Tamar Electron and Pion Efficiency
Electron-Pion separation
The requirements of the measured particles attributes that are used to differentiate electrons from negative pions is described below. Separating a negatively charged pion from an electron becomes more difficult when a negative pion has sufficient energy to generate cerenkov radiation and as a result may be misidentified as an electron. This contamination of the electron sample is reduced using cuts on the energy deposited in the electromagnetic calorimeter and the number of photoelectrons in the Cherenkov counter.
The energy deposited in the calorimeter for electrons and pions is different. Pions are minimum ionizing charged particles when their momentum is above ~ 0.8 GeV and therefore the energy they deposit in the calorimeter is momentum independent. On the other hand, electrons produce photoelectrons and generate an electromagnetic shower releasing energy into the calorimeter that is proportional to their momentum. The following cut is introduced to take advantage of this feature:
Figure 1.1. The energy deposition into the total and inner calorimeter before and after cuts.
In addition to the cut on the energy deposited into the electromagnetic calorimeter, misidentified electrons are reduced by requiring a signal in the threshold CLAS Cherenkov detector. Pion's misidentified as electrons have been shown to produce around ~1.5 photoelectons (PEs) in the Cherenkov detector, as shown below. Geometrical cuts on the location of the particle at the entrance to the Cerenkov detector were applied to reduce the pion contamination. The second histogram below shows that, after these cuts, the peak around 1.5 PEs is substantially reduced.
No cuts | OSI Cuts |
Figure 1.2. The number of photoelectrons before and after cuts.
Exclusive Pi+ production using NH3
A comparison was made with the results from experiment E99-107 <ref name="Park2008" >Park, K., Burkert, V. D., & Kim, W. (The CLAS Collaboration) Phys. Rev., C77, 015208.</ref> as one benchmark to evaluate the integrity of this semi-inclusive analysis. Experiment E99-107 measured exclusive pion production (
-> ) using a liquid hydrogen target and the CLAS. The EG1 experiment performed similar measurements using a polarized NH3 target allowing for an asymmetry measurement in addition to the differential cross-section in the nucleon resonance region for . In the EG1 experiment polarized target and a 5.7 GeV continuous electron beam resulted in a luminosity of .The kinematics of single pion electroproduction can be described by five variables: the virtual photon negative four-momentum transfered squared
The five-fold differential cross section can be written in the following way for a single pion electroproduction:
where
Because of wide range of kinematics,
![]() Figure 2.2. vs Relative rate for fixed and <ref name="Park2008" > Bogus text</ref> <ref> http://clasweb.jlab.org/cgi-bin/clasdb/msm.cgi?eid=14&mid=16&data=on </ref> |
The EG1b data for kinematics chosen above show the same shape as E99-107 data.
Inclusive Efficiency
The goal of this thesis is to measure the semi-inclusive asymmetry when an electron and a pion are detected in the final state. This asymmetry may be written in terms of ratios of charged pion electro-production cross sections from proton and neutron targets sorted according to the orientation of the incident electron helicity with respect to the target's polarization. Pions of opposite charge will be observed using the same scintillator by flipping the CLAS Torus magnetic field direction. Although the pions will be detected by the same detector elements, the electrons will intersect different detector elements. As a result, the electron efficiency will need to be evaluated in terms of the electron rate observed in two different scintillator paddles detecting the same electron kinematics. The two scintillator paddles are chosen for inbending and outbending cases.
The goal of this paper is to compare measured single pion electroproduction efficiency to the unitary model MAID 2007 that has been developed to analyze the world data of pion photo and electroproduction. The model is well adopted for predictions of the observables for pion production, like five fold cross section, total cross secton and etc.
The MAID 2007 model has predictions of the total cross section for the following two cases, that are related to our work:
The electron efficiency of individual scintillator detectors using the 4.2 GeV data for ND3 and NH3 targets is described below. In the final state, only electron detection was required(inclusive case). The contamination in the electron sample was removed by applying cuts described in the first chapter. The electron paddle number 10 (B<0) and 5 (B>0) were chosen respectively because they contained the most electron events in a first pass semi-inclusive pion analysis of the data set. The electron kinematics(Momentum, scattering angle and invariant mass) for these scintillators is shown on Fig. 3.1.
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Electron Momentum((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0)) | Electron Scattering Angle | ((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0))W Invariant mass((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0)) |
Figure 3.1. Electron Kinematics(The histograms presented above are not normalized by faraday cup. We just want to show the kinematic range for chosen electron events).
To be able to compare our results to the MAID 2007, the ratio of the number of electrons were taken for different types of target for inbending and outbending cases. The ratios are following and the are normalized by faraday cup count:
In order to make detector efficiency the same for electrons, the ratios need to be adjusted so that it equals to one. Each of the two cases are multiplied by so called "correction coefficient".
The electron efficiency of individual scintillator detectors using the 4.2 GeV data for ND3 and NH3 targets is described below. In the final state, only electron detection was required(inclusive case). The contamination in the electron sample was removed by applying cuts described in the first chapter. The electron paddle number 10 (B<0) and 5 (B>0) were chosen respectively because they contained the most electron events in a first pass semi-inclusive pion analysis of the data set. The electron kinematics(Momentum, scattering angle and invariant mass) for these scintillators is shown on Fig. 3.1.
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Electron Momentum((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0)) | Electron Scattering Angle | ((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0))W Invariant mass((NH3,B>0), (NH3,B<0), (ND3,B>0) && (ND3,B<0)) |
Figure 3.1. Electron Kinematics.
The goal of this thesis is to measure the semi-inclusive asymmetry when an electron and one pion are detected in the final state. This asymmetry may be written in terms of ratios of charged pion production cross sections from proton and neutron targets sorted according to the orientation of the incident electron helicity with respect to the target's polarization. Pions of opposite charge will be observed using the same scintillator by flipping the CLAS Torus magnetic field direction. Although the pions will be detected by the same detector elements, the electrons will intersect different detector elements. As a result, the electron efficiency will need to be evaluated in terms of the electron rate observed in two different scintillators detecting the same electron kinematics. The two scintillators are defined according to the polarity of the CLAS torus.
The ratio of the number of electrons weighted by the faraday cup for two different cases are following:
The ratios were taken for different types of target, so that we could compare the results to MAID 2007 Model. In order to make detector efficiency the same for two different cases (ND3,B>0 && NH3,B<0) and (ND3,B<0 && NH3,B>0), the ratios have been adjusted so that it equals to one. Each of the two cases are multiplied by so called, "correction coefficient". The coefficient for the case
is and for the it is .
In this chapter we discuss the pion efficiency in semi-inclusive case. The ratio of the pions detected in the scintillator paddles, located between the Cherenkov counter and electromagnetic calorimeter, is shown on Fig. 4.1. The ratios were taken for four different cases. Assuming that, for the inbending case positive pions and for the outbending case have the same trajectories(the same kinematics) and vice versa((the inbending,negative pion) and (the outbending, positive pions)).
Figure 4.1. Pion paddle number vs Ratio.
We used MAID 2007 model to compare our results. Total cross section was calculated for the following invariant mass and four momentum transferred square: http://wwwkph.kph.uni-mainz.de/MAID//maid2007/maid2007.html</ref>. After applying correction coefficients from inclusive cases, the ratios have been compared to the results from MAID2007.
and . <ref name="MAID2007" >After applying correction coefficients from inclusive cases, the ratios have been compared to the results from MAID2007.
Figure 4.2. Pion paddle number vs Ratio after correction.
Applied corrections are following:
Notes
<references/>
Media:NH3positivepionMAID.pdfMedia:ND3negativepionMAID.pdf
Nomenclature
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .
- ) - Number of events in which and electron are detected in the final state using target, when .