View source for PePPO NaI PositronDetector 4 JLab

Detector setup for a NaI positron detector for PePPO

=NaI detector=

The PMT is powered by a HV  supply which should have a DC ripple less than 200 mV peak-to-peak at 3kV/3mA.  A DC ripple will change the gain of the PMT and cause the energy resolution to deteriorate.

The Linearity of the detector system is another way to reduce the energy resolution.  The measured PMT output should be linear with the input signal when the gain is constant.  This linearity can be measured using 2 radiation sources.


Input HV: +1085 V

Input Current: 2.362 mA



Running CODA: [[Running CODA]]

==Measurements Using V792 QDC==

===Run 1979===

Start Time : March 23:12:30:26

End Time: March 23: 13:10:47

Elapsed time: 2421 seconds

[[File:1979_NaI_1185Volts.png| 200px]]
[[File:1979_NaI_ADCHist_1185.png| 200px]]

===Run 1980===

Remove Na-22 source from top of NaI crystal.

Start Time : March 23:13:11:23

End Time: March 23: 15:56:40

Elapsed Time:6317 seconds


[[File:NaI_ADC1_R1979-R1980.png | 200 px]]


Let's lower the gain of the Phillips 777 amplifier so the 511 peak is around channel 500.  This way the 1 MeV photons may come on scale.

===Run 1982===

Overnight Cosmic Run

Start Time : March 23: 16:01:47

End Time: March 24: 09:41:31

Elapsed Time:63558 seconds

===Run 1983===


Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 24: 09:46:25

End Time: March 24: 10:14:24

Elapsed Time: 1679 seconds


[[File:03242011_R1983_ADC1.png | 200 px]]

The 1.x MeV gammas appear near channel 1200.  

I'll do a long Na-22 run and think about upping the amplifier gain again to put the Co-60 peak around channel 3000.


The Co-60 source trigger rate is about 750 Hz and the Na-22 trigger rate was about 450 Hz.

===Run 1984===


Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 24: 10:16:49

End Time: March 24: 11:02:38

Elapsed Time: seconds


===Run 1987===

<pre>
Increase gain of Phillips 777 amplifier which 
I am using on the PMT output,  We may want to adjust 
the dynode gain/discriminator to fill in the lower 
energy part of the spectrum.
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 24: 11:34:35

End Time: March 24: 1
Elapsed Time: seconds


[[File:03242011_R1987_ADC1.png | 200 px]]




I was expecting to see a photon of energy 1.17 and one with 1.33 MeV in the above specturm.  Assuming that my ability to resolve the two peaks is due to noise I will assume both are in the peak at channel <math>3158 \pm 1</math>.  Since the intensity of the above two lines are almost the same I will do a simple average.

:<math>\bar{E_{\gamma}} =\frac{1.17 + 1.33}{2} =1.25 </math> MeV


The above measurement indicates that a 1.25 MeV photon appears at channel <math>3158\pm 1</math> in the current apparatus.

===Run 1988===

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 24: 11:34:35

End Time: March 24: 16:21:31

Elapsed Time: 17216 seconds


[[File:03242011_R1988_ADC1.png | 200 px]]

The above measurement indicates that a 0.511 MeV photon appears at channel <math>1839 \pm 0.1</math> in the current apparatus.

===Run 1989===

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 24: 16:23:30

End Time: March 24: 16:57:00

Elapsed Time: 2010 seconds



[[File:03242011_R1989_ADC1.png | 200 px]]


The above measurement indicates that a 1.25 MeV photon appears at channel <math>3256 \pm 0.8</math> previously it was at <math>3158\pm 1</math> in the current apparatus.

The 98 channel difference is beyond the fit statistic.

Taking the average of the two give 3207 Channels.

===Energy Calibration using run 1987-1989===

Summary of Apparatus Specs

JLab PMT at +1185 Volts, 2.6 mA.

Dynode is inverted by Ortec 474 timing filter amplifier set to unity gain.  The Ortec output is put through a Lecroy Model 4608C discriminator set to -44.8 mV.

Anode is amplified by a Phillips 777 fast Amp.  Gained measured to be XXXXX

Doing a Linear fit using the two points

1.25 MeV ,3207 Channels  

0.511 MeV , 1839 Channles

gives

Channels = 893.06 + 1851.2 MeV

[[File:JlabPMT_Cal_r1988-r1989.png | 200 px]]


The energy distributions measured do not appear to have the expected structure.  There is a 1.3 MeV energy gamma from the Na-22 source which was expected but only hinted at.  Its intensity is 10% but it should start to show up on long runs.

[[File:Na22-Cal_r1988.png | 200 px]]

The next goal will be to lower the dynode discriminator threshold so we trigger on lower energy events.  Does the Compton edge become more obvious for Na-22?

I think my trigger threshold on the dynode is cutting things off at 200 keV.


===Run 1990===

Overnight Cosmic run

Start Time : March 24: 17:22:38

End Time: March 25: 09:14:44

Elapsed Time:  seconds

==Gain==


Amplifier gain measurement for runs 1987-1989 using a 1.5 Volt battery



Changed integrate pulse width to 43 nsec

Run 1992:  Battery going directly into ADC appear near channel 523


Run 1993: had battery through amp but forgot to plug in ADC,  I'll take another run so interpretation is simple.

Run 1994:  1.5 Volt battery going into amplifier then ADC appears near channel 2190

so gain is 2188/523 = 4.18


Maybe I can increase the HV on the PMT to run without an amplifier and reduce my noise.


==run 1995 Co-60 no amp==
<pre>
No Amplifier
</pre>

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 25: 09:46:23

End Time: March 25: 10:23:45

Elapsed Time: seconds
==run 1996 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
No Amplifier
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 10:26:43

End Time: March 25: 14:42:19

Elapsed Time: seconds

==run 1997 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1185 to 1250 Volts
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 14:43:55

End Time: March 25: 14:58:04

Elapsed Time: seconds

==run 1998 Co-60 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1185 to 1250 Volts
</pre>

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 25: 15:09:30

End Time: March 25: 

Elapsed Time: seconds

Rate was 5kHz and the ROC crashed

Move source farther away to lower rate

==run 2000 Co-60 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1185 to 1250 Volts, 2.74 mA

Source moved 7.5 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 25: 15:20:29

End Time: March 25: 15:26:54

Elapsed Time: seconds


==run 2001 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1185 to 1250 Volts, 2.74 mA

Source moved 7.5 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 15:28:13

End Time: March 25: 15:33:00

Elapsed Time: seconds

==run 2002 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1250 to 1350 Volts, 2.96 mA

Source moved 7.5 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 15:34:50

End Time: March 25: 15:38:54

Elapsed Time: seconds

==run 2003 Co-60 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1250 to 1350 Volts, 2.96 mA

Source moved 7.5 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 25: 

End Time: March 25: 

Elapsed Time: seconds

==run 2004 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1350 to 1430 Volts, 3.1 mA

Source moved 7.5 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 15:46:23

End Time: March 25: 15:52:06

Elapsed Time: seconds


;Looks like I was running at too low of a HV, that is why the spectra did not make sense above, I now see 2 peaks for Co-60 that are close together.  What were those high energy peaks?  Lets check the counting rate.

==run 2005 Co-60 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1350 to 1430 Volts, 3.1 mA

Source moved 10.1 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Co-60

Start Time : March 25: 15:53:05

End Time: March 25: 16:03:24

Elapsed Time: 559 seconds

==run 2006 Na-22 no amp==
<pre>
Increase HV on PMT from 1350 to 1430 Volts, 3.1 mA

Source moved 10.1 cm away from NaI to lower counting rate.
</pre>

Start a run using Na-22

Start Time : March 25: 16:04:16

End Time: March 25: 16:24:04

Elapsed Time: 1188 seconds


;Channel = -540.15 + 1279.2 HeV



It looks like we should run the JLab tube at 1430 volts if we don't use an amplifier  (tube is rated to 1500 Volts)

[[File:Cal02252011_r2005-2006.png | 200px]]

You see 4 peaks.

The Na-22 peaks at 511 keV and 1275 keV.  A gaussian fit yields a sigma 36.5 for the 511 keV peak and 57 for the 1275 keV peak.  The Co-60 source has two peaks.  One at 1173 keV which has a sigma of 64.1 and one at 1332.5 which has a sigma of 61.23

<math>\frac{\sigma}{mean}</math> = 7%, 4.4 %, 5.4 %, ,4.5%

The energy resolution at 511 keV is probably skewed because the discriminator threshold is low.

==Linearity==

== Conclusions ==
It looks like we should run the JLab tube at 1430 volts if we don't use an amplifier (tube is rated to 1500 Volts) .

=Readout=

==F250==

JLab's F250 flash ADC will be used to measure the NaI output


ADdress is 


{| border="1"  |cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0 
|colspan= "3" | Address
|-
| Pin ||  Switch || bit
|-
|A12 ||  on/closed || 0
|-
|A13 ||  on  || 0
|-
|A14 ||  on || 0 
|-
|A15 ||  on || 0 
|-
|A16 ||  on || 0
|-
|A17 ||  off/open || 1
|-
|A18 ||  off || 1
|-
|A19 ||  off || 1
|-
|A20 ||  on  || 0
|-
|A21 ||  off  ||1
|-
|A22 ||  off || 1
|-
|A23 ||  off || 1
|}

Module address = 0xee0000 = 111011100000000000000000 d

If I want 0xaa0000 = 101010100000000000000000 d

=== Setting FADC to bb address===


If I want set 0xbb in hexadecimal, the binary will be 10111011

On the board: 

 on  = closed = 0
 off = open   = 1



{| border="1"  |cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0 
|colspan= "3" | Address
|-
| Pin ||  Switch || bit
|-
|A12 ||  on/closed || 0
|-
|A13 ||  on  || 0
|-
|A14 ||  on || 0 
|-
|A15 ||  on || 0 
|-
|A16 ||  off || 1
|-
|A17 ||  off/open || 1
|-
|A18 ||  on || 0
|-
|A19 ||  off || 1
|-
|A20 ||  off || 1
|-
|A21 ||  off  ||1
|-
|A22 ||  on || 0
|-
|A23 ||  off || 1
|}

I set it like above, but it didn't work at first. Then Dr. Forest turned roc1 off, and pushed the FADC in to the slot. He said it might be that the FADC did not sit well on the slot, so we need to push it. 

I turned roc1 on, but it won't connect. It gives error says 

 telnet: connect to address 10.1.1.2: No route to host

I restarted roc1 several times, finally it worked. Was the error due to roc1 was not started?

Following is the message I got then

=== Starting FADC ===

==== Connect to roc1====

 telnet roc1
 Trying 10.1.1.2...
 Connected to roc1.
 Escape character is '^]'.

==== Load FADC Libraray ====

 -> ld < fadcLib.o
 Undefined symbol: sysVmeDmaSend (binding 1 type 0)
 Undefined symbol: sysVmeDmaDone (binding 1 type 0)
 ld error: Module contains undefined symbol(s) and may be unusable.
 value = 0 = 0x0

==== Initialize FADC ====

Recall that Address of ADC was set to be 0xbb0000

 -> faInit (0xbb0000)
 Initialized FADC 0  Slot # 4 at address 0x90bb0000 
 faInit: Enabling FADC Internal Clock, and Software Triggers (Soft Sync Reset)
 value = 0 = 0x0

I think the address I set worked. But why it initialized at 0x90bb0000, instead of 0xbb0000? Is it because software set it 32 bit address?

==== Check Status ====
-> faStatus(0)

==== Software Triggering ====

https://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/JLab_F250ADC#Software_Trigger

==== Hardware Triggering ====

https://wiki.iac.isu.edu/index.php/JLab_F250ADC#Hardware_Trigger

=Na-22 source=


North American Scientific Model CAL2600


Activity = 9.803 \muCi  on 5/1/05

Serial Number 64236


Na-22 beta decays giving off a 215 keV KE beta and a 1.275 MeV photon.


http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/decay?Na-22%20EC

=Co-60 source=


North American Scientific Model CAL2600


Activity = 9.641 \muCi  on 5/1/05

Serial Number 64120


Co-60:  decays to Ni giving 2 dominant gamma lines at 1.173237( 4)  and 
1.332501( 5) MeV.  The Average Beta energy is 95 keV.

Co-60DecayChain.png

http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/cgi-bin/decay?Co-60%20B-

= Detectors Documentations =

== SCIONIX HOLLAND ==

This is a Crystal with base.

Ruggedized Detectors:

http://www.helgesonsa.es/m02/firmas/SCIONIX/pages/pdf/Ruggedized%20Detector.pdf

[[File:SCIONIX_HOLLAND.pdf]]



LaCl 3:Ce Scintillation Crystals:

http://www.helgesonsa.es/m02/firmas/SCIONIX/pages/pdf/LaCl3%20literature.pdf

[[File:SCIONIX_HOLLAND_Crystal_info.pdf]]

= Rexon Components Inc =

Voltage range: 0 - 2000 V DC (positive)

==B76D01 PMT Pinouts==

[[File:Rexon_PMT_B76D01_PinOuts.png|200px]]  [[File:Rexon_PMT_B76D01_PinOuts_2.png|400px]] 

This is a Crystal, and there is a base from same company.

==Rexon PB200 Base==


[[File:Rexon_Base_Model_RB-200_MCAPinouts.png | 200 px]]


[[File:Rexon_Base_Model_RB-200_Base_units.png | 200 px]]


Base: http://www.rexon.com/POWER%20SUPPLY2.htm



[[File:Rexon_Base_RB200datasheet.pdf]]

[[File:Rexon_Base_RB200.pdf]]

[[File:Rexon_Base_RB-200_PMT_Base_Manual.pdf]]

PMT: 

[[File:Rexon_PMT.pdf]]

size: 3" diameter

= Saint-Gobain crystals & detectors ltd  =

This is just a base.

PA-14

http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGdetectors/Documents/Electronics/Voltage-Divider-Legacy-design.pdf

[[File:Saint-Gobian_PA-14.pdf]]

[[File:Saing-Gobian_PA14_units.png | 600 px]]

[[File:Saing-Gobian_PA14_pinning.png | 400 px]]



==Standard Features of Model P-14 Plug-on Voltage Divider==

•   Aluminum housing

• Positive (+) high voltage operation

• BNC bulkhead connector for signal output

• SHV bulkhead connector for high-voltage supply input

• 800 to 1200 VDC (may be higher or lower depending upon the specific PMT) at <1 mA typical operating power requirements

• Gain potentiometer

• Focus potentiometer



                                                                  


                                                                                                  
==Additional features for model PA-14 plug-on voltage divider/preamplifier==

• Standard hard-wired preamplifier power cable terminating in a 9-pin connector (pin 6 for -24VDC, pin 1 common ground)

• Optional BNC (in place of standard 9-pin) connector for preamplifier power input; -24V at 21mA operating power requirements.

==Preamplifier specifications ==

• Noise: Less than 50 microvolts RMS referred to input

• Input: Directly coupled via 1μF capacitor from photomultiplier tube anode to charge integrating preamplifier input circuit, positive pulse output.              
                                                
• Conversion Gain: 100mV/picocoulomb

• Rise Time: 100 nanoseconds

• Decay Time: 10 microseconds (internally adjustable at the factory)

• Gain Stability: 0.25%/C from 0° to 50°C                                                                   
                                                                                        
• Linearity: 0.25% (preamplifier only)

• Power Requirements: -24V +10% @21mA

[[File:Saint-Gobian_PA-14.png | 400 px]]

= Canberra Industries Inc.  =

This is just a base.

It is not clear from the PMT base we have what model is it, the data got scratched off. The comparison to information given on their website, it seems that the model is: 2007P. 

http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Products/Model-2007-2007P-SS-CSP0071.pdf

[[File:Canberra_2007P.pdf]]


= Detectors Test =

We got some other PMT from IAC. We applied Rexon base on these PMT, and tested them. 

We put Co-60 source with S/N 67415. I think this source has activity less than 1 micro Currie (may be around 900 nano Currie). 

I Applied 700 V to Rexon base. 1440 IAC

IAC IA-1377 SN6002-8292-I_blue_at700V_Co60Source67415_and_JLab_green_at1440V_Detectors


== Saint_Gobain ==

[[File:Mod-3M3_3.pdf]]


  Model  Crystal Size   PMT Size
  3MW3/3   3” x 3”          3”


[[Positrons#Experiments]]


=May Tests=

 You should turn on the JLab PMT to the HV we used last time (1420?) and take date with the Co-60 and Na-22 sources.
 A replay program is in the directory below.
 /home/daq/CODA/CODAreader/UsingROOTnEVIO/FADC/Mode1_Raw
 Mode1_Raw >hsimple -fr2092.dat


== JLab NaI Detector ==

Cosmic ray scope images:

[[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_1.png | 300 px]] [[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_2.png | 300 px]] [[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_3.png | 300 px]] [[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_4.png | 300 px]]
[[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_5.png | 300 px]] [[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_scope_6.png | 300 px]]

Cosmic ray images from Flash-ADC output

[[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_FADC_1.png | 300 px]] [[File:JLan_NaI_May_Cosmic_FADC_2.png | 300 px]]


= Building Our Own Base =

== Our Modified PMT Base Design ==

[[File:HRRL_Positron_Our_Modified_PMT_Base_Design.png | 400 px]]

== Test Result  ==

[[File:HRRL_Positron_Our_Modified_PMT_Base_Test_Result_1.png | 400 px]]