- Poisson's Equation
- [math]\nabla^2 \phi(\vec{\xi}) = - \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0} =- \frac{e}{\epsilon_0} \delta(\vec{\xi})[/math]
Fourier Transform of Poisson's Equation
- [math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}} \int e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \nabla^2 \phi(\vec{\xi})dV = - \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}} \frac{e}{\epsilon_0} \int e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}}\delta(\vec{\xi}) dV [/math]
- [math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}} \int e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla} \cdot (\vec{\nabla} \phi(\vec{\xi}))dV = - \frac{e}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}\epsilon_0} (1)[/math]
Product rule for dervatives
- [math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}} \int \left \{ \vec{\nabla} \cdot ( e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla} \phi ) - (\vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}}) \cdot (\vec{\nabla} \phi) \right \} dV = - \frac{e}{(2 \pi)^{3/2}\epsilon_0} (1)[/math]
Gauss' Theorem:
- [math]\int \vec{\nabla} \cdot ( e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla} \phi ) dV = \oint_S e^{-i \vec{k}\cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla}\cdot d\vec{A}[/math]
Definition of derivative:
- [math](\vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}}) \cdot (\vec{\nabla} \phi ) = \vec{\nabla} \cdot (\phi \vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k}}) - \phi {\nabla}^2 e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}}[/math]
Substituting
[math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2} } \left \{ \int e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla} \phi \cdot d\vec{A} - \int \vec{\nabla} \cdot (\phi \vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} ) dV + \int \phi {\nabla}^2 e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} dV \right \} = \frac{-e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0}[/math]
Gauss' Low:
[math]\int \vec{\nabla}\cdot (\phi \vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} ) dV = \int \phi \vec{\nabla} e^{-i k \xi } \cdot d\vec{A}[/math]
[math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2} } \left \{\int \left \{ e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \vec{\nabla} \phi - \phi \vec{\nabla} e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \right \} \cdot d\vec{A} + \int \phi {\nabla}^2 e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} dV \right \} = \frac{-e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0}[/math]
[math]\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2} } \int \phi (-ik) (-ik) e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} dV = \frac{-e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0}[/math]
[math]-k^2 \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^{3/2} } \int \phi(\xi) e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} dV_{xi} = \frac{-e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0}[/math]
[math]-k^2 \phi(k) = \frac{-e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0}[/math]
1.) Coulomb [math]\phi(k) = \frac{e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0} \frac{1}{k^2}[/math] = potential in "k"(momentum) space
To find the potential in "coordinate" [math](\xi)[/math] space just inverse transform
- [math]phi (\xi) = \frac{1}{2 \pi)^{3/2} } \int e^{+ i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} \phi (k) dV_k[/math]
- [math]= \frac{1}{2 \pi)^{3/2} } \int e^{i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{\xi}} frac{e}{2 \pi)^{3/2} \epsilon_0} \frac{1}{k^2} dV_k[/math]