Extracting DeltaDoverD from PionAsym

Delta_D_over_D

Extraction of [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\Delta d_v}{d_v} }[/math] from charged pion asymmetries

Leading Order (LO) extraction

Cross-section

A leading order expression for charged pion semi-inclusive pion electro-production cross section, represented as a sum of the [math]\displaystyle{ \pi^+ }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \pi^- }[/math] cross sections, using proton or neutron targets can be written, using Eq. 9 & 10 from Ref.<ref name="Christova9907265"> Christova, E., & Leader, E. (1999). Semi-inclusive production-tests for independent fragmentation and for polarized quark densities. hep-ph/9907265.</ref>, as:

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4( u + \bar{u}) + ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} + 2 s D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_n^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(d + \bar{d}) + (u + \bar{u})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-}+ 2 s D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

Independent fragmentation identifies the process in which quarks fragment into hadrons, independent of the photon-quark scattering process. In other words, the fragmentation process is independent of the initial quark environment, which initiates the hadronization process. Assuming independent fragmentation and using isospin ([math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+} = D_{\overline{u}}^{\pi^-} }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ D_d^{\pi^-} = D_{\overline{d}}^{\pi^+} }[/math] ) and charge ([math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+} = D_d^{\pi^-} }[/math]) conjugation invariance for the fragmentation functions, the following equality holds:

[math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = D_u^{\pi^+} \pm D_u^{\pi^-} = D_d^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

Strange quark contributions to the above SIDIS cross-section become ignorable due to the dominant contributions from the up and down quarks as x_{Bj} increases beyond 0.3

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4( u + \bar{u}) + ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_n^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(d + \bar{d}) + (u + \bar{u})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

Helicity Difference Cross Section

The polarized cross section difference is defined as :

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma = \sigma_{\uparrow \downarrow} - \sigma_{\uparrow \uparrow} }[/math]

using the polarized cross section [math]\displaystyle{ (\sigma_{\alpha \beta}) }[/math] where [math]\displaystyle{ \alpha }[/math] refers to the lepton helicity and [math]\displaystyle{ \beta }[/math] to the target helicity.

The charged pion helicity difference [math]\displaystyle{ (\Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-}) }[/math] can be written using equations 6 and 7 from Reference <ref name="Christova9907265"> </ref> as

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) + (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_n^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta d + \Delta d^-) + (\Delta u + \Delta u^-)]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

The analogous expressions for the case of a Deuteron target are

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[( u + \bar{u}) \pm ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) \pm (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

and unpolarized:

GSRV

The polarized cross section difference is defined as :

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma = \sigma_{\uparrow \downarrow} - \sigma_{\uparrow \uparrow} }[/math]

using the polarized cross section [math]\displaystyle{ (\sigma_{\alpha \beta}) }[/math] where [math]\displaystyle{ \alpha }[/math] refers to the lepton helicity and [math]\displaystyle{ \beta }[/math] to the target helicity.

The charged pion helicity difference [math]\displaystyle{ (\Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-}) }[/math] can be written using equations 6 and 7 from Reference <ref name="Christova9907265"> </ref> as

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) + (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_n^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta d + \Delta d^-) + (\Delta u + \Delta u^-)]D_u^{\pi^+ + \pi^-} }[/math]

The analogous expressions for the case of a Deuteron target are

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[( u + \bar{u}) \pm ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) \pm (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

and unpolarized:

The charged pion asymmetry may be defined as

[math]\displaystyle{ A_{1,p}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{\Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-}}{\sigma_p^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-}} = \frac{[({\sigma_p}^{\pi^+})_{1/2}-({\sigma_p}^{\pi^+})_{3/2}] \pm [({\sigma_p}^{\pi^-})_{1/2}-({\sigma_p}^{\pi^-})_{3/2}]}{[({\sigma_p}^{\pi^+})_{1/2}+({\sigma_p}^{\pi^+})_{3/2}] \pm [({\sigma_p}^{\pi^-})_{1/2}+({\sigma_p}^{\pi^-})_{3/2}]} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ A_{1,2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{\Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-}}{\sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-}} = \frac{[({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^+})_{1/2}-({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^+})_{3/2}] \pm [({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^-})_{1/2}-({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^-})_{3/2}]}{[({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^+})_{1/2}+({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^+})_{3/2}] \pm [({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^-})_{1/2}+({\sigma_{2H}}^{\pi^-})_{3/2}]} }[/math]

where the fragmentations functions [math]\displaystyle{ D }[/math] do not contribute if independent fragmentation, and isospin and charge conjugation are invariant.

Independent fragmentation identifies the process in which quarks fragment into hadrons, independent of the photon-quark scattering process. In other words, the fragmentation process is independent of the initial quark environment, which initiates the hadronization process. Assuming independent fragmentation and using isospin ([math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+} = D_{\overline{u}}^{\pi^-} }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ D_d^{\pi^-} = D_{\overline{d}}^{\pi^+} }[/math] ) and charge ([math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+} = D_d^{\pi^-} }[/math]) conjugation invariance for the fragmentation functions, the following equality holds:

[math]\displaystyle{ D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = D_u^{\pi^+} \pm D_u^{\pi^-} = D_d^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

The polarized and unpolarized cross sections for pion electroproduction can be written in terms of valence quark distribution functions in the valence region as:

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) \pm (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_n^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(\Delta d + \Delta d^-) \pm (\Delta u + \Delta u^-)]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u}) \pm (\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

and unpolarized:

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_p^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4( u + \bar{u}) \pm ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_n^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{1}{9}[4(d + \bar{d}) \pm (u + \bar{u})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{5}{9}[( u + \bar{u}) \pm ( d + \bar{d})]D_u^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} }[/math]

In the valence region ([math]\displaystyle{ x_{B}>0.3 }[/math]), where the sea quark contribution is minimized, the above asymmetries can be expressed in terms of polarized and unpolarized valence quark distributions:

[math]\displaystyle{ A_{1,p}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{4 \Delta u_v(x) \pm \Delta d_v(x)}{4u_v(x) \pm d_v(x)} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ A_{1,2H}^{\pi^+ \pm \pi^-} = \frac{\Delta u_v(x) + \Delta d_v(x)}{u_v(x) + d_v(x)} }[/math]

The ratio of polarized to unpolarized valence up and down quark distributions may then be written as

[math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\Delta u_v}{u_v}(x,Q^2) = \frac{\Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ - \pi^-} + \Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ - \pi^-}}{\sigma_p^{\pi^+ - \pi^-} + \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ - \pi^-}} (x,Q^2) }[/math]

and

[math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\Delta d_v}{d_v}(x,Q^2) = \frac{\Delta \sigma_p^{\pi^+ - \pi^-} - 4\Delta \sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ - \pi^-}}{\sigma_p^{\pi^+ - \pi^-} - 4\sigma_{2H}^{\pi^+ - \pi^-}} (x,Q^2) }[/math]

The ratio of polarized to unpolarized valence quark distribution functions can be extracted using the last two equations.

Next to leading Order (NLO)

<ref name="Sissakian074032"> A.N. Sissakian, O. Yu. Shevchenko, and O.N. Ivanov Phys Rev D 70 (074032) 2004 https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0411243</ref>

Towards semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at next-to-next-to-leading order, Daniele Anderle https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.01293.pdf

D. de Florian, R. Sassot, M. Epele, R. J. Herna ́ndez-Pinto, M. Stratmann. Phys. Rev. D 91 014035 (2015).

Global extraction of the parton-to-pion fragmentation functions at NLO accuracy in QCD R. J. Herna ́ndez-Pinto 2016 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.02455.pdf

2014Next-to-Leading Order QCD Factorization for Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering at Twist 4, Zhong-Bo Kang, Enke Wang, Xin-Nian Wang, and Hongxi Xing Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 102001 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.102001

References

2009 talk by Xiodong Jiang, kinematic cuts identified (Q2 >1GeV2,W >2GeV,W' (missing mass of undetected hadrons) >1.5GeV,xF >0,pπ >2GeV/c) , http://www.int.washington.edu/talks/WorkShops/int_09_3/People/Jiang_X/Jiang.pdf

Bibliography

</references>

Documents

File:Christova Leader hep-ph-9907265.pdf

File:Sissakian PhysRevD70 074032 2004.pdf

https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/PDF

SIDIS cross sections

File:Asauryan nucle-ex1103.1649.pdf

Delta_D_over_D