TF DTRA 2017 - Revision history

Foretony: /* Proposal */

2017-03-16T18:14:29Z

Proposal

Foretony: /* Silicon NRF */

2017-03-15T18:16:21Z

Silicon NRF

Foretony: /* Proposal */

2017-03-09T18:05:17Z

Proposal

Foretony at 18:05, 9 March 2017

2017-03-09T18:05:03Z

Foretony: /* Silicon PAA */

2017-02-10T19:13:47Z

Silicon PAA

Foretony: /* Silicon NRF */

2017-02-10T19:08:38Z

Silicon NRF

Foretony: /* Concrete */

2017-01-31T22:05:10Z

Concrete

Foretony: /* neutron capture on Silicon */

2017-01-21T00:04:11Z

neutron capture on Silicon

Foretony: /* Proposal */

2017-01-21T00:01:50Z

Proposal

Foretony: /* Proposal */

2017-01-20T23:57:23Z

Proposal

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 16 March 2017
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−	We propose a ~~program~~ to quantify the ~~signatures left by~~ a ~~nuclear~~ blast ~~on nearby materials using photo~~-~~nuclear interrogation methods~~. The intense neutron burst produced by a ~~gun-type~~ fission ~~weapon~~ interacts with nearby materials transforming nuclei, through neutron capture, into elements that are either radioactive or in the form of stable isotopes that do not exist in large quantities naturally. Instead of passively detecting the radiation released by radioactive nuclei, we would ~~investigate using nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) to~~ quantify the transmutation of nuclei in materials that have been in the vicinity of a nuclear blast. To further understand the fundamental processes leading the creation and propagation of the above signatures, we propose a series of experiments that will irradiate candidate materials using neutrons ~~from an electron accelerator~~ and then quantify the limits of detecting the transmuted elements. We would argue that an accurate measurement of the transmuted elements can be used to estimate the yield of a ~~gun-type~~ fission blast.	+	We propose a series of fundamental measurements to quantify the transmutation
		+	of naturally occurring Silicon isotopes for materials near a fission
		+	blast in response to Thrust Area 1 Topic G1 of the
		+	Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) HDTRA1-14-24-FRCWMD-BAA.
		+	The intense neutron burst produced by a fission blast interacts with
		+	nearby materials transforming nuclei, through neutron capture,
		+	into elements that are either radioactive or in the form of stable isotopes
		+	that do not exist in large quantities naturally.
		+	Instead of passively detecting the radiation released by radioactive nuclei,
		+	we would quantify through interrogation
		+	the transmutation of nuclei in Urban materials that have been in the vicinity of
		+	a nuclear blast.
		+	To further understand the fundamental processes leading to the creation and propagation
		+	of the above signatures, we propose a series of experiments that will irradiate
		+	candidate materials using neutrons and then
		+	quantify the limits of detecting the transmuted elements.
		+	We would argue that an accurate measurement of the transmuted elements
		+	can be used to estimate the yield of a fission blast.

	Concrete is a common construction material that would likely be near a nuclear blast. Silicon is one element we propose to initially investigate given that it makes up almost thirty five percent, by mass, of the concrete used in construction. Si-28 has a natural abundance of 92% as compared to Si-29 which has an abundance of 4%. Neutrons from a nuclear blast can transform Si-28 into Si-29 through neutron capture. Interrogating concrete using high energy (MeV) photons would excite the Si-29 nucleus causing it to emit signature photons (nuclear resonance fluorescence ) that can be measured in a short time period (hours).		Concrete is a common construction material that would likely be near a nuclear blast. Silicon is one element we propose to initially investigate given that it makes up almost thirty five percent, by mass, of the concrete used in construction. Si-28 has a natural abundance of 92% as compared to Si-29 which has an abundance of 4%. Neutrons from a nuclear blast can transform Si-28 into Si-29 through neutron capture. Interrogating concrete using high energy (MeV) photons would excite the Si-29 nucleus causing it to emit signature photons (nuclear resonance fluorescence ) that can be measured in a short time period (hours).

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 15 March 2017
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	https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:40045277		https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:40045277
		+
		+	[[File:Ryan_Vtech_1963.pdf]]

	==Silicon PAA==		==Silicon PAA==

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Reviewer summary
-While this proposal had an interesting scientific scope, it is limited to only silicon isotopes and thus, the discovery of the novel signature would hinge on the relevant silicon cross sections.  However, the proposal does not discuss how this information would expand upon already existing data on silicon capture cross sections or advance the basic science underlying these measurements.
+While this proposal had an interesting scientific scope, it is limited to only silicon isotopes and thus,
 </pre>

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 9 March 2017
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	=Proposal=		=Proposal=
		+
		+	<pre>
		+
		+	Reviewer summary
		+
		+	While this proposal had an interesting scientific scope, it is limited to only silicon isotopes and thus, the discovery of the novel signature would hinge on the relevant silicon cross sections. However, the proposal does not discuss how this information would expand upon already existing data on silicon capture cross sections or advance the basic science underlying these measurements.
		+	</pre>
		+

	We propose a program to quantify the signatures left by a nuclear blast on nearby materials using photo-nuclear interrogation methods. The intense neutron burst produced by a gun-type fission weapon interacts with nearby materials transforming nuclei, through neutron capture, into elements that are either radioactive or in the form of stable isotopes that do not exist in large quantities naturally. Instead of passively detecting the radiation released by radioactive nuclei, we would investigate using nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) to quantify the transmutation of nuclei in materials that have been in the vicinity of a nuclear blast. To further understand the fundamental processes leading the creation and propagation of the above signatures, we propose a series of experiments that will irradiate candidate materials using neutrons from an electron accelerator and then quantify the limits of detecting the transmuted elements. We would argue that an accurate measurement of the transmuted elements can be used to estimate the yield of a gun-type fission blast.		We propose a program to quantify the signatures left by a nuclear blast on nearby materials using photo-nuclear interrogation methods. The intense neutron burst produced by a gun-type fission weapon interacts with nearby materials transforming nuclei, through neutron capture, into elements that are either radioactive or in the form of stable isotopes that do not exist in large quantities naturally. Instead of passively detecting the radiation released by radioactive nuclei, we would investigate using nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) to quantify the transmutation of nuclei in materials that have been in the vicinity of a nuclear blast. To further understand the fundamental processes leading the creation and propagation of the above signatures, we propose a series of experiments that will irradiate candidate materials using neutrons from an electron accelerator and then quantify the limits of detecting the transmuted elements. We would argue that an accurate measurement of the transmuted elements can be used to estimate the yield of a gun-type fission blast.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 10 February 2017
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	From pg 171 of Segabade work		From pg 171 of Segabade work

		+	<math>{29 \atop 14} Si_{15} \rightarrow {28 \atop 13} Al_{15} + p</math> , half life is 2.2 min, Activity ratio w.r.t. Nickel after 1 hour of irradiation = 3.6, Egamma = 1779 keV
		+
		+	<math>{30 \atop 14} Si_{16} \rightarrow {29 \atop 13} Al_{16} + p</math> , half life is 6.6 min, Activity ratio w.r.t. Nickel = 1.5, Egamma = 1274 keV


	[[Forest_Proposals]]		[[Forest_Proposals]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 10 February 2017
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	https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:40045277		https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:40045277
		+
		+	==Silicon PAA==
		+
		+	From pg 171 of Segabade work
		+
		+

	[[Forest_Proposals]]		[[Forest_Proposals]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:05, 31 January 2017
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	=Concrete=		=Concrete=
		+
		+
		+
		+	Si-29/Si-28 using ICP-MS
		+
		+	One drawback to standard-sample-standard method of mass bias correction is that it is slow. The combination of 5 min of rinse before measurement of a blank prior to each analysis and then 22 min of sample introduction time before roughly 15 min of sample measurement means that the collection of data for one 29Si/28Si ratio, be it sample or standard, requires ∼40 min. Thus 2 hours is required to complete one set of standard-sample-standard determinations. This is much greater than the period required for standard-sample-standard analysis on dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometers (where the cycle may be completed multiple times in just a few minutes). This time period is also much greater than that previously utilized on MC-ICP-MS machines for measurement of isotope ratios of other elements, such as calcium [Halicz et al., 1999].
		+	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2002GC000310/full
		+
		+
		+	http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiA5e-S0NjRAhWKj1QKHS7_DXsQFghVMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv433%2Fn7024%2Fextref%2Fnature03217-s1.doc&usg=AFQjCNF9_KWnjOHeCraGRuC9o460QjGd-w
		+
		+	http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2006/JA/B600933F#!divAbstract
		+
		+	Nuclear resonance flourescence (NRF) and photon activation analysis (PAA) are two tools that may be used to quantify isotopic ratios. NRF may be performed on time scales of hours while PAA's time scale depends on the half life of the isotope of interest.
		+
		+	http://hdl.handle.net/2142/23953
		+
		+
		+	Si-28 1st energy level = 1779.03 keV
		+
		+	Possible sources are
		+
		+	Energy \|\| relative intensity \|\| decay mode \|\| half life \|\| Isotope
		+	1779.0 3 1.38 7 e+b+ 32.4 m 3 107In
		+	1779.02 21 0.344 16 e+b+ 15.2 m 7 114Te
		+	1779.05 3 1.91 11 b- 1.217 s 5 81Ga
		+
		+
		+	Si-29 1st energy level is 1273.387 keV
		+
		+	Possible sources are
		+
		+	Energy \|\| relative intensity \|\| decay mode \|\| half life \|\| Isotope
		+
		+	1273.3 4 0.151 25 e+b+ 40.1 m 20 121Xe
		+	1273.367 12 1.549 10 e+b+ 4.140 s 14 29P
		+	1273.367 12 90.6 6 b- 6.56 m 6 29Al
		+
		+	For PAA
		+
		+	neutron knockout of Si-28 takes 17 MeV and goes to Si-27 which emitts a 511 keV with a half life of 4.5 seconds
		+
		+	proton knockout of Si-29 takes 12 MeV of energy and goes to Al-28 which emits 1779 keV gamma with half life of ~2 min
		+
		+	https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Nuclear Physics A, 1970, pp. 449-460
 The neutron capture cross section of natural silicon
-Nuclear Physics A, Volume 252, Issue 1, Pages 62-76
+Nuclear Physics A, 1975, pp. 62-76
 ===for neutron energies above 100 MeV===

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:01, 21 January 2017
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	<math>n_{Si} = \frac{N_A}{M} \rho= \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms/mol}{28.05 g/mol} 2.3 \frac{g}{cm^3} = 4.9 \times 10^{22} \frac{1}{cm^3}</math>		<math>n_{Si} = \frac{N_A}{M} \rho= \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms/mol}{28.05 g/mol} 2.3 \frac{g}{cm^3} = 4.9 \times 10^{22} \frac{1}{cm^3}</math>

		+	=== neutron capture on Silicon===
		+
		+	N. Ranakumar, E. Kondaiah, R.W. Fink
		+	Neutron activation cross sections at 14.4 MeV for Si and Zn isotopes
		+	Nuclear Physics A, 1968, pp. 679-683
		+
		+
		+
		+	A.M.J. Spits, A.M.F. Op Den Kamp, H. Gruppelaar
		+	Gamma rays from thermal-neutron capture in natural and 28Si enriched silicon
		+	Nuclear Physics A, 1970, pp. 449-460
		+
		+	The neutron capture cross section of natural silicon
		+	Nuclear Physics A, Volume 252, Issue 1, Pages 62-76
		+	J.W. Boldeman, B.J. Allen, A.R. de L. Musgrove, R.L. Macklin

	===for neutron energies above 100 MeV===		===for neutron energies above 100 MeV===

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 <math>n_{Si} = \frac{N_A}{M} \rho= \frac{6 \times 10^{23} atoms/mol}{28.05 g/mol} 2.3 \frac{g}{cm^3}  = 4.9 \times 10^{22} \frac{1}{cm^3}</math>
 Neutron total cross sections at intermediate energies
 R. W. Finlay, W. P. Abfalterer, G. Fink, E. Montei, T. Adami, P. W. Lisowski, G. L. Morgan, and R. C. Haight