Difference between revisions of "TF EIM Chapt3"

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Revision as of 04:34, 15 February 2011

Semiconductor physics

There are 5 states of matter: Solid, liquid, gas, plasma (ionized gas) , and a Bose-Einstein condensate (quantum effects on a macroscopic scale).

Crystal Lattice

Semiconductor physics focuses on the solid state of matter in the form of crystals.

Crystals are formed when atoms are arranged in repeating structures called the crystal lattice. The recurrent structure which forms the crystal lattice is referred to a a cell.

Some popular cell names are


TF EIM SimpleCubic.jpeg TF EIM BodyCentereCubic.jpeg TF EIM FaceCentereCubic.jpeg
(SC) Simple Cubic (BCC) Body Centered Cubic (FCC) Face Centered Cubic

There are 14 different Bravais lattice configurations

Crystal System Lattice type
Cubic Simple, Face Centered, Body Centered
Tetragonal Simple, Body Centered
Orthorhombic Simple, Face Centered, Body Centered, End Centered
Monoclinic Simple, End Centered
Rhombohedral Simple
Triclinic Simple
Hexagonal Simple

Most Semiconductors are made from Silicon and GaAs.


Silicon is a Face Centered Cubic cell

Silicon is an insulator if in pure form with 4 weakly bound (valence) electrons. if you replace silicon atoms in the lattice with atoms that have either 3 valance or 5 valence electrons your can create sites with either a deficient number of electrons (a missing bond) or extra electrons (complete bond with a free electron) By Doping silicon you can create sites with extra electrons (n-type) or sites with a deficient number of electrons (vacancies or holes ) (P-type)


TF EIM SiliconLattice np junction.jpg




Forest_Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurement