Ni-08-22-13
Nickel foils were placed in front of and behind the Au+Sand, the blank crucible, and the gold foil. Nickel foils were also place in front of and behind the crucible with the Barium Oxide.
lines are observed near, 238, 511, 578, 604, 903, 1264, 1362 keV
Naturally occurring Isotopes of Nickel are
Ni-58 ( 68.077% ) Ni-60 ( 26.223% ) Ni-61 ( 1.140% ) Ni-62 ( 3.634% ) Ni-64 ( 0.926% )
Neutron knockout
Ni-58 ->Ni-57 has the following lines in order of decreasing intensity: 511, 1377, 127 , 1919 half life = 35.6 hours
Ni-60 -> Ni-59 : no high intensity lines above 100 keV, half life 7e4 years
Proton knockout
Ni-58-> Co-57 : 122,136, half life 271.74 days
N-P knockout
Ni-58->Co-56 :847, 1238, 511, 2599, 1771, 1038, half life = 77 days
Extracting Photon flux using Nickel Foil
The two reactions below can be used to extrapolate the photon flux
Since the two neutron knockout reaction requires a higher photon energy one may be able to estimate the bremmsstrahlung distribution by requiring that the ratio of the integral for photon energies allowing single neutron knockout to the integral for two neutron knockout match the observed counting rate that has included cross -section
Energy needed to liberate a neutron from the Nucleus
Neutron Separation Energy=