Alpha Ionization - Revision history

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-08T15:25:45Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 8 April 2015
Line 57:		Line 57:
	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

	Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements ~~showed~~ a difference in the number of counts ~~and in the charge spectrum~~ when the shutter ~~was~~ open, and when it was ~~closed~~ covering the whole U-233 coating~~, the~~ difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure yy, For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV, as previously ~~mentioned,~~ the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, ~~it indicated~~ that the shutter ~~was~~ able to stop all the emitted alpha particles in the drift region with a minimum ionization shown in QDC spectrum.		Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as a shutter to stop alpha and beta particles. Roy's (2012) and different QDC's measurements have shown a difference in the number of counts when the shutter is open, and when it was close covering the whole U-233 coating. The difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure yy, For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV, as previously stated. the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, The result indicates that the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles in the drift region with a minimum ionization shown in QDC spectrum.

Abdehait: /* Triple GEM gain */

2015-04-08T15:12:14Z

Triple GEM gain

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 8 April 2015
Line 48:		Line 48:
	=Triple GEM gain=		=Triple GEM gain=

	Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package ~~together~~, it uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.		Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package simultaneously. Furthermore, Garfield uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.

	Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in ~~GEM~~ detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons ~~interacts~~ with the gas atoms and molecules, According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, A 200eV electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. Garfield ~~also~~ simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7~~, the~~ figure XX shows that Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V,however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.		Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in the detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons interact with the gas atoms and molecules. According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, A 200eV electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. In addition, Garfield simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7 as in figure XX. The figure shows that Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V; however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-08T12:53:46Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 8 April 2015
Line 57:		Line 57:
	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

	Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it was closed covering the whole U-233 coating, the difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure yy, For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV, as previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, ~~when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter,~~ it indicated that the shutter was able to stop all the emitted alpha particles in the drift region with a minimum ionization ~~on the~~ QDC spectrum.		Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it was closed covering the whole U-233 coating, the difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure yy, For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV, as previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, it indicated that the shutter was able to stop all the emitted alpha particles in the drift region with a minimum ionization shown in QDC spectrum.

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-08T12:48:10Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 8 April 2015
Line 57:		Line 57:
	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

	Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it was closed covering the whole U-233 coating, the difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure ~~below:~~		Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it was closed covering the whole U-233 coating, the difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure yy, For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV, as previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter, it indicated that the shutter was able to stop all the emitted alpha particles in the drift region with a minimum ionization on the QDC spectrum.


	[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]		[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]

	For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV. As previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter, it indicated that the shutter was able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization in the drift region.

	[[alpha particle simulation related]]		[[alpha particle simulation related]]

Abdehait: /* Triple GEM gain */

2015-04-08T12:40:02Z

Triple GEM gain

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 8 April 2015
Line 50:		Line 50:
	Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package together, it uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.		Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package together, it uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.

	Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in GEM detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons interacts with the gas atoms and molecules, According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, A 200eV electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. Garfield also simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7, the figure ~~below~~ shows the ~~results:~~		Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in GEM detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons interacts with the gas atoms and molecules, According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, A 200eV electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. Garfield also simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7, the figure XX shows that Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V,however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.


	[[File:ref_data_gain_triple_Ar93_CO2.png\| 300px ]]		[[File:ref_data_gain_triple_Ar93_CO2.png\| 300px ]]


	Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V,however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.

	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

Abdehait: /* Triple GEM gain */

2015-04-08T12:37:25Z

Triple GEM gain

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 8 April 2015
Line 50:		Line 50:
	Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package together, it uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.		Garfield, well-known in simulating the interactions in gaseous media such as electron multiplication <ref> Garfield++. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2013. </ref>, simulated the electron multiplication in Ar/CO2 gas in GEM detector. Garfield simulated the physical processes that occurred in triple GEM based detector by using more than one software package together, it uses HEED and Magboltz that simulate electron interactions in different gases, and give the solution for the Boltzmann equation in 3D. It also uses a finite element method (FEM) package to map the electric field within specific boundary conditions of GEM preamplifiers.

	Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in GEM detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons interacts with the gas atoms and molecules, According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, An electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. Garfield also simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7, the figure below shows the results:		Garfield simulated a triple GEM detector electron multiplication in more than one region in GEM detector. When the electric field of 1-4kV/cm drives the electrons toward the first GEM preamplifier in 1cm drift region, electrons interacts with the gas atoms and molecules, According to Garfield simulation for the drift region, A 200eV electron multiplies to 8 +_1 electrons before it reaches the first GEM preamplifier. Garfield also simulated the gain for a triple GEM stack for Ar/CO2 93/7, the figure below shows the results:

	[[File:ref_data_gain_triple_Ar93_CO2.png\| 300px ]]		[[File:ref_data_gain_triple_Ar93_CO2.png\| 300px ]]
Line 56:		Line 56:

	Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V,however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.		Garfield estimated almost the same measured gain for triple GEM when voltage difference for each GEM preamplifier is 300V and 320V,however, as the voltage increased to 340V, Garfield overestimated the gain up to 25% more than the measured value.



	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-07T04:11:04Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:11, 7 April 2015
Line 65:		Line 65:
	[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]		[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]

	For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV. As previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter, it indicated that the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization in the drift region.		For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV. As previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter, it indicated that the shutter was able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization in the drift region.

	[[alpha particle simulation related]]		[[alpha particle simulation related]]

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-07T04:08:12Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:08, 7 April 2015
Line 65:		Line 65:
	[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]		[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]

	For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 60 MeV. ~~It is Previously~~ mentioned ~~that~~ the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV, So the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization.		For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 55 MeV. As previously mentioned, the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV and most probable energy of 4.82 MeV, when G4 simulation showed that alpha energy had to be around 55 MeV to penetrate 1mm FR4 shutter, it indicated that the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization in the drift region.




	[[alpha particle simulation related]]		[[alpha particle simulation related]]

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-07T04:01:59Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:01, 7 April 2015
Line 61:		Line 61:
	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

	An FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and ~~the~~ QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it is closed covering the whole U-233 coating.		Simulations and measurements proved that an FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and different QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it was closed covering the whole U-233 coating, the difference proved the shutter ability to stop alpha particles. Also GEANT4 simulated 1 mm FR4 ability to stop alpha particles, and predicted the alpha particle energy that would be able to penetrate the shutter as shown in the figure below:

	[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]		[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]

	For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 60 MeV. It is Previously mentioned that the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV, So the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ~~scintillation. The simulation result agrees with Saito's experiment which confirms that travelling in a 1cm argon gas with 4.5 kV/cm electric field is one of the ways to study alpha's scintillations~~.		For a complete penetration, alpha's energy has to be around 60 MeV. It is Previously mentioned that the emitted alpha particles from U-233 has a maximum energy of 8.4 MeV, So the shutter is able to stop all the emitted alpha particles without any ionization.

Abdehait: /* FR4 Shutter Effect */

2015-04-07T03:49:59Z

FR4 Shutter Effect

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 7 April 2015
Line 61:		Line 61:
	=FR4 Shutter Effect=		=FR4 Shutter Effect=

	~~A 1 cm~~ FR4 ~~shutter~~ stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233, the ~~following figure shows~~ the ~~percentage~~ of the ~~number of alphas that penetrate~~ the shutter,		An FR4 plate almost stops all Alpha particles that are emitted from U-233. An FR4 plate of 1 mm thickness has been used as shutter to stop alpha and beta particles, Roy's and the QDC's measurements showed a difference in the number of counts and in the charge spectrum when the shutter was open, and when it is closed covering the whole U-233 coating.

	[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]		[[File:G4_alpha_tran_FR4_vacuum.png \| 300px]]