TF EIMLab3 Writeup

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RC Low-pass filter

1-50 kHz filter (20 pnts)

1.)Design a low-pass RC filter with a break point between 1-50 kHz. The break point is the frequency at which the filter starts to attenuate the AC signal. For a Low pass filter, AC signals with a frequency above 1-50 kHz will start to be attenuated (not passed).

ωbreak=1RC
R=1ωbreakC=125×103×9.45×109=4,233Ω
R C ωB νB
Ohms Farads rad/s Hz
1×105 561×1012 17825 2837
96.4×103 561×1012 18490 2943
10.5 1.25×106 76190 12126
31.3 10.3×106 3102 494
2.058×105 7.73×1010 6310 1004


2.)Now construct the circuit using a non-polar capacitor. 3.)use a sinusoidal variable frequency oscillator to provide an input voltage to your filter. 4.)Measure the input (Vin) and output (Vout) voltages for at least 8 different frequencies(ν) which span the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.

ν Vin Vout VoutVin
Hz Volts Volts
50 0.6 0.3
100 0.5 0.18
250 0.5 0.075
500 0.45 0.04
1000 0.4 0.017
2500 0.28 0.005
5056 0.16 0.005
  1. Graph the log(VoutVin) -vs- log(ν)


TF EIM Lab3.png

phase shift (10 pnts)

  1. measure the phase shift between Vin and Vout

Questions

1.)compare the theoretical and experimentally measured break frequencies. (5 pnts)

ωbreak=1RC=1400×103×9.45×109==2.6×102

Theory Exp %diff

2.) Calculate and expression for VoutVin as a function of ν, R, and C. The Gain is defined as the ratio of Vout to Vin.(5 pnts)


VIRXCI==V(XR+XC)I=0

the capacitor can be added in series with the other resistor
Xtot=XR+XC

It looks like the voltage divider from the resistance section

Vout=Re[XCR+XCVin]=Re[XCXR+XCVin]

To evaluate Re[Z]=ZZ whereZ=x+iy and Z=xiy


VoutVin=Re[1iωCR+1iωC]=1iωCR+1iωC1iωCR+1iωC=11+ω2R2C2

Let

ωb=1RC= break point (cut off ) frequency

then

VoutVin=11+(ωωb)2

3.)Sketch the phasor diagram for Vin,Vout, VR, and VC. Put the current i along the real voltage axis. (30 pnts) 4.)Compare the theoretical and experimental value for the phase shift θ. (5 pnts) 5.) what is the phase shift θ for a DC input and a very-high frequency input?(5 pnts) 6.) calculate and expression for the phase shift θ as a function of ν, R, C and graph θ -vs ν. (20 pnts)


Forest_Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurement