Interim Report 5-18-08 AwardNum0653570 - Revision history

Oborn: /* What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project */

2008-07-14T11:46:15Z

What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project

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	Describe the opportunities for training and development provided by your project.		Describe the opportunities for training and development provided by your project.

	As part of their graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze and Julian Slamanca, skills and experiences in the area of detector development. The design of a charge collector for the Qweak detector exposed them to modern circuit design software as well as some of the compatibility issues between software packages. The construction of ionization chambers using modern machinable plastics like Ertalyte exposed students to conventional machine shop practices and the use of a milling machine. The evaluation of prototype detectors gives students signal processing experience using both analog and digital devices. Both single cosmic events as well as coincidence events using multiple detectors such as scintillators and drift chambers is an on going experiment in our Laboratory for Detector Science. Students are exposed and gain experience with NIM and VME based signal processing systems. Graduate students also gain teaching experience mentoring the undergraduates I have taken part in the projects described in the Activities section of this report.		As part of their graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze and Julian Slamanca, gained skills and experiences in the area of detector development. The design of a charge collector for the Qweak detector exposed them to modern circuit design software as well as some of the compatibility issues between software packages. The construction of ionization chambers using modern machinable plastics like Ertalyte exposed students to conventional machine shop practices and the use of a milling machine. The evaluation of prototype detectors gives students signal processing experience using both analog and digital devices. Both single cosmic events as well as coincidence events using multiple detectors such as scintillators and drift chambers is an on going experiment in our Laboratory for Detector Science. Students are exposed to and gain experience with NIM and VME based signal processing systems. Graduate students also gain teaching experience mentoring the undergraduates that have taken part in the projects described in the Activities section of this report.

	==What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology?==		==What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology?==

Oborn: /* What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology? */

2008-07-14T11:43:52Z

What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology?

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	Describe outreach activities your project has undertaken.		Describe outreach activities your project has undertaken.

	The physics department at ISU travels to local schools to perform physics demonstrations in an effort to increase the ~~publics~~ understanding of science and technology. The demonstrations occur at night in order to illustrate physics principles to students and their parents. I went to Syringa elementary school during this last funding cycle to demonstrate several principles of electricity to student and their parents. A small Van de Graf was used to demonstrate principles of conduction. The principles of producting electricity were demonstrated using solenoids and the effect of liquid nitrogen on Eddy currents induced in a copper conducter were some of the popular components of the demonstrations.		The physics department at ISU travels to local schools to perform physics demonstrations in an effort to increase the public's understanding of science and technology. The demonstrations occur at night in order to illustrate physics principles to students and their parents. I went to Syringa elementary school during this last funding cycle to demonstrate several principles of electricity to student and their parents. A small Van de Graf was used to demonstrate principles of conduction. The principles of producting electricity were demonstrated using solenoids and the effect of liquid nitrogen on Eddy currents induced in a copper conducter were some of the popular components of the demonstrations.

	The physics department also holds a mentoring program for high school teachers and their students during the first month of summer. I instructed as group of about 20 teachers and student on the operating principles of drift chambers, scintillators, and solid state detectors. He-3 neutron detectors will be given to the science teachers for use at their home institution. As a result, the neutron detection principle of a He-3 detector was the main focus of the lecture. The He-3 detectors are from a completed experiment at PNNL laboratories and were made available to ISU's due to its research partnership with PNNL Laboratories. The arrangement is a fortuitous example of how research and education can combine ~~forces to~~ improve the ~~publication~~ understanding of science and technology.		The physics department also holds a mentoring program for high school teachers and their students during the first month of summer. I instructed a group of about 20 teachers and student on the operating principles of drift chambers, scintillators, and solid state detectors. He-3 neutron detectors will be given to the science teachers for use at their home institution. As a result, the neutron detection principle of a He-3 detector was the main focus of the lecture. The He-3 detectors are from a completed experiment at PNNL laboratories and were made available to ISU due to its research partnership with PNNL Laboratories. The arrangement is a fortuitous example of how research and education can combine efforts and improve the public's understanding of science and technology.

	=Publications and Products=		=Publications and Products=

Oborn: /* Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications */

2008-07-13T19:21:48Z

Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications

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	==Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications ==		==Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications ==
			"An Accelerator Based Cargo Container Inspection System for Nuclear Materials", T. A. Forest, et. al., Eight International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications and Utilization of Accelerators, American Nuclear Society, pg 470, Aug. 2007

	==What Web site or other Internet site have you created?==		==What Web site or other Internet site have you created?==

Oborn: /* Journal publications */

2008-07-13T19:19:01Z

Journal publications

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	==Journal publications ==		==Journal publications ==
	Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries., F.X. Girod et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162002 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e162002		#Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries., F.X. Girod et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162002 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e162002
	Beam spin asymmetry in deep and exclusive p0 electroproduction., R. De Masi et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 77, 042201 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v77/e042201		#Beam spin asymmetry in deep and exclusive p0 electroproduction., R. De Masi et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 77, 042201 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v77/e042201
	Cross Sections for gamma p to K0*+ Sigma at Egamma=1.7-3.0 GeV , I. Hleiqawi, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 042201.		#Cross Sections for gamma p to K0*+ Sigma at Egamma=1.7-3.0 GeV , I. Hleiqawi, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 042201.
	Separated Structure Functions for the Exclusive electroproduction of K+ Lambda and K+ Sigma Final States , P. Ambrozewicz, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 045203.		#Separated Structure Functions for the Exclusive electroproduction of K+ Lambda and K+ Sigma Final States , P. Ambrozewicz, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 045203.
	First measurement of Beam Recoil Observables C(x) and C(z) in hyperon Photoproduction , R. Bradford, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035205.		#First measurement of Beam Recoil Observables C(x) and C(z) in hyperon Photoproduction , R. Bradford, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035205.
	Quark-Hadron Duality in Spin Structure Functions g1p and g1d , P. Bosted, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035203.		Quark-Hadron Duality in Spin Structure Functions g1p and g1d , P. Bosted, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035203.

Oborn: /* Journal publications */

2008-07-13T19:18:43Z

Journal publications

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	==Journal publications ==		==Journal publications ==
			Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries., F.X. Girod et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162002 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e162002
			Beam spin asymmetry in deep and exclusive p0 electroproduction., R. De Masi et al. (The CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 77, 042201 (2008). http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v77/e042201
			Cross Sections for gamma p to K0*+ Sigma at Egamma=1.7-3.0 GeV , I. Hleiqawi, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 042201.
			Separated Structure Functions for the Exclusive electroproduction of K+ Lambda and K+ Sigma Final States , P. Ambrozewicz, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 045203.
			First measurement of Beam Recoil Observables C(x) and C(z) in hyperon Photoproduction , R. Bradford, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035205.
			Quark-Hadron Duality in Spin Structure Functions g1p and g1d , P. Bosted, et. al., Phys. Rev. C 75,2007, 035203.

	==Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications ==		==Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications ==
	==What Web site or other Internet site have you created?==		==What Web site or other Internet site have you created?==

Oborn: /* What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project */

2008-07-13T19:13:12Z

What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 13 July 2008
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	Describe the opportunities for training and development provided by your project.		Describe the opportunities for training and development provided by your project.

	As part of ~~her~~ graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze ~~has been quantifying the performance of two proto-type drift chambers for Hall-B.~~ ~~The ionization chamber principle is similar to the GEM chambers being built for Qweak.~~ ~~Two ionization chamber proto-types were built by JLab~~ and ~~sent to ISU. They are identical except that one uses an all plastic feedthrough to hold~~ the ~~drift chamber wires and another has a plastic feedthrough with a metal tip where the wire makes contact with the feedthrough~~. The ~~proto-type detectors will be used to evaluate the efficency~~ of the ~~chamber~~ as ~~a function of the ionizating particles position from the end~~ of the ~~wire~~. ~~A Garfield simulation leads one~~ to ~~believe that the plastic tipped feedthrough will result in a less efficent detector near~~ the ~~end~~ of ~~the wire due to~~ a ~~less radial electric field lines~~. The ~~answer to this question will impact the design~~ of drift chambers for ~~the CLAS 12 upgrade.~~		As part of their graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze and Julian Slamanca, skills and experiences in the area of detector development. The design of a charge collector for the Qweak detector exposed them to modern circuit design software as well as some of the compatibility issues between software packages. The construction of ionization chambers using modern machinable plastics like Ertalyte exposed students to conventional machine shop practices and the use of a milling machine. The evaluation of prototype detectors gives students signal processing experience using both analog and digital devices. Both single cosmic events as well as coincidence events using multiple detectors such as scintillators and drift chambers is an on going experiment in our Laboratory for Detector Science. Students are exposed and gain experience with NIM and VME based signal processing systems. Graduate students also gain teaching experience mentoring the undergraduates I have taken part in the projects described in the Activities section of this report.

	~~During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips~~.


	~~As part of his graduate student studies, Julian Slamanca has gained substantial~~ experience ~~machining the Qweak detectors.~~

	~~Julian Salamance~~ and ~~Jordan Kenough gained experience designing circuit boards~~. ~~Julian design~~ the ~~charge collector for Qweak which is being fabricated by CERN. Jordan design~~ the ~~HV distribution board which was~~ described ~~above~~.

	==What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology?==		==What outreach activities have you undertaken to increase public understanding of, and participation in, science and technology?==

Oborn: /* Comparison with other experiments */

2008-07-13T17:12:52Z

Comparison with other experiments

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	[[Image:phi_angle_cm_frame_vs_rate_two_results_compared_cos_theta_0-6_0-8.jpg\|500px]]<br>		[[Image:phi_angle_cm_frame_vs_rate_two_results_compared_cos_theta_0-6_0-8.jpg\|500px]]<br>

	Drift Chamber Feedthroughs		===Drift Chamber Feedthroughs===

	As part of her graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze has been quantifying the performance of two proto-type drift chambers for Hall-B. The ionization chamber principle is similar to the GEM chambers being built for Qweak and was a good training experience for her until the Qweak chambers are completed. Two ionization chamber proto-types were built by JLab and sent to ISU. They are identical except that one uses an all plastic feedthrough to hold the drift chamber wires and another has a plastic feedthrough with a metal tip where the wire makes contact with the feedthrough. The proto-type detectors will be used to evaluate the efficency of the chamber as a function of the ionizating particles position from the end of the wire. A Garfield simulation leads one to believe that the plastic tipped feedthrough will result in a less efficent detector near the end of the wire due to a less radial electric field lines. The answer to this question will impact the design of drift chambers for the CLAS 12 upgrade. During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips.		As part of her graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze has been quantifying the performance of two proto-type drift chambers for Hall-B. The ionization chamber principle is similar to the GEM chambers being built for Qweak and was a good training experience for her until the Qweak chambers are completed. Two ionization chamber proto-types were built by JLab and sent to ISU. They are identical except that one uses an all plastic feedthrough to hold the drift chamber wires and another has a plastic feedthrough with a metal tip where the wire makes contact with the feedthrough. The proto-type detectors will be used to evaluate the efficency of the chamber as a function of the ionizating particles position from the end of the wire. A Garfield simulation leads one to believe that the plastic tipped feedthrough will result in a less efficent detector near the end of the wire due to a less radial electric field lines. The answer to this question will impact the design of drift chambers for the CLAS 12 upgrade. During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips.


			[[Image:discriminator_threshold_vs_rate_using_VPI_Post_Amp_for_Metalica_and_Plastika_HV_1450V_1500V_1.jpg\|400px]]

	==What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project==		==What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project==

Oborn: /* What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project */

2008-07-13T17:12:33Z

What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project

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	During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips.		During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips.

	~~[[Image:discriminator_threshold_vs_rate_using_VPI_Post_Amp_for_Metalica_and_Plastika_HV_1450V_1500V_1.jpg\|400px]]~~

	As part of his graduate student studies, Julian Slamanca has gained substantial experience machining the Qweak detectors.		As part of his graduate student studies, Julian Slamanca has gained substantial experience machining the Qweak detectors.

Oborn: /* What are your major findings from the activities identified above */

2008-07-13T17:12:09Z

What are your major findings from the activities identified above

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	==What are your major findings from the activities identified above==		==What are your major findings from the activities identified above==

	===Qweak readout ~~electronics===~~		During the past year there are three findings which should be reported. The first finding was the proof in principle of a candidate readout system for the Qweak experiment. The second finding is a comparison between an analysis currently underway by the graduate student on this grant with a previous experiment. The third finding was a serendipitous result involving experimentation with a drift chamber system under study.
	~~====~~Speed ~~test results~~====		===Qweak readout Speed tests====
			The VFAT is a candidate front end readout card for Qweak's region 1 tracking system. The VFAT chip has been designed to sample the detector analog output at 40 MHz. Although elastically scattered electrons which traverse the entire Qweak apparatus are expected to trigger the readout system at rates of about 1 kHz, there is a large background due to moller scattering which corresponds to rates of 12 MHz/nA uniformly distributed over the entire region 1 acceptance. The moller rate on a single detector strip would be about 25 kHz/nA. This restricts the region 1 tracking system to operating currents below 400 nA since the detector rise time of 50 nanoseconds will result in signal pileup if the ionization particle flux rates exceed 10 MHz. The VFAT board by itself can satisfy the readout requirements of Qweak.

	The VFAT is a ~~candidate front end readout card for Qweak's region 1 tracking system~~. The ~~VFAT chip has been~~ designed ~~to sample~~ the ~~detector analog output at 40 MHz. Although elastically scattered electrons which traverse the entire Qweak apparatus are expected to trigger~~ the ~~readout system at rates~~ of ~~about 1 kHz, there is~~ a ~~large background due to moller scattering which corresponds to rates of 12 MHz/nA uniformly distributed over the entire region 1 acceptance~~. ~~The moller rate on a single detector strip would be about 25 kHz~~/nA. ~~This restricts~~ the ~~region 1 tracking system to operating currents below 400 nA since~~ the ~~detector rise time~~ of ~~50 nanoseconds will result~~ in ~~signal pileup if the ionization particle flux rates exceed 10 MHz~~. ~~The VFAT board by itself can satisfy the readout requirements~~ of Qweak.		The remaining question is whether the transfer of the VFAT digital output to the data acquisition system without introducing a bottleneck. The CERN engineer who designed the VFAT board suggested the use of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). THE VME 1495 FPGA I/O module from CAEN was selected for testing. We observed read and write speeds between the VME backplane and the FPGA user registers of 16 bits to USER FPGA in 330 ns. This measurement correspond to a throughput speed of 6 MB/sec compared to a requirement of 0.5 kb/sec for Qweak.

	The remaining question is whether the transfer of the VFAT digital output to the data acquisition system without introducing a bottleneck. The CERN engineer who designed the VFAT board suggested the use of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). THE VME 1495 FPGA I/O module from CAEN was selected for testing. We observed read and write speeds between the VME backplane and the FPGA user registers of 16 bits to USER FPGA in 330 ns. This measurement correspond to a throughput speed of 6 MB/sec compared to a requirement of 0.5 kb/sec for Qweak.		===Comparison with other experiments===

	~~==== VFAT communication protocols====~~		In addition to working on Qweak hardware, the graduate student on this grant is also analyzing data from a previous experiment for the physics part of her thesis. The data was taken in JLAB’s Hall B as part of the polarized structure function program. Tamar is interested of using that data set to extract the ratio of the polarized down quark distribution to the unpolarized (Δd/d). Semi exclusive pion production will be used to extract this ratio. As a first step, Tamar has looked at single pion production in the exclusive channel H(e,e’π)n, where the neutron is detected using missing mass techniques. Figure 1 below shows the observed counting rate as a function of the pion phi angle in the center of mass frame. The data is compared with the unpolarized experiment E99-107 by ignoring the beam and target polarization information in the EG1 experiment.

	Cuts: EC_inner>0.06, EC_tot/p>0.2, nphe>2.5, <math>0.9<M_x<1.1</math>, <math>1.1<W<1.5</math> and <math>0.6<cos\theta_{pion}^{CM}<0.8</math>.<br>		Cuts: EC_inner>0.06, EC_tot/p>0.2, nphe>2.5, <math>0.9<M_x<1.1</math>, <math>1.1<W<1.5</math> and <math>0.6<cos\theta_{pion}^{CM}<0.8</math>.<br>
	[[Image:phi_angle_cm_frame_vs_rate_two_results_compared_cos_theta_0-6_0-8.jpg\|500px]]<br>		[[Image:phi_angle_cm_frame_vs_rate_two_results_compared_cos_theta_0-6_0-8.jpg\|500px]]<br>

			Drift Chamber Feedthroughs

			As part of her graduate studies, Tamar Didberidze has been quantifying the performance of two proto-type drift chambers for Hall-B. The ionization chamber principle is similar to the GEM chambers being built for Qweak and was a good training experience for her until the Qweak chambers are completed. Two ionization chamber proto-types were built by JLab and sent to ISU. They are identical except that one uses an all plastic feedthrough to hold the drift chamber wires and another has a plastic feedthrough with a metal tip where the wire makes contact with the feedthrough. The proto-type detectors will be used to evaluate the efficency of the chamber as a function of the ionizating particles position from the end of the wire. A Garfield simulation leads one to believe that the plastic tipped feedthrough will result in a less efficent detector near the end of the wire due to a less radial electric field lines. The answer to this question will impact the design of drift chambers for the CLAS 12 upgrade. During this funding cycle, Tamar has discovered that the proto-type detector using plastic feedthroughs is noisier than the one which has metal tips.

	==What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project==		==What research and teaching skills and experience has the project helped provide to those who worked on the project==

Oborn: /* Speed test results */

2008-07-13T16:46:04Z

Speed test results

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	====Speed test results====		====Speed test results====

			The VFAT is a candidate front end readout card for Qweak's region 1 tracking system. The VFAT chip has been designed to sample the detector analog output at 40 MHz. Although elastically scattered electrons which traverse the entire Qweak apparatus are expected to trigger the readout system at rates of about 1 kHz, there is a large background due to moller scattering which corresponds to rates of 12 MHz/nA uniformly distributed over the entire region 1 acceptance. The moller rate on a single detector strip would be about 25 kHz/nA. This restricts the region 1 tracking system to operating currents below 400 nA since the detector rise time of 50 nanoseconds will result in signal pileup if the ionization particle flux rates exceed 10 MHz. The VFAT board by itself can satisfy the readout requirements of Qweak.

	The ~~readout system for Qweak's region 1 tracking system~~ is ~~capable~~ of ~~sampling~~ the ~~detector at 40 MHz. Although elastically scattered electrons which traverse the entire Qweak apparatus are expected~~ to ~~trigger~~ the ~~readout~~ system ~~at rates of about 1 kHz, there is a large background due to moller scattering which corresponds to rates of 12 MHz/nA uniformly distributed over the entire region 1 acceptance. This moller rate on~~ a ~~single detector strip would be about 25 kHz/nA~~. ~~This restricts~~ the ~~region 1 tracking system to operating currents below 400 nA since~~ the ~~detector rise time~~ of ~~50 nanoseconds will result in signal pileup if the ionization particle flux rates exceed 10 MHz~~. ~~All three components of the Qweak tracking system are expected to operate together at currents of 0.1 nAs.~~		The remaining question is whether the transfer of the VFAT digital output to the data acquisition system without introducing a bottleneck. The CERN engineer who designed the VFAT board suggested the use of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). THE VME 1495 FPGA I/O module from CAEN was selected for testing. We observed read and write speeds between the VME backplane and the FPGA user registers of 16 bits to USER FPGA in 330 ns. This measurement correspond to a throughput speed of 6 MB/sec compared to a requirement of 0.5 kb/sec for Qweak.



	~~On 2/15/07 Ben Royd tested the~~ read and write speeds between the ~~VPM~~ backplane and the FPGA user registers~~. He was able to write~~ 16 bits to USER FPGA in 330 ns.

	==== VFAT communication protocols====		==== VFAT communication protocols====