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to remove non-empty directory
- rm -rf <directory name>
 
to check hard drive partition:
- fdisk -l
 - parted /dev/sda print
 
available memory in megabytes
- free -m
 
- convert -density 300 aluminum-44MeV.pdf aluminum-44MeV.png
 
Create CD-ROM ISO image with dd command:
- dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/tmp/cdimg1.iso
 
Check Shell Type Currently Use
- echo $SHELL
 - /bin/bash --version
 
To untar file
- tar -xvf geant4.8.0.p01.tar
 - tar -zxvf geant4.8.0.p01.tar.gz
 - tar -zxvf geant4.8.0.p01.tgz