4-gradient

From the use of the Minkowski metric, converting between contravariant and covariant

[math]\mathbf x_{\mu} \equiv \eta_{\mu}^{\mu} \mathbf x^{\mu}[/math]

[math]\nabla_{\mu}=\partial_{\mu}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x^{\mu}}[/math]

[math]\mathbf \partial_\mu \equiv \Biggl [ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial y}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\Biggr ]=\Biggl [\frac{\partial}{\partial x^0}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial x^1}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial x^2}\quad \frac{\partial}{\partial x^3}\Biggr ][/math]