https://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&feed=atom&action=historyJLAB Positron Source DOE Award DE-SC0002600 - Revision history2024-03-28T15:32:23ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.2https://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88543&oldid=prevForetony: /* Final Report */2013-10-04T20:35:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Final Report</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Final Report=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Final Report=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Positron2013_FinalReport.pdf]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>DOE Award #: DE-SC0002600</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>DOE Award #: DE-SC0002600</div></td></tr>
</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88512&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Production Performance */2013-10-03T16:45:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Production Performance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Positron Detection====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Positron Detection====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>NaI crystals, shown as in the Fig.~\ref{fig:PMT}, were used to detect 511~keV photons emmited by positron annihilating in the target T2. Originally, the detector's output pulse length was around 400~$\mu$s. New PMT bases were constructed to shorten the time of this response to less than 1~$\mu$s. The NaI detector's PMT base was also altered <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </del>to include both a dynode and an anode output. The crystal attached to these PMTs is a SAINT-GOBAIN CRYSTAL \& DETECTORS (MOD. 3M3/3) NaI crystal with a dimension of $3"\times3"$. The PMT base HV was set to approximately 1150~V. The anode output pulse was summed over a time interval of 2 $\mu$s by a CAEN V792 ADC. The NaI detectors were calibrated using a Na-22 and a Co-60 sources with photon peaks indicated in the Table~\ref{tab:Na22_Co60}. The Fig.~\ref{fig:NaI_Co60_Scope} is the oscilloscope image of Co-60 photon pulses incident on the detector with new PMT. The calibrated NaI detector spectrum of Na-22 and Co-60 sources are shown in the Fig.~\ref{fig:NaI-Calb}. The NaI measurement of the Na-22 511 keV photons has a sigma of about 18 keV.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>NaI crystals, shown as in the Fig.~\ref{fig:PMT}, were used to detect 511~keV photons emmited by positron annihilating in the target T2. Originally, the detector's output pulse length was around 400~$\mu$s. New PMT bases were constructed to shorten the time of this response to less than 1~$\mu$s. The NaI detector's PMT base was also altered to include both a dynode and an anode output. The crystal attached to these PMTs is a SAINT-GOBAIN CRYSTAL \& DETECTORS (MOD. 3M3/3) NaI crystal with a dimension of $3"\times3"$. The PMT base HV was set to approximately 1150~V. The anode output pulse was summed over a time interval of 2 $\mu$s by a CAEN V792 ADC. The NaI detectors were calibrated using a Na-22 and a Co-60 sources with photon peaks indicated in the Table~\ref{tab:Na22_Co60}. The Fig.~\ref{fig:NaI_Co60_Scope} is the oscilloscope image of Co-60 photon pulses incident on the detector with new PMT. The calibrated NaI detector spectrum of Na-22 and Co-60 sources are shown in the Fig.~\ref{fig:NaI-Calb}. The NaI measurement of the Na-22 511 keV photons has a sigma of about 18 keV.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88511&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Production Performance */2013-10-03T16:44:04Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Production Performance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Positron Production Performance===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Positron Production Performance===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The final year of this work was dedicated to measuring the performance of this linac based positron source. Two NaI detectors were calibrated and installed into the experimental side of the HRRL along with several layers of lead shielding to minimize photon contamination. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> An example of the photon spectrum observed when calibrating the detectors using a Na-22 and a Co-60 source source is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:NaICal}. </del>The performance measurements first focused on establishing the veracity that the detected photons were from positrons annihilating in target T2 by using a permanent magnet to deflect positrons on the accelerator side and then by removing the annihilation target T2. The energy distribution of the the positrons produced using a 10 MeV electron beam was also measured. The results were compared with a simulation of the beam line to reconcile the observed beam loss.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The final year of this work was dedicated to measuring the performance of this linac based positron source. Two NaI detectors were calibrated and installed into the experimental side of the HRRL along with several layers of lead shielding to minimize photon contamination. The performance measurements first focused on establishing the veracity that the detected photons were from positrons annihilating in target T2 by using a permanent magnet to deflect positrons on the accelerator side and then by removing the annihilation target T2. The energy distribution of the the positrons produced using a 10 MeV electron beam was also measured. The results were compared with a simulation of the beam line to reconcile the observed beam loss.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88319&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-26T15:25:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 19 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>simulation <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">predicts that you would produce a signal </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the NaI detector for every billion positrons produced at T1. The large amount of beam loss can explain the low positron production efficiency we observed</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 19 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A comparison of the measurements with a beam line </ins>simulation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appears </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88314&oldid=prevSetisadi: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T22:49:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">60 </del>\muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. The simulation predicts that you would produce a signal in the NaI detector for every billion positrons produced at T1. The large amount of beam loss can explain the low positron production efficiency we observed.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">19 </ins>\muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. The simulation predicts that you would produce a signal in the NaI detector for every billion positrons produced at T1. The large amount of beam loss can explain the low positron production efficiency we observed.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Setisadihttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88311&oldid=prevSetisadi: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T22:42:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:42, 25 September 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l180" >Line 180:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 180:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The NaI detectors were installed in the shielded experimental cell as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:app-hrrl-line}. The annihilation target, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:AnnihilationTarget}, intercepted the positron beam causing some of the positrons to annihilate and emit the back-to-back 511 keV photons that characterize the annihilation. Figure~\ref{fig:511peak} represents the photon energy observed by the NaI detectors for three cases. First, a peak in the photon energy spectrum was observed which had an energy consistent with the expected 511 keV annihilation energy. Second, a permanent magnet deflecting positrons on the accelerator side of the experiment caused the previously observed 511 keV peak to diminish substantially. The 511 keV signal was also drastically reduced when the annihilation target T2 is removed from the beam line. We argue, based on these results, that the observed signal is predominantly caused by positrons annihilating in the target with very little signal from positrons that are produced by photon pair creation within T2.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The NaI detectors were installed in the shielded experimental cell as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:app-hrrl-line}. The annihilation target, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:AnnihilationTarget}, intercepted the positron beam causing some of the positrons to annihilate and emit the back-to-back 511 keV photons that characterize the annihilation. Figure~\ref{fig:511peak} represents the photon energy observed by the NaI detectors for three cases. First, a peak in the photon energy spectrum was observed which had an energy consistent with the expected 511 keV annihilation energy. Second, a permanent magnet deflecting positrons on the accelerator side of the experiment <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cell </ins>caused the previously observed 511 keV peak to diminish substantially. The 511 keV signal was also drastically reduced when the annihilation target T2 is removed from the beam line. We argue, based on these results, that the observed signal is predominantly caused by positrons annihilating in the target with very little signal from positrons that are produced by photon pair creation within T2.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Setisadihttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88310&oldid=prevSetisadi: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T22:39:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:39, 25 September 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l180" >Line 180:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The NaI detectors were installed in the shielded experimental cell as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:app-hrrl-line}. The annihilation target, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:AnnihilationTarget}, intercepted the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positrons </del>beam causing some of the positrons to annihilate and emit the back-to-back 511 keV photons that characterize the annihilation. Figure~\ref{fig:511peak} represents the photon energy observed by the NaI detectors for three cases. First, a peak in the photon energy spectrum was observed which had an energy consistent with the expected 511 keV annihilation energy. Second, a permanent magnet deflecting <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>positrons on the accelerator side of the experiment caused the previously observed 511 keV peak to diminish substantially. The 511 keV signal was also drastically reduced when the annihilation target T2 is removed from the beam line. We argue, based on these results, that the observed signal is predominantly caused by positrons annihilating in the target with very little signal from positrons that are produced by photon pair creation within T2.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The NaI detectors were installed in the shielded experimental cell as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:app-hrrl-line}. The annihilation target, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:AnnihilationTarget}, intercepted the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positron </ins>beam causing some of the positrons to annihilate and emit the back-to-back 511 keV photons that characterize the annihilation. Figure~\ref{fig:511peak} represents the photon energy observed by the NaI detectors for three cases. First, a peak in the photon energy spectrum was observed which had an energy consistent with the expected 511 keV annihilation energy. Second, a permanent magnet deflecting positrons on the accelerator side of the experiment caused the previously observed 511 keV peak to diminish substantially. The 511 keV signal was also drastically reduced when the annihilation target T2 is removed from the beam line. We argue, based on these results, that the observed signal is predominantly caused by positrons annihilating in the target with very little signal from positrons that are produced by photon pair creation within T2.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>Setisadihttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88286&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T17:04:50Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:04, 25 September 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l195" >Line 195:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 60 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. The simulation predicts that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">about 10^9 </del>positrons</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 60 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. The simulation predicts that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">you would produce a signal in the NaI detector for every billion </ins>positrons <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">produced at T1. The large amount of beam loss can explain the low positron production efficiency we observed.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88285&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T17:01:30Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:01, 25 September 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l195" >Line 195:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 60 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 60 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> The simulation predicts that about 10^9 positrons</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positron rate</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><math> e^+_{rate} = 0.259 \pm 0.016 ~ Hz</math></del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sadiq_Thesis_Figs_5p1</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">png | 400 px]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sadiq_Thesis_Figs_3p11</ins>.png | <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">200 </ins>px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sadiq_Thesis_Figs_5p1</del>.png | <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">400 </del>px]]</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Things not accomplished====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Things not accomplished====</div></td></tr>
</table>Foretonyhttps://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php?title=JLAB_Positron_Source_DOE_Award_DE-SC0002600&diff=88277&oldid=prevForetony: /* Positron Detection */2013-09-25T16:07:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Positron Detection</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:07, 25 September 2013</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Figure~\ref{fig:511Coinc} represents the positron production rates observed when the characteristic 511 keV photons are measured by both NaI detector in coincidence. Also shown is the rate observed when the annihilation target (T2) is removed from the beam line, indicating an accidental coincidence rate that is negligible. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This measurement indicates a that a positron per second was produced using a 60 \muA electron current. The energy dependence of the positron production efficiency was measured by changing the current on dipoles D1 and D2 and is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:e+e-eff}. A simulation was used to estimate the beam loss experienced when transporting positrons from the production target T1. </ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Foretony