HRRL radiation footprint simulations
Design a simulation to determine radiation footprint in HRRL cell.
1.) The ceiling is 4 feet thick
2.) there is PB shiedling between the HRRL accelerator room and the accelerator operator station
3.) the dirt is about 10 feet thick on the wall side where the accelerator is going to be mounted
4.) determine shielding wall thickness for HRRL cavity to reduce dose out the door
5.) Determine shielding for Tungsten converter
Drawing
Get a drawing from facilities documenting the shielding in that cell with dimensions
Denton Dance: x4710, may be able to provide drawings. B119 Beam Lab
Material Definitions
Concrete
Concrete has 6 elements and a density of 2.7 g/cm^3
Element | Atomic Weight (A) | Atomic Number (Z) | Proportion by Weight |
1 | 1.0079 | 1. | 0.004 |
2 | 15.9994 | 8. | 0.509 |
3 | 26.981539 | 13 | 0.034 |
4 | 28.0855 | 14. | 0.345 |
5 | 40.078 | 20 | 0.070 |
6 | 55.8474 | 26. | 0.038 |
GEANT4 code
a = 1.0079*g/mole; G4Element* elH = new G4Element(name="Hydrogen",symbol="H" , z= 1., a); a = 15.9994*g/mole; G4Element* elO = new G4Element(name="Oxygen" ,symbol="O" , z= 8., a); a = 26.981539*g/mole; G4Element* elAl = new G4Element(name="Aluminum",symbol="Al" , z= 13., a); a = 28.0855*g/mole; G4Element* elSi = new G4Element(name="Silicon",symbol="Si" , z= 14., a); a = 40.078*g/mole; G4Element* elCa = new G4Element(name="Calcium",symbol="Ca" , z= 20., a); a = 55.8474*g/mole; G4Element* elNi = new G4Element(name="Iron",symbol="Fe" , z= 26., a); density =2.7*g/cm3; G4Material* Concrete = new G4Material(name="Concrete ",density,ncomponents=6); Concrete->AddElement(elH, fractionmass=0.4*perCent); Concrete->AddElement(elO, fractionmass=50.9*perCent); Concrete->AddElement(elAl, fractionmass=3.4*perCent); Concrete->AddElement(elSi, fractionmass=34.5*perCent); Concrete->AddElement(elCa, fractionmass=7.0*perCent); Concrete->AddElement(elNi, fractionmass=3.8*perCent);
Relative Rates
The first step in the simulation will be to compare relative radiation rates at the exit of the accelerator room. The radiation exiting the accelerator room before and after moving the accelerator will be simulated. Although all particles can be tracked we will mostly be interested in gamma and neutron fluxes through the door. The ratio of before/after moving fluxes for gamma and neutron should be plotted as a function of energy.
Geometry
[HRRL room dimension measured by Jason Swanson]
HRRL Geom by Sadiq
what is the thicknes of the walls below.
No dirt inside walls.
Wall Number 3, 4 and 5 are 1 feet thick.
Ceiling is 5 feet thick. Above that is 1st floor metal structure.
GEANT4 Simulation Setup
HRRL Room Top view
Wall is not real wall. Its material is air, this wall is just used as detector to detect particles and photons.
HRRL Room 45 Degree View
HRRL Room Side view
HRRL Electron Source and Tungsten Target 45 Degree View
HRRL Electron Source and Tungsten Target Top View
HRRL New Electron Source
Geant4 Codes
GPS e- Source
/gps/particle e-
/gps/energy 10. MeV
/gps/pos/type Plane
/gps/pos/shape Circle
/gps/pos/radius 0.6 cm
/gps/pos/sigma_r 3 mm
/gps/pos/sigma_x 3 mm
/gps/pos/sigma_y 3 mm
Old Position, -Z direction:
/gps/pos/centre 380 101.6 -93.68 cm
New Postion, X direction:
/gps/pos/centre 66.5 101.6 93.93 cm
/gps/direction 1 0 0
Physics List
10 MeV Gamma hit 2 meter D2O target to show neutron from disintegrated deuterium.
Yellow: neutron
Red: electron
Gray: gamma
It is better to show the tracking output in order to see the physics process and particles created.
Dectector Construction
File:Detector Construction.txt
Electron and photon interactions with the target and the walls
Electron in Target
********************************************************************************************************* * G4Track Information: Particle = e-, Track ID = 8, Parent ID = 2 ********************************************************************************************************* #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 1 1.66401 m 1.01473 m 93.5217 cm 0 eV 147.944 keV29.1396 um 29.1396 um Target eIoni
Electron go into Wall3
********************************************************************************************************* * G4Track Information: Particle = e-, Track ID = 1, Parent ID = 0 ********************************************************************************************************* #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 1 1.64085 m 1.03791 m 93.998 cm 9.76788 MeV198.526 keV97.4316 cm 97.4316 cm World eIoni #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 2 1.67863 m 1.03716 m 93.7509 cm 9.73665 MeV7.70861 keV3.7869 cm 1.01218 m World eIoni #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 3 2.38158 m 1.04721 m 88.1765 cm 9.53633 MeV 137.3 keV70.5761 cm 1.71795 m World eIoni #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 4 4.8856 m 1.06243 m 1.22615 m 9.04023 MeV496.099 keV2.5446 m 4.26254 m World Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 5 5.194 m 1.034 m 1.28563 m 8.91744 MeV122.789 keV31.6299 cm 4.57884 m Wall3 Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 6 7.5 m 95.4945 cm 1.63263 m 8.49278 MeV424.668 keV2.34972 m 6.92856 m OutOfWorld Transportation
Gamma go into Wall3
********************************************************************************************************* * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 3, Parent ID = 1 ********************************************************************************************************* #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 1 4.8856 m 98.0398 cm 24.6372 cm 78.0395 keV 0 eV 3.08802 m 3.08802 m World Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 2 5.194 m 97.6205 cm 17.6225 cm 78.0395 keV 0 eV 31.6305 cm 3.40432 m Wall3 Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 3 5.97662 m 96.5562 cm -1.78528 mm 0 eV 403 eV 80.2682 cm 4.207 m World phot
Gamma go into Wall4
********************************************************************************************************* * G4Track Information: Particle = gamma, Track ID = 2, Parent ID = 1 ********************************************************************************************************* #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 1 2.98112 m 1.42043 m 1.8796 m 92.4831 keV 0 eV 1.72044 m 1.72044 m World Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 2 3.42618 m 1.53616 m 2.1844 m 92.4831 keV 0 eV 55.1695 cm 2.27214 m Wall4 Transportation #Step# X Y Z KineE dEStep StepLeng TrakLeng Volume Process 3 7.5 m 2.59551 m 4.97442 m 92.4831 keV 0 eV 5.05 m 7.32214 m OutOfWorld Transportation
Radiation Ratio estimate for Wall 8 2/25/10
A GEANT4 simulation was used to compare the radiation footprint of the HRRL before and after its relocation. The ratio of radiation incident at the exit of the accelerator room (identified as Wall #8 in the pictures below) was estimated by tracking electrons, photons, and neutrons.
The red line in the figure below indicates the interaction point of an electron from the HRRL accelerator with a Tungsten radiator used to convert the incident electron into e+e- pairs. The proposed location for the HRRL is to move it just below wall #6 and in front of the "Z" axis label..
The drawing below identifies the location of Wall #8. Wall 8 is composed of air, this wall is just used as detector to detect particles and photons.
Number of particles
Simulation results by number of particles for 10 million run.
Particle | Numbers at Old Position [1] | Numbers at New Position [2] | Ration (new:old) |
e- | 697728 | 2397851 | 3.43665583 |
gamma | 375260 | 779381 | 0.481484665 |
G4 code for registering particles in wall8. Daughter particles are also registered as long as they are in wall8.
if( fTrack->GetVolume()->GetName() =="Wall8" && (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==22 ||fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==11 ||fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==2212 ||fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==2112 )) { if (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==22 ) //if gamma { ig++; outfile << ig << " 22 " <<fTrack->GetKineticEnergy() << " " << fTrack->GetPosition().x()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().y()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().z()<< " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().x() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().y() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().z() << " "<< G4endl;} if (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==11 ) //if e- {ie++; outfile << ie << " 11 " <<fTrack->GetKineticEnergy() << " " << fTrack->GetPosition().x()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().y()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().z()<< " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().x() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().y() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().z() << " "<< G4endl;} if (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==2212 ) //if proton {ip++; outfile << ip << " 2212 " <<fTrack->GetKineticEnergy() << " " << fTrack->GetPosition().x()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().y()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().z()<< " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().x() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().y() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().z() << " "<< G4endl;} if (fTrack->GetDefinition()->GetPDGEncoding()==2112 ) //if neutron {in++; outfile << in << " 2112 " <<fTrack->GetKineticEnergy() << " " << fTrack->GetPosition().x()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().y()<< " " << fTrack->GetPosition().z()<< " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().x() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().y() << " " << fTrack->GetMomentum().z() << " "<< G4endl;} }
Energy profile
The figures below illustrate the energy spectrum of radiation entering wall #8 (described above) as predicted by a GEANT4 simulation of the HRRL accelerator room.
Old Position
Electron
Kinetic energy (Ek) in the unit of MeV below
Position x in the unit of mm below
Position y
Position z
Ek vs x
Ek vs y
Ek vs z
x vs y
y vs z
z vs x
Ek(x>-915mm)
Ek(2133.5mm<x<-915mm)
Ek(x<2133.5mm)
Photon
Kinetic energy (Ek) in the unit of MeV below
Position x in the unit of mm below
Position y
Position z
Ek vs x
Ek vs y
Ek vs z
x vs y
y vs z
z vs x
Ek(x>-915mm)
Ek(2133.5mm<x<-915mm)
Ek(x<2133.5mm)
Neutron
Ek vs x
Proton
No proton was seen.
New Position
Electron
Kinetic energy (Ek) in the unit of MeV below
Position x in the unit of mm below
Position y
Position z
Ek vs x
Ek vs y
Ek vs z
x vs y
y vs z
z vs x
Ek(x>-915mm)
Ek(2133.5mm<x<-915mm)
Ek(x<2133.5mm)
Photon
Kinetic energy (Ek) in the unit of MeV below
Position x in the unit of mm below
Position y
Position z
Ek vs x
Ek vs y
Ek vs z
x vs y
y vs z
z vs x
Ek(x>-915mm)
Ek(2133.5mm<x<-915mm)
Ek(x<2133.5mm)
Neutron
Ek vs x
Proton
No proton was seen.
ROOT commands
The command below will create a program skeleton which you can use to parse the data
hredtest->MakeClass(); .L hredtest.C hredtest t; t.Loop(); Sad2->Draw("Colz");
HRRL Radiation Simulations with Thin Detectors
Detectors are created in GEANT4, Detector dz and dx.
Detector dz: a thin detector in z direction (with thickness dz=1 mircron), and same dimension in xy plane with wall8. It gives xy-plane view of radiation.
Detector dx: a thin detector in x direction (with thickness dx=1 mircron), and same dimension in yz plane with wall8. It gives yz-plane view of radiation.
Origin of the coordinate system is moved to new position, shown as in figure below.
Electron and Photon Mixed
New Position
xy-plane view
yz-plane view
Old Position
xy-plane view
yz-plane view
Energy Profile Comparison between Old and New Positions
New position:red color.
Old position:blue color.
Photon
Photon: xy-plane view
These are the photons coming through the opening? Yes, these 2 detectors are very thin (1 micron thick). One is thin on z direction, gives xy-plane view, at the operator side of wall8. Another one is thin on x direction, gives yz-plane view, at the accelerator side of the room.
These are the photons coming through the wall?
Photon: yz-plane view
Electron
Electron: xy-plane view
Electron: yz-plane view
Energy/incident electron
For each graph determine the total energy deposited per incident electron for the two configurations then take the ratio.
New Position
Electron gun fired 10 million times, and the electron beam energy is 10 MeV.
xy-view:
Total Photon Energy (if(evt.ID==22) Ek_g_t +=evt.Ek;) = 79020.5; Energy deposited per electron is: 79020.5 / 10 000 000 = 0.00790205 MeV/Electron;
Total Electron Energy (if(evt.ID==11) Ek_e_t +=evt.Ek;) = 102820; Energy deposited per electron is: 102820 / 10 000 000 = 0.0102820 MeV/Electron;
yz-view:
Total Photon Energy (if(evt.ID==22) Ek_g_t +=evt.Ek;) = 332712; Energy deposited per electron is: 332712 / 10 000 000 = 0.0332712 MeV/Electron;
Total Electron Energy (if(evt.ID==11) Ek_e_t +=evt.Ek;) = 232201; Energy deposited per electron is: 232201 / 10 000 000 = 0.0232201 MeV/Electron;
Old Position
Electron gun fired 10 million times, and the electron beam energy is 10 MeV.
xy-view:
Total Photon Energy (if(evt.ID==22) Ek_g_t +=evt.Ek;) = 12397.2; Energy deposited per electron is: 12397.2 / 10 000 000 = 0.00123972 MeV/Electron;
Total Electron Energy (if(evt.ID==11) Ek_e_t +=evt.Ek;) = 8670.29; Energy deposited per electron is: 8670.29 / 10 000 000 = 0.000867029 MeV/Electron;
yz-view:
Total Photon Energy (if(evt.ID==22) Ek_g_t +=evt.Ek;) = 286124; Energy deposited per electron is: 286124 / 10 000 000 = 0.0286124 MeV/Electron;
Total Electron Energy (if(evt.ID==11) Ek_e_t +=evt.Ek;) = 78727.9; Energy deposited per electron is: 78727.9 / 10 000 000 = 0.00787279 MeV/Electron;
Ratio of new to old position
Following table gives
photon | electron | |
xy-view | 0.00790205/0.00123972 = 6.4 | 0.0102820/0.000867029 = 1.2 |
yz-view | 0.0332712/0.0286124 =1.2 | 0.0232201/0.00787279 = 2.9 |
Lead Shielding around HRRL in New Positon
Pb Wall is as Tall as Electron Beam
Lead wall is 3-inch (10.16 cm) thick.
45 degree view
Top view
Side view
Simulation Results
Note: Electron and photon are differentiated.
Door view:
Side Wall view:
Deposited energy -vs Pb thickness
Consider draping a lead blanket which covers from the accelerator exit port to the Tungsten converter. We have a few such blankets down in the HRRL. Go see how thick they are and then simulate the thickness with one blanket then with two.
Plot the total energy deposited by photons and separately electrons for at least 3 Pb thicknesses, one of which is 3".
Pb Wall is as Tall as Ceiling
Simulation Results
Note: Electron and photon are differentiated.
Door view:
Side Wall view:
Cylindrical Pb Shielding around Target Increment Test
The thickness of lead sheets in the accelerator room is around 6 mm. We desire to use this lead sheets as shielding to shield HRRL in new position. So, I run simulation to study the change in radiation as thickness of shielding increase by 1 increment.
Make the units Energy /electron
Increment Test
Lead shielding was increased from 1 16 times of thickness of lead sheet.
Increment | Contour Plot | |||
1 | 67909.8 | 322.74 | 69232.5 | ![]() |
2 | 47080.4 | 849.284 | 69232.5 | ![]() |
2 increment.
.
3 increment. .
4 increment. .
5 increment. .
6 increment. .
7 increment. .
8 increment. .
9 increment. .
10 increment. .
11 increment. .
12 increment. .
13 increment. .
14 increment. .
15 increment. .
16 increment. .