Lab 23 TF EIM

Inverting OP Amp

1. Construct the inverting amplifier according to the wiring diagram below.

Here is the data sheet for the 741 Op Amp

File:LM741CN OpAmp.pdf

Use [math]R_1 = 1k\Omega[/math] and [math]R_2 = 10 k\Omega[/math] as starting values.

2. Insert a 0.01 [math]\mu[/math]F capacitor between ground and both Op Amp power supply input pins. The Power supply connections for the Op amp are not shown in the above circuit diagram, check the data sheet.

Gain measurements

1.) Measure the gain as a function of frequency between 100 Hz and 2 MHz for three values of [math]R_2[/math] = 10 k[math]\Omega[/math], 100 k[math]\Omega[/math], 1M[math]\Omega[/math]. Keep [math]R_1[/math] at [math]1k\Omega[/math].

2.)Graph the above measurements with the Gain in units of decibels (dB) and with a logarithmic scale for the frequency axis.

Impedance

Input Impedance

1. Measure [math]R_{in}[/math] for the 10 fold and 100 fold amplifier at ~100 Hz and 10 kHz frequency.

Output Impedance

1. Measure [math]R_{out}[/math] for the 10 fold and 100 fold amplifier at ~100 Hz and 10 kHz frequency. Be sure to keep the output ([math]V_{out}[/math]) undistorted

[math]V_{io}[/math] and [math]I_{B}[/math]

[math]V_{out}= -\frac{R_2}{R_1} V_1 + \left ( 1 + \frac{R_2}{R_1}\right)V_{io} + R_2 I_B[/math]

Use the above equation and two measurements of [math]V_{out}[/math], [math]R_1[/math], and [math]R_2[/math] to extract [math]V_{io}[/math] and [math]I_B[/math].

1. measure [math]V_{out}[/math] for [math]R_1[/math] = 1 k[math]\Omega[/math], [math]R_2[/math] = 100 k[math]\Omega[/math], and[math] V_{in}[/math]=0 (grounded).
2. measure [math]V_{out}[/math] for [math]R_1[/math] = 10 k[math]\Omega[/math], [math]R_2[/math] = 1 M[math]\Omega[/math], and[math] V_{in}[/math]=0 (grounded).
3. You can now construct 2 equations with 2 unknowns [math]V_{io}[/math] and [math]I_B[/math].

[math]I_{io}[/math]

Now we will put in a pull up resistor [math]R_3= \frac{R_1 R_2}{R_1+R_2}[/math] as shown below.

Instead of the current [math]I_B[/math] we have the current [math]I_{io}[/math]

[math]V_{out}= -\frac{R_2}{R_1} V_1 + \left ( 1 + \frac{R_2}{R_1}\right)V_{io} + R_2 I_{io}[/math]

Use the same technique and resistors from the previous section to construct 2 equations and 2 unknowns and extract [math]I_{io}[/math], keep [math]V_{in}[/math]=0.

The offset Null Circuit

1. Construct the offset null circuit above.
2. Adjust the potentiometer to minimize [math]V_{out}[/math] with [math]V_{in}=0[/math].
3. Use a scope to measure the output noise.

Slew rate

Measure the slew and compare it to the factory spec.

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

1. Set [math]V_{in}[/math] = 0.
2. Measure [math]\Delta V_{out}[/math] while changing [math]\Delta V_{cc}[/math]

Output voltage RMS noise [math]\Delta V_{out}^{RMS}[/math]

Measure the RMS noise in [math]V_{out}[/math] when [math]V_{in}[/math] = 0 .

Capacitors

Revert back to the pull up resistor

Capacitor in parallel with [math]R_2[/math]

1. Select a capacitor such that[math] \frac{1}{\omega C_2} \approx R_2[/math] when [math]\omega[/math]= 10 kHz.
2. Add the capacitor in parallel to [math]R_2[/math] so you have the circuit shown above.
3. Use a pulse generator to input a sinusoidal voltage [math]V_{in}[/math]
4. Measure the Gain as a function of the [math]V_{in}[/math] frequency and plot it.

Capacitor in series with R_1

1. Select a capacitor such that[math] \frac{1}{\omega C_2} \approx R_1[/math] when [math]\omega[/math]= 1 kHz.
2. Add the capacitor in series to [math]R_1[/math] so you have the circuit shown above.
3. Use a pulse generator to input a sinusoidal voltage [math]V_{in}[/math]
4. Measure the Gain as a function of the [math]V_{in}[/math] frequency and plot it.

Forest_Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurement