TF InclusiveDeltaDoverD

Delta_D_over_D

[math]\displaystyle{ q_i(x) \equiv q_i^{\parallel}(x) + q_i^{\perp}(x) }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta q_i(x) \equiv q_i^{\parallel}(x) - q_i^{\perp}(x) }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ F_1(x) \equiv \frac{1}{2} \sum_q e_i^2 q_i(x) }[/math]

using the above definition to define the proton and neutron unpolarized structure function :

[math]\displaystyle{ F_1^p(x) \equiv \frac{1}{2} \sum_q e_i^2 q_i^p(x) = \frac{1}{2}\left [ \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^2 u^p(x)+ \left( \frac{-1}{3} \right)^2 d^p(x)\right ] =\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9}u^p(x) + \frac{1}{9}d^p(x)\right ] }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ F_1^n(x) \equiv \frac{1}{2} \sum_q e_i^2 q_i^p(x) = \frac{1}{2}\left [ \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^2 u^n(x)+ \left( \frac{-1}{3} \right)^2 d^n(x)\right ] =\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9}u^n(x) + \frac{1}{9}d^n(x)\right ] }[/math]

The above is true within the framework of the constituent quark model when in the valence quark region [math]\displaystyle{ \left ( x_bj>0.5 \right ) }[/math] where the more massive quarks are ignored as well as anti-quarks

Using Isospin symmetry

[math]\displaystyle{ u(x) \equiv u^p(x)\equiv d^n(x) \;\;\;\;\; }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \;\;\;\;\;d(x) \equiv d^p(x)\equiv u^n(x) }[/math]

The unpolarized structure functions for the proton and neutron may be written as

[math]\displaystyle{ F_1^p(x) =\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9}u(x) + \frac{1}{9}d(x)\right ] \;\;\;\;\; }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ F_1^n(x)=\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9}d(x) + \frac{1}{9}u(x)\right ] }[/math]

similarly for the polarized structure function

[math]\displaystyle{ g_1(x) \equiv \frac{1}{2} \sum_q e_i^2 \Delta q_i(x) }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ g_1^p(x) =\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9} \Delta u(x) + \frac{1}{9} \Delta d(x)\right ] \;\;\;\;\; }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ g_1^n(x)=\frac{1}{2} \left [\frac{4}{9} \Delta d(x) + \frac{1}{9} \Delta u(x)\right ] }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ A_1(x,Q^2) \equiv \frac{\sigma_{1/2}^T - \sigma_{3/2}^T}{\sigma_{1/2}^T - \sigma_{3/2}^T} = \frac{g_1(x,Q^2) - \frac{Q^2}{\nu^2} g_2(x,Q^2)}{F_1(x,Q^2)} \approx \frac{q_1(x,Q^2)}{F_1(x,Q^2)} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ g_1^d \approx \left ( 1 - 1.5 \omega_D \right ) \left ( g_1^n + g_1^p \right ) }[/math]<ref> Eq. 28 from https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07877 which is based on https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.4308</ref>

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Delta_D_over_D