''' | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Francium|Fr]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffd700" | [[Radium|Ra]]<br/>215 | ||
| + | |  **<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Rutherfordium|Rf]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Dubnium|Db]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Seaborgium|Sg]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Bohrium|Bh]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Hassium|Hs]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Meitnerium|Mt]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Darmstadtium|Ds]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Roentgenium|Rg]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Copernicium|Cn]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununtrium|Uut]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Flerovium|Fl]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununpentium|Uup]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Livermorium|Lv]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununseptium|Uus]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Ununoctium|Uuo]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |-  align=CENTER | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | |-  align=CENTER | ||
| + | |  [[Lanthanides]] | ||
| + | |  *<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffc300" | [[Lanthanum|La]]<br/>195 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Cerium|Ce]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Praseodymium|Pr]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Neodymium|Nd]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Promethium|Pm]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Samarium|Sm]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb900" | [[Europium|Eu]]<br/>185 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Gadolinium|Gd]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Terbium|Tb]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Dysprosium|Dy]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Holmium|Ho]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Erbium|Er]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Thulium|Tm]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Ytterbium|Yb]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Lutetium|Lu]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |-  align=CENTER | ||
| + | |  [[Actinides]] | ||
| + | |  **<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffc300" | [[Actinium|Ac]]<br/>195 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Thorium|Th]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffb400" | [[Protactinium|Pa]]<br/>180 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Uranium|U]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Neptunium|Np]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Plutonium|Pu]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#ffaf00" | [[Americium|Am]]<br/>175 | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Curium|Cm]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Berkelium|Bk]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Californium|Cf]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Einsteinium|Es]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Fermium|Fm]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Mendelevium|Md]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Nobelium|No]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |  bgcolor="#bbbbbb" | [[Lawrencium|Lr]]<br/>  | ||
| + | |-  align="CENTER" | ||
| + | |  colspan=20 | | ||
| + | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:17, 26 September 2018
Physics_Mission_Vision_Statement
PhysicsThesis_Standards_Procedures
Photon_Activation_Analysis_Wiki
Empirically measured atomic radii
The following table shows empirically measured covalent radii for the elements, as published by J. C. Slater in 1964.<ref name="slater64"> Template:Cite journal</ref> The values are in picometers (pm or 1×10−12 m,), with an accuracy of about 5 pm. The shade of the box ranges from red to yellow as the radius increases; gray indicates lack of data.
| Group (vertical) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| Period (horizontal) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | H 25 | He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Li 145 | Be 105 | B 85 | C 70 | N 65 | O 60 | F 50 | Ne | |||||||||||
| 3 | Na 180 | Mg 150 | Al 125 | Si 110 | P 100 | S 100 | Cl 100 | Ar | |||||||||||
| 4 | K 220 | Ca 180 | Sc 160 | Ti 140 | V 135 | Cr 140 | Mn 140 | Fe 140 | Co 135 | Ni 135 | Cu 135 | Zn 135 | Ga 130 | Ge 125 | As 115 | Se 115 | Br 115 | Kr | |
| 5 | Rb 235 | Sr 200 | Y 180 | Zr 155 | Nb 145 | Mo 145 | Tc 135 | Ru 130 | Rh 135 | Pd 140 | Ag 160 | Cd 155 | In 155 | Sn 145 | Sb 145 | Te 140 | I 140 | Xe | |
| 6 | Cs 260 | Ba 215 | * | Hf 155 | Ta 145 | W 135 | Re 135 | Os 130 | Ir 135 | Pt 135 | Au 135 | Hg 150 | Tl 190 | Pb 180 | Bi 160 | Po 190 | At | Rn | |
| 7 | Fr | Ra 215 | ** | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Uut | Fl | Uup | Lv | Uus | Uuo | |
| Lanthanides | * | La 195 | Ce 185 | Pr 185 | Nd 185 | Pm 185 | Sm 185 | Eu 185 | Gd 180 | Tb 175 | Dy 175 | Ho 175 | Er 175 | Tm 175 | Yb 175 | Lu 175 | |||
| Actinides | ** | Ac 195 | Th 180 | Pa 180 | U 175 | Np 175 | Pu 175 | Am 175 | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||