Checking on the sign from the cosine results for [math]\phi '_2[/math]
We have the limiting range that [math]\phi[/math] must fall within:
[math]-\pi \le \phi '_2 \le \pi\ Radians[/math]
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Examining the signs of the components which make up the angle [math]\phi[/math] in the 4 quadrants which make up the xy plane:
[math]For\ 0 \ge \phi '_2 \ge \frac{-\pi}{2}\ Radians[/math]
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px=POSITIVE
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py=NEGATIVE
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[math]For\ 0 \le \phi '_2 \le \frac{\pi}{2}\ Radians[/math]
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px=POSITIVE
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py=POSITIVE
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[math]For\ \frac{-\pi}{2} \ge \phi '_2 \ge -\pi\ Radians[/math]
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px=NEGATIVE
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py=NEGATIVE
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[math]For\ \frac{\pi}{2} \le \phi '_2 \le \pi\ Radians[/math]
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px=NEGATIVE
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py=POSITIVE
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