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temporal X-Ray monitoring

  • [1]
  • several X-Ray vacuum diodes (XRDs): for extreme ultraviolet (XUV) diagnostic
  • several Diamont photoconducting detectors (PCDs): for soft X-ray diagnostic < 5 - 8 kEV, resolution ~ 200 ps
  • several Si-diodes (AXUV-HS diodes): for hard X-ray diagnostic, resolution ~ 700 ps, low sensitivity
  • bunch of different energy filters
  • Tektronix TDS684B digital oscilloscope, bandwidth 2.5 GHz, sample rate of 10 GHz. $6,272[2]
  • streak camera with a step filter: slow camera ~ 100 ps, fast camera ~ 4 ps


spatial X-Ray monitoring

  • [3]
  • point-projection imaging to estimate the size of the X-Ray bright spots


spectral X-Ray monitoring

  • [4]
  • focusing spectrograph with spatial resolution (FSSR) (based on spherically bent mica crystal spectrograph)
  • convex crystal spectrograph
  • flat KAP spectrograph
  • pinhole cameras with different sets of filters
  • a camera with a 50-µm slit and a step filter set (slit step-wedge (SSW) camera)
  • To obtain time resolution, we meed fast streak camera (for example, a fast Kentech streak camera* capable of <10 ps time resolution can be used [5])


current and voltage monitoring

  • Rogowski coils
  • B-dot
  • D-dot